2021中考英語 基礎(chǔ)語法十 非謂語動詞

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1、 （十）非謂語動詞 01 命題趨勢 考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化 近幾年對非謂語動詞的考查主要是動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語及目的狀語，動名詞作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語，及個別分詞的用法。預(yù)計2015年中考對非謂語動詞的考查，不定式仍是考查的熱點(diǎn)。我們應(yīng)該牢固掌握一些動詞固定搭配的用法。 02 定義 概念清晰化 非謂語動詞是一些特殊的動詞，它們在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語，而有謂語以外的其他語法功能，在句子中不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，但仍有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，也可以帶賓語和狀語，構(gòu)成非謂語動詞短語。非謂語動詞分不定式、動名詞和分詞三種。動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形

2、”構(gòu)成，在特殊情況下有時to可以省略。動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時也具有動詞的部分特征，能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語、狀語等成分。動名詞由動詞加-ing構(gòu)成，在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。它們在句中作定語、狀語、表語和補(bǔ)語。 03 知識歸類 知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)化 ?動詞不定式 分類圖解 功能 例句 主語 To speak English well isn’t an easy job. 賓語 They decided to change their mind. 賓語補(bǔ)足語 He helps th

3、e little girl to finish her homework every day. 定語 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 表語 Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children. 狀語 目的 Every morning he gets up very early to exercise. 結(jié)果 He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside.

4、 特例清單 1.不定式作賓語 (1)一些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看一場電影嗎? (2)在find，think后面接不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。如： I find it easy to read English every day.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語很容易。 (3)常見的一些不帶to的動詞不定式： why n

5、ot do…，had better(not) do…，would rather do，could/would/will you please (not) do… I would rather stay at home.我寧愿待在家里。 2.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西讓他將收音機(jī)的音量調(diào)低。 tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后面常接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如： My mother encourages m

6、e to learn Japanese.我母親鼓勵我學(xué)日語。 注意：還有一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有：一感(feel)、一幫(help)、二聽(hear，listen to)、三讓(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但變被動語態(tài)時，必須加上to。如： The boss made them work the whole night.老板讓他們工作了一整夜。 3.不定式作定語 (1)不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。 (2)如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓

7、關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如： There is nothing to worry about.沒有什么可擔(dān)心的。 【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )1.(2014·北京)My parents always tell me _______ more vegetables and fruit. A.eat B.eating C.eats D.to eat ( )2.(2014·咸寧)—What would you like _____ for your mum on Mother’s Day? —A dress. A.buy B.buying

8、 C.to buy D .buys ( )3.(2014·河南)—Do you climb mountains every day? —Yes，_______ a little exercise. I’m so out of shape. A.getting B.get C.got D.to get ( )4.(2014·河北)Don’t forget _______ thanks when other people help you. A.accept B.to accept C.say

9、 D.to say ( )5.(2014·漳州)—We don’t have enough money for our field trip. What shall we do? —The best way _______ money is to sell newspapers. A.raise B.to raise C.raising ?特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式 分類圖解 結(jié)構(gòu) 例句 too…to結(jié)構(gòu) She was too surprised to see how angry her father was. not+不定式 The

10、teacher told the students not to play soccer on the road. 疑問詞+不定式 作主語 How to solve the problem is very important. 作賓語 He didn’t know what to say. 作表語 The question is where to find the water. for+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式 It is necessary for us to learn from each other. of+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式 It is very kin

11、d of you to help me with my English. 特例清單 1.動詞不定式作主語 動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+動詞不定式。如： To learn English well is useful. →It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。

12、 It’s very kind of you to help me.你幫助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。 2.不定式常和疑問詞what，which，when，where，how連用，相當(dāng)于一個賓語從句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do.老師正告訴學(xué)生要做什么。 He didn’t know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to go=where he should go) 【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )6.(201

13、3·廣東)I always tell my students _____ on the road because it’s really dangerous. A.not to play B.to play not C.not playing D.not play ( )7.(2013·黔東南州)—What senior school do you want to go,Li Hua? —It’s hard for me ________ a decision now. A.do B.to do C.make D.to

14、 make ( )8.(2013·咸寧)It’s rather hot in the room. You’d better _______ the windows or the door. A.close B.not to close C.don’t close D.not close ( )9.(2013·衡陽)My parents asked me _______ computer games. A.not playing B.not to play C.not play ( )10.(2013·宿遷)I

15、t’s dangerous ________ a close look at the tiger in the zoo. A.for us talking B.of us to take C.of us taking D.for us to take ?動詞-ing形式 分類圖解 功能 例句 主語 Skating on the thin ice is dangerous. 賓語 I finished doing my homework. 表語 The nurse’s job is looking after the pa

16、tients. 定語 She is reading in the reading room. 賓語補(bǔ)足語 He kept the machine running for ten hours. 狀語 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 特例清單 1.英語中一些詞后常跟動名詞作賓語，初中階段這類詞有：finish(完成),mind(介意),be worth(值得),be busy(忙于),practice(練習(xí)),have fun(玩得高興),feel like(想要),be used to(習(xí)慣于),co

17、nsider(考慮),enjoy(喜歡)。 2.主語+ be + happy(glad, pleased, angry, sorry, careful, ready等)+to do sth.如： I’m glad to see you again.我很高興再次見到你。 I’m sorry to hear that.聽到這個消息我感到遺憾。 3.幾組動詞接不定式及動名詞辨析： (1)stop doing/stop to do stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停止、中斷做某事后去做另一件事 (2)forget doing/forget to

18、do forget doing sth.忘記做過某事(事情已做) forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事(事情沒做) (3)remember doing/remember to do remember doing sth.記得做過某事(事情已做) remember to do sth.記著去做某事(事情沒做) (4)try doing/try to do try doing sth.嘗試著去做某事 try to do sth.設(shè)法或努力去做某事 (5)go on doing/go on to do go on doing sth.繼續(xù)不停地做同一件事情 go o

19、n to do sth.做完一件事，接著去做另外一件事 (6)allow doing sth./allow sb.to do sth. allow doing sth.允許做某事 allow sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事 (7)regret doing/regret to do regret doing sth.對做過的事情感到遺憾、后悔(已做) regret to do sth.對要做的事感到遺憾(未做) (8)mean doing/mean to do mean doing sth.意味著做某事 mean to do sth.打算、想做某事 【題組訓(xùn)練】

20、( )11.(2014·長沙)—It’s getting cold. Would you mind_____ the window? —Of course not. A.closing B.to close C.closed ( )12.(2014·梅州)Paul looks forward to _______ his pen pal as soon as possible. A.meets B.meet C.meeting D.met ( )13.(2014·孝感)My old neighbor Char

21、les enjoys _____ photos. He always goes out with his camera. A.take B.to take C.taking D.took ( )14.(2014·曲靖) _______ vegetable juice is a good habit，which helps you eat a balanced diet. A.Drink B.Drank C.Drunk D .Drinking ( )15.(2014·黃岡)—Grandpa has change

22、d a lot. —So he has.He spends more time than he used to ______ games with the children. A.play B.playing C.played D.plays ?動詞的過去分詞 分類圖解 功能 例句 表語 The door remained locked. 定語 The building built last year is now a department store. 賓語補(bǔ)足語 I heard my name called. 狀語 He

23、ated water changes into steam. 特例清單 英語中過去分詞可作賓補(bǔ)(此時的過去分詞一般是及物動詞)表被動意義或完成意義，有時兩者兼而有之。做賓補(bǔ)的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。如： She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語有被動的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài)) 1.過去分詞用在get,have,make 的后面。 注意“have +賓語+過去分詞”的兩種情況： A)表示“讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做”。如： I have had my bike repaire

24、d.我已經(jīng)請人把我的自行車修好了。 B)表示“遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受……影響，蒙受……損失”。如： I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.上個月在公汽上我的錢包被偷了。 2.“make+賓語+過去分詞”,在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞的動詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如： I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高聲音目的是讓我自己被聽見。 3.過去分詞用在感官動詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to,feel,find等后面。如： When we got to s

25、chool,we saw the door locked.到學(xué)校時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)門被鎖了。 4.過去分詞用在“with +賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系。如： The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.那個小偷被帶了進(jìn)來，他的手被綁在背后。 5.過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別: 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語和補(bǔ)語之間是主謂關(guān)系，其動作與謂語動作同時進(jìn)行。過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語和補(bǔ)語之間是動賓關(guān)系，其動作先于謂語動作。不定式作賓補(bǔ):表一個完成的動作、或表一個很短時間內(nèi)看到、聽到或感覺到的具體

26、動作。如： He didn’t notice me waiting.他沒有注意到我正在等。 I heard the song sung in English.我聽見這首歌被用英語唱了。 I saw him opening the window.我看見他正在開窗戶。 I saw the window opened.我看見窗戶被開了。 I saw him open the window.我看見他開了窗戶。 I heard her sing the song in English.我聽見她用英語唱了這首歌。 【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )16.(2014·咸寧)—Do you have a

27、ny difficulty in ____ English? —Yes，but I try to make myself_____. A.to speak;understood B.speaking;understand C.to speak;to understand D.speaking;understood ( )17.(2013·綏化)He wants to have his TV______ . A.repairing B.repaired C.to repair ( )18.(2013·安順)He often drinks two cups

28、of ______ water when he comes back. A.boiling B.boil C.boiled D.boils ( )19.(2013·煙臺)—Why do you speak in ____ loud voice? —Because I want to make myself _______ clearly. A.such;hear B.so;heard C.such;heard D.so;hear ( )20.(2013·自貢)—When are you going to

29、 have your hair ____? —This afternoon. A.cut B.to cut C.cutting 04 整合集訓(xùn) 反饋層級化 ( )1.David enjoys ____ music at weekend,but I prefer _____ for a picnic. A.to listen;to go out B.listen to;going to C.listening to;go out D.listening to;to go out ( )2.—I really do

30、n’t know_____with this kind of problems. —You can ask the teacher for help. A.what to do B.how to do C.why to do D.which to deal ( )3.—Do you often plant trees,Wang Lin? —Yes,we have ________ hundreds of trees. A.plant B.planted C.plants D.planting ( )4.—We do

31、n’t have much homework this weekend. Shall we go out together? —Ok.What about ______ a movie? A.to see B.seeing C.to seeing D.sees ( )5.The boy is looking forward to _______ a good time after the exam. A.to have B.has C.having D.have ( )6.—Mary dances be

32、st in our school. —I agree.I’ll never forget _____ her dance for the first time. A.seeing B.to see C.see D.seen ( )7.It took my daughter two weeks to read the novels ______ by Yang Hongying. A.write B.writes C.wrote D.written ( )8.—Your spoken En

33、glish is much better than before. —Thank you.Our teacher often asks us ______ English as much as possible. A.to speak B.not to speak C.speak D.not speak ( )9.Tom often makes his brother ______ but yesterday he was made _______ by his brother. A.cry;to cry B.to c

34、ry;cry C.cry;cry D.to cry;to cry ( )10.—We can use QQ to chat with each other online. —Really?Could you please show me _______ it? A.when to do B.why to do C.how to do D.what to do ( )11.—Do you like going shopping on Sundays? —No,I would rather _______ books at

35、home ______ than shopping. A.to read;go B.read;to go C.read;go D.to read;to go ( )12.When he saw a ticket on the ground, he stopped ______. A.to pick it up B.picking it up C.to pick up it D.pick up it ( )13.We have two rooms ,but I can’t decided ___

36、___. A.to live;to choose which one B.lived;choose which one C.to live in;which one to choose D.live in;which one ( )14.—What should I do,doctor? —______ healthy, you should take exercise more and eat meat less. A.Keep B.Keeping C.To keep D.Kept ( )15.—Don’t forge

37、t _____ the door of the meeting room when you leave. —Sure. A.to lock B.locking C.lock D.locks ( )16.Would you mind not ________ here? I’m doing my homework. A.sing B.singing C.sings D.to sing ( )17.No matter how hard it is, we’ll keep _____ until we make

38、 it. A.failed B.failing C.tried D.trying ( )18.We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t appeared yet. A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.meet ( )19.—Where are the twins? —I saw them ______out for a walk just now. A.going B.to go C.gone D.went (

39、 )20.—Do you still remember _____ me somewhere in Shanghai? —Yes,of course.Two years ago. A.to see B.see C.seeing D.saw ( )21.Aunt Li often asks her son _______ too much meat. It’s bad for his health. A.don’t eat B.not to eat C.not eat D.to not eat ( )22.T

40、here are no differences between the two words.I really don’t know_____ . A.what to choose B.which to choose C.to choose which D.to choose what ( )23.—What about going swimming with me? —Sorry.I have a lot of homework______ . A.to do B.done C.do D.be done

41、( )24.It is said that to teach a man fishing is better than ______ him fish. A.give B.giving C.to give D.gives ( )25.—Mum,I’m hungry. —What about going to McDonald’s ______ fried chicken? A.eat B.to eat C.eating D.and eat 5 參考答案： (十)非謂語動詞 題組訓(xùn)練 1—5DCDDB6—10ADDBD11—15ACCDB 16—20DBCCA 整合集訓(xùn) 1—5DABBC6—10ADAAC11—15CACCA 16—20BDCAC21—25BBACB