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1、第2講　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣在高考的語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中鮮有考查，但在寫(xiě)作中卻經(jīng)常使用，恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用此語(yǔ)法能夠成為得分的亮點(diǎn)，因此在二輪備考中考生對(duì)此語(yǔ)法也應(yīng)做到足夠重視。 考點(diǎn)感悟 語(yǔ)法填空 語(yǔ)法填空中對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查并不難，主要是一些常見(jiàn)的基本用法。 感1.(2018·天津高考)I can't find my purse. I ________ have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. 答案：might/could　此處表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況“有可能”的推測(cè)。 2.(2018·江蘇

2、高考)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________ (have) a second chance to become more involved. 答案：had　根據(jù)語(yǔ)意語(yǔ)境可知wish在此表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)愿望，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式。 3.(2017·北京高考)If the new safety system ________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened. 答案：had been put　根據(jù)語(yǔ)意及句中

3、的would never have happened可知，if從句表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。且主語(yǔ)system與put之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 悟1.wish后接虛擬句　如果表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如果表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬從句，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本用法　對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬if從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，主句用might/could/should/would＋動(dòng)詞原形；對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用would/should/could/might＋have done。 短文改錯(cuò) 短文改錯(cuò)中對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查并不多見(jiàn)，涉及時(shí)也是以基本用法為主。

4、 感1.(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip. _____________________ 答案：chose→choose　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)跟動(dòng)詞原形。 2.(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)I should available any time after school next week. _____________________ 答案：should后加be　句子缺少系動(dòng)詞且在should后應(yīng)用be。 3.(2019·東北三校聯(lián)盟)Most citizens in Hong Kong strongl

5、y insisted that those who attacked the police with violence were put into prison. _____________________ 答案：were→be　insist作“堅(jiān)持要求”講時(shí)，其后賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形，此處those與put之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故改為be put。 4.(2015·四川高考)If you are me, would you talk to them？ _____________________ 答案：are→were　根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知此處應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)

6、相反，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用were。 悟1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣中be動(dòng)詞的選用　表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，be動(dòng)詞一般用were。 2.insist “堅(jiān)決要求”，suggest “建議”等后面接虛擬從句，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)為should do形式，should可省。 考點(diǎn)素能 一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和后面的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。 (1)can/could的用法： ①表示能力，意為“能，會(huì)”。 ②表示客觀或理論上的可能性。 ③表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”，用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。can比could語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)。 (2)may/might的用法： ①表示請(qǐng)求和許可。

7、在疑問(wèn)句中might可以代替may，語(yǔ)氣更加委婉。 ②表示推測(cè)，意為“或許，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may語(yǔ)氣弱。 (3)must的用法： ①表示“必須”，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈。 ②表示推測(cè)，意為“一定”，用于肯定句。 ③意為“偏要，非要……不可”。 (4)shall的用法： ①用于第一人稱疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。 ②用于各種人稱陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人的命令、警告、威脅、允諾、決心等；或用于條約、規(guī)定、法令、法律等，意為“必須”。 (5)should/ought to的用法： ①should表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)、勸告、建議等，意為“應(yīng)該”。 ②should表示

8、出乎意料的口氣，意為“竟然，居然”。 ③should和ought to表示推測(cè)，指預(yù)期的可能性，意為“應(yīng)該，估計(jì)”。 2.“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ＋ have done”的用法 該結(jié)構(gòu)主要用來(lái)表述過(guò)去的情況，包括對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)、遺憾、責(zé)備等。 (1)must have done “一定做過(guò)了某事”，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情有把握的推測(cè)。 (2)could have done “本能做某事(而實(shí)際上未做)”， can't/couldn't have done “(過(guò)去)不可能做過(guò)某事”。 (3)may/might have done “(過(guò)去)有可能做過(guò)某事”。 (4)should/ought to h

9、ave done “本該做某事而沒(méi)做”。 (5)needn't have done “本不必做某事(而實(shí)際上做了)”。 二 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用 2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中的應(yīng)用 (1)wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望： ①表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。 ②表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句用had＋done。 ③表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，從句用would/could/should/might＋動(dòng)詞原形。 (2)would rather后面的賓語(yǔ)從句： ①表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。 ②表示與過(guò)

10、去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句用had＋done。 (3)表示主張、命令、建議、要求等詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句常用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，should可省略。 (4)定語(yǔ)從句： It's (high/about) time (that) ... 句型中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should＋動(dòng)詞原形(其中should不可省略)，意為“確實(shí)到了……的時(shí)候了”。 (5)as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中： ①表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。 ②表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had＋done。 ③表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形。 過(guò)關(guān)檢

11、測(cè)(限時(shí)：30分鐘) Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.It is required by law that a driving test ________ (take) before a man gets a license. 答案：(should) be taken 2.I couldn't________ (go) through the hard times but for my teacher's generous and timely help. 答案：have gone 3.I was ill that day, otherwise I would ________ (take)

12、 part in the sports meet. 答案：have taken 4.The nationwide smog serves as a constant reminder, indicating that it's high time we ________ (reflect) on ourselves. 答案：reflected/should reflect 5.It has been accepted that all the students ________ put on masks before going to school in case they are i

13、nfected with flu virus. 答案：shall 6.John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he ________ (come) tomorrow instead of today. 答案：came 7.—Don't you think it is necessary that he ________ (not send) to the Bulls but to the Keats？ —I agree, but the problem is that

14、he refuses to. 答案：(should) not be sent 8.—I promise Shirley ________ get a new iPad on her birthday. —Will it be a big surprise to her？ 答案：shall 9.I don't think you ________ give up the opportunity to go to university which you have been dreaming about. 答案：should 10.________ it rain tomorrow,

15、 we would have to cancel the football match. 答案：Should Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1.If I haven't seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it. _____________________ 答案：haven't→hadn't 2.We would rather our daughter stay at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. ___________

16、__________ 答案：stay→stayed 3.We would as well stay where we are, because the outside is unsafe. _____________________ 答案：would→might/may 4.You need have studied that late last night. It was harmful to your health. _____________________ 答案：need后面加not 5.Had it not been for my teacher's help, I

17、won't have won the first place in the contest. _____________________ 答案：won't→wouldn't 6.No driving after drinking is a rule that every driver will obey in our country. _____________________ 答案：will→shall 7.Have I followed your advice, I wouldn't be in such an embarrassing situation now. ____

18、_________________ 答案：Have→Had 8.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it's too bad. You must have made full preparations. _____________________ 答案：must→should 9.Although you must find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop. _____________________ 答案：must→ca

19、n 10.Should I have a word with you? It won't take long. _____________________ 答案：Should→Can/May Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 A recent study shows that most adults did household chores __1__ (active) when they were young. Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before, __2__ same study shows. An expert

20、 said, “Parents today want their kids to spend more time __3__ things that can bring them money and honour. They have stopped __4__ (do) the one thing that has proven to bring success. That is doing household chores.” Another study finds that compared with the kids __5__ didn't do household chores,

21、 young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely __6__ (succeed). They had better family relationships, did better in school, performed better at work and were more independent. Personal happiness __7__ (say) to come from strong relationships. It begins by learning to be kind and __8

22、__ (help) to their parents at home. If your kids say they have to skip chores because it's time they __9__ (deal) with their homework, you'd better not let them off the hook. If you do, your child may think grades are more important than caring about others. “What may seem like small __10__ (messag

23、e) at the moment add up to big ones over time，” says an expert. 1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9.________　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)研究表明，現(xiàn)在的大部分成年人小時(shí)候都做過(guò)家務(wù)，而現(xiàn)在的大部分孩子都不像以前的孩子那樣做很多家務(wù)了。 1.actively　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故要用副詞形式actively。

24、2.the　考查冠詞。此處的“study”就是上文提到的那個(gè)“study”，故用定冠詞the表示特指。 3.on　考查固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配spend sth. on sth.可知，此處填介詞on。 4.doing　考查固定用法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里說(shuō)的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下來(lái)去做某事”，故用stop doing sth.。 5.who/that　考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處在句中引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為kids，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，因此本空填who或that。 6.to succeed　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是be likely to do sth.句型，故填

25、不定式。 7.is said　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句含有“be said＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，且這里說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在的一般情況，主語(yǔ)為“Personal happiness”，因此填is said。 8.helpful　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。本空應(yīng)填形容詞helpful與kind并列作表語(yǔ)。 9.dealt/should deal　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。It's time (that) ...句型中，that從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式或“should＋do”，其中should不可以省略。 10.messages　考查名詞。message是可數(shù)名詞，其前沒(méi)有冠詞，故要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)

26、 Smog has covered large areas of Beijing recently, which has had much influence to our life. It's not convenience for us to go out due to the heavy smog. In order to take in less than poisonous air, whichever we go outside, we have to wear masks. Facing such a seriously problem, we should take some

27、 immediate measure to solve it. As for our government, some laws should be passed to ban factories from giving off poisonous waste. At same time, we are supposed not to drive to work but to ride our bicycles. Now I call on all people to take action against smog and protected our world from be pollut

28、ed. Only in this way should we live in harmony with nature. 答案： Smog has covered large areas of Beijing recently, which has had much influence our life. It's not for us to go out due to the heavy smog. In order to take in less poisonous air, we go outside, we have to wear masks. Facing such a

29、 problem, we should take some immediate to solve it. As for our government, some laws should be passed to ban factories from giving off poisonous waste. At same time, we are supposed not to drive to work but to ride our bicycles. Now I call on all people to take action against smog and our world from polluted. Only in this way we live in harmony with nature. - 9 -