2022年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)四 主謂一致教案15 牛津譯林版
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1、2022年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)四 主謂一致教案15 牛津譯林版 在英語(yǔ)句子里,謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配,其動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律,大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則,即語(yǔ)法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。 (一)語(yǔ)法一致原則:語(yǔ)法上一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。 1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he s
2、aid is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 注意:由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式,但若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 2、由連
3、接詞and或both … and連接起來的合成主語(yǔ)后面,要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意:① 若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí),它后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如:The writer and artist has e.; / ② 由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別有no,
4、each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it. 3、主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞,盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)
5、形式。如:Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has e to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4、either, neither, each, every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,都作單數(shù)看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
6、 注意:① 在口語(yǔ)中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或代詞)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù);若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù),它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America. 5、在定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如:He is one of my friends who are work
7、ing hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6、如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體,它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果它指集體的成員,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, mittee, population, audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意:people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如:Th
8、e police are looking for the lost child. 7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注意: a
9、 number of“許多”,作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);the number of“…的數(shù)量”,主語(yǔ)是number,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 8、在倒裝句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如:There es the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts. (二)邏輯意義一致原則:邏輯意義一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的意義一致(因有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù);有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù),但意義為單數(shù))。 1、what, who, which, any, more, all
10、等代詞可以是單數(shù),也可是復(fù)數(shù),主要靠意思來決定。如:Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing. 2、表示“時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式, 這是由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體,如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英語(yǔ)是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如: “The Arabian Nights”is an int
11、eresting story-book. 4、表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式(也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:One and a half apples is (are) left on the table. 5、算式中表示數(shù)目(字)的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如:Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 6、一些學(xué)科名詞是以 –ics 結(jié)尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, wor
12、ks等,都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞,它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’t easy to study. 7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8、“定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞
13、”,表示某一類人時(shí),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 (三)就近一致原則:在英語(yǔ)句子中,有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 1、當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。如:Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right? 2、there be句型be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ),則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room.. 注意:Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。
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