2020高考英語考前沖刺Ⅰ專題16 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)

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1、 2020考前沖刺英語Ⅰ專題16 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài) 1. In 1492, Columbus ______ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India. (2020·湖南卷27) A. lands B. landed C. has landed D. had landed 【解析】選B。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)中的一般過去時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。句意：1492年，哥倫布曾在巴哈馬群島中的一個(gè)島嶼登陸，但是他誤以為是印度邊緣的一個(gè)島嶼。題干給

2、出具體的過去時(shí)間in 1492，所以排除A和D。干擾項(xiàng)C現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果，此題表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)是哥倫布過去登陸了這個(gè)島，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。 2. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ___ by scientists. ( 2020·湖南卷34) A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 考點(diǎn)1.一般

3、現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) Planning so far ahead ______ no sense — so many things will have changed by next year. (2020·全國新課標(biāo)卷23) A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made 【解析】選C。句意：提前這么早計(jì)劃沒有意義，第二年這么多事情將會(huì)發(fā)生變化。此項(xiàng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表明這一客觀事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)A一般過去時(shí)，選項(xiàng)B現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，選項(xiàng)D現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都與接下來的一句語境不符。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性或不依時(shí)間的變化而

4、發(fā)生變化的動(dòng)作。時(shí)刻表上安排的將要進(jìn)行的事情也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(如： go, come, leave, die 等)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 溫馨提示： (1)在以when, until (till), as soon as, by the time, after, before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句或以if, unless, once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句以及由no matter when, however, even if等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，如果主句中的動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代

5、替一般將來時(shí)。 (2)always, often, constantly, frequently, forever等副詞和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，表達(dá)說話人的某種感情，即“贊揚(yáng)”或“厭惡”等，可譯為“老是、總是”。 (3)某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示計(jì)劃或安排好了的將來動(dòng)作。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有： go, come, leave, arrive, start, take off等。 考點(diǎn)2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí) It is the most instructive lecture that I ______ since I came to this school. (2020·湖南卷30) A

6、. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended 一般過去時(shí)表示在過去時(shí)間里已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與過去時(shí)間狀語yesterday, last week, in 2020, three days ago等連用。 相同點(diǎn)：都表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去。 不同點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)；一般過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。 溫馨提示：(1)比較、區(qū)別have gone to(去了)與have been to(去過)的不同用法。 (2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不與具體的過去時(shí)間狀語或when連用。

7、(3)短暫性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)一般不與段時(shí)間狀語連用。 (4)在It / This / That is the first / second time (that) …結(jié)構(gòu)中， that引導(dǎo)的從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 考點(diǎn)3.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí) — That must have been a long trip. — Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there. (2020·北京卷27) A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking By the time Jack

8、 returned home from England, his son ______ from college.(2020·遼寧卷34) A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated 【解析】選D。從句動(dòng)作是過去時(shí)，主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，因此用過去完成時(shí)。 過去完成時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)間或某動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，即：過去的過去。持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過去式常與since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)、for+時(shí)間段、when/before+過去時(shí)的從句、by/before+過去時(shí)間等狀語連用

9、。 溫馨提示：(1)動(dòng)詞expect, hope, suppose, think, want等的過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、計(jì)劃或打算等。 (2)過去完成時(shí)用于某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu) ① It / This / That was the first / second time (that)+過去完成時(shí) ② It was+段時(shí)間+since+過去完成時(shí) ③ no sooner …than …或hardly …when …的主句謂語要用過去完成時(shí) ④ 含“by+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或“by the time+一般過去時(shí)”的句子常用過去完成時(shí) 考點(diǎn)5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) — You lo

10、ok so tired, what have you been doing? — We have been discussing the problem but we ______ a conclusion yet. A. haven't drawn B. have been drawing C. didn't draw D. weren't drawing 【解析】 選A。根據(jù)前后語境可知，到目前為止我們還沒有達(dá)成結(jié)論，盡管我們到現(xiàn)在為止一直在討論問題。yet一般與完成時(shí)連用。 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行

11、時(shí)由“have/has + been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)候開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已完成。 考點(diǎn)6.一般將來時(shí)與將來進(jìn)行時(shí) — I hear you ______ in a pub. What's it like? — Well, it's very hard work and I'm always tired, but I don't mind. (2020·江蘇卷21) A. are working B. will work C. were working D. will be

12、 working 【解析】選A。 句意：——我聽說你在一個(gè)酒吧干活。工作怎樣？——哦，工作很艱難， ① be going to可用于條件狀語從句表示將來，而shall / will一般不可。 ② 跡象表明要發(fā)生某事，只用be going to。 ③ 若強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)意圖是經(jīng)過事先考慮好的，用be going to；說話時(shí)的臨時(shí)決定，則用will / shall。 動(dòng)詞的語態(tài) 考點(diǎn)1.兩種特殊的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 1. 雙賓語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) She was ______ the bike for 25 dollars，but she wouldn't take it. A. provi

13、ded B. supplied C. offered D. gave 【解析】選C。 offer 作“出價(jià)，開價(jià)”講，常有offer sb. money for sth.和offer sb. sth. for money兩種搭配。此處是將后者用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)中。 短語動(dòng)詞是由“動(dòng)詞+介詞”， “動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞”等結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中，不能漏掉其后的介詞。在“動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋介詞”這類動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，“名詞＋be＋動(dòng)詞過去分詞＋介詞”也是高考熱點(diǎn)。如：take care of

14、→care be taken of; make good use of→good use be made of; take advantage of→advantage be taken of。 考點(diǎn)2.主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的若干情形 — Shall we go fishing tomorrow? — Sounds great, but with so much homework ______， I really can't afford the time. A. done B. to do C. being done

15、 D. doing 【解析】選B?！皐ith+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式表示將來，且常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 1. 系動(dòng)詞(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 2. 英語中有些動(dòng)詞如： open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等，當(dāng)主語是物，且又表示主語的特征和狀態(tài)時(shí)，要用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。 3. 不定式to blame用作表語，通常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 4. “主語+be+形容詞+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式通常

16、要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這類形容詞常見的有： convenient, comfortable, dangerous, difficult, hard, easy, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant等。 5. 不定式用于某些動(dòng)詞(如： have, get, want, need等)的賓語后作定語時(shí)，如果不定式的邏輯主語是句子的主語，通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 溫馨提示：若不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)式。 6. 在“with+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示將來的

17、動(dòng)作，且其邏輯主語是句子的主語，該不定式常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 7. be worth后的動(dòng)名詞要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 溫馨提示：be worthy卻不一樣，其后常接不定式的被動(dòng)式或of+動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。 8. 表示“需要”的動(dòng)詞need, want, require或動(dòng)詞deserve(“應(yīng)受，應(yīng)得，值得”)后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意義。但這些動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)名詞若改為不定式則要用被動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)。 考點(diǎn)3.不及物動(dòng)詞和有些及物動(dòng)詞(短語)無被動(dòng)語態(tài) Great changes ______ in the city and a lot of factories ______. A. have been

18、 taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up 【解析】選B。 take place 為不及物動(dòng)詞短語，一般不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即可排除A、C、D。 常見的沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(短語)有： occur, take place, happen, break out, belong to, appear, disappear, cost, last, agree with等。 考

19、點(diǎn)4. 作狀語的動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài) If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters. (2020·浙江卷19) A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered 【解析】選C。 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞，因此首先排除B和D(前面已經(jīng)有are going to tour，

20、又沒有連詞，不可能出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)獨(dú)立謂語)。A和C都表示被動(dòng)，區(qū)別在于being done表示正在被發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)詞不定式to be done表示具體、一次性、將要被發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。句意：如果他們今晚贏得了決賽，整隊(duì)將在熱情的粉絲歡呼下周游這個(gè)城市。這里用to be done表示伴隨。 考點(diǎn)5. 作后置定語的動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài) The Town Hall ______ in the 1800's was the most distinguished building at that time. A. completing B. completed C. having been completed

21、 D. to have been completed 考點(diǎn)7.形式被動(dòng)意義表主動(dòng)的短語一般都由“be ＋v.-ed＋介詞或少量的不定式”組成，如be faced with(面臨)，be determined to do(下決心干)，be caught in(遇上), be devoted to (致力于), be known for(因……出名)，be lost in(陷于，埋頭于) 等等。在句中作狀語時(shí)只需去掉be。 ______ to achieve high grades in the final examination, he tried to study harder and h

22、arder. A. Being determining B. Determined C. To determine D. Determine 【解析】選B。 be determined to do作狀語時(shí)，be去掉。 考點(diǎn)8. 帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu) The missing girl was last seen ______ under the big tree. A. read B. to read C. reading

23、 D. to be reading The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Bolt at the Bird's Nest, who was reported ______ the world record in the running races. A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break 【解析】選C。 表示據(jù)報(bào)道用“be reported ＋不定式”。此處用不定式完成時(shí)表動(dòng)作已發(fā)生。此句中的后一分句我們也可以這樣改寫：It was reported that Bolt had broken the world record in the running races.