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過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞用法比較
英語(yǔ)中的分詞分兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞（the present participle）和過去分詞（the past participle）。雖然它們?cè)诰渥又卸伎勺髅~修飾語(yǔ)、接系動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等，但是它們形式不同，而且語(yǔ)義也有差別。
現(xiàn)在從四方面舉例說明。
?、爆F(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)的和正在進(jìn)行的（例①-③）；過去分詞的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)的和完成的（例④-⑥）：
?、?The boiling water is hot.
② A sleeping baby is good to look at.
?、?Sh
2、e has a smiling face.
?、?You can use the boiled water to make tea.
?、?Where is my lost key?
?、?A broken mirror cannot be repaired.
有時(shí)，由于兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞“異詞同義”，其分詞也跟著不同 ，如：
?、遖. Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt?
b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt?
⑧a. His new book consistin
3、g of useful data has been well received.
b. Do you like the book made up of untrue stories?
?、苍谡Z(yǔ)義上，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞反映的心理狀態(tài)不同。前者有 “令人……”的含義（見例⑨）；過去分詞則有“感到……”的意思（見例⑩）：
⑨ The soccer match last night was thrilling.（令人緊張）
?、?The soccer fans were delighted.（感到高興）
其他例子有：
● amazing: amazed;
4、
● annoying: annoyed;
● boring: bored;
● confusing: confused;
● surprising: surprised;
● terrifying: terrified
試比較11a和b以及12a和b:
11a. This is the most confusing system I have ever seen.
11b. The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a time.
12a. D
5、avid came with some surprising news.
12b. All were surprised at Sam's sudden resignation.
?、吃谧髻e語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果賓語(yǔ)是有關(guān)分詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，就用現(xiàn)在分詞，如：
13. The teacher found a student dozing off.
14. Don't keep the visitor waiting.
如果賓語(yǔ)和有關(guān)分詞有“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)”關(guān)系，那么這個(gè)分詞就要是過去分詞了，如：
15. Where did you get your b
6、ook printed?
16. You should have your office whitewashed.
在13里，正在打瞌睡的是賓語(yǔ)“a student”; 在14里，賓語(yǔ)是 “the visitor”。15里，“printed”的賓語(yǔ)是“books”; 16里， “whitewashed”的賓語(yǔ)是“his office”。
4.分詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于副詞從句，但現(xiàn)在式表示的是主動(dòng)的行動(dòng)，如例，過去式表示被動(dòng)的行動(dòng)，如：
17 Entering the room, she found the wall newly painted.
18 Written in haste, the essay had some errors.
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高二英語(yǔ)（選修八）unit 3 備課參考 過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞用法比較
