八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下Unit3 學(xué)案4人教版

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1、此資料由網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集而來(lái)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)告知上傳者立即刪除。資料共分享，我們負(fù)責(zé)傳遞知識(shí)。 人教版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下Unit3 學(xué)案4 新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下第三單元講學(xué)案 Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 單元學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 1 學(xué)會(huì)談?wù)撨^(guò)去發(fā)生的事情(Talk about past events) 2學(xué)會(huì)講故事( Tell a story) 3了解一些自然科學(xué)知識(shí)和社會(huì)科學(xué)知識(shí),從而更加熱愛(ài)科學(xué),探索科學(xué). 重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn) 1以when、while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 2過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：“was / were + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)

2、Section A Preview 預(yù)習(xí) 1 背景資訊(UFO的含義和 “飛碟”的由來(lái)) UFO 是英文(Unidentified Flying Object)的縮寫(xiě),意為不明飛行物.它的含義,從廣義講是天空中一切不明原因和無(wú)法解釋的飛行物,而狹義講指外星人的飛行器.人們常常提到的UFO是廣義上的飛碟,但外星人的飛行器至今也未收集到. 一般UFO具有一些無(wú)法解釋的特性,如具有超出最快火箭的高速度,或可在高速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)瞬間停止懸空,或停在空中有瞬間高速飛離的本領(lǐng),能直角轉(zhuǎn)彎,自身旋轉(zhuǎn),無(wú)聲無(wú)息,瞬間消失等特性.為什么會(huì)有這些特性還有待研究. “飛碟”名稱(chēng)的由來(lái) 1947年6月24日,肯尼

3、思架著自己運(yùn)貨的飛機(jī)在美國(guó)華盛頓州卡斯卡德山脈上空飛行.下午他飛抵雷尼爾山附近,架著飛機(jī)兜了一會(huì)圈子,尋找一架曾在這里失蹤的飛機(jī).他突然發(fā)現(xiàn)左側(cè)稍遠(yuǎn)地面上有幾個(gè)發(fā)光的物體.九個(gè)發(fā)光物體排成一行前后高低,每個(gè)呈發(fā)光圓形,有飛機(jī)大小,這一行在峰巒間穿行,有時(shí)還繞過(guò)一個(gè)山頭.每小時(shí)約飛2700公里.著陸后記者問(wèn)他,這些物體如何飛行.他并未說(shuō)飛行物是碟子,而是說(shuō)物體飛行像貼著水面拋出的碟子.可是,第二天的美國(guó)報(bào)紙報(bào)道說(shuō),他看到了 “飛碟”. 2 你還記得現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則嗎?(如go-going, going是go的現(xiàn)在分詞)

4、 3 你能說(shuō)說(shuō)看什么時(shí)候用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)嗎? 4 你知道這些詞的意思嗎?能寫(xiě)出它們的動(dòng)詞原形嗎? took off（起飛、脫下） arrived（到達(dá)）landed（著陸） got out（下車(chē)、下來(lái)）shouted（喊叫） climbed（爬） happened（發(fā)生） ran away（逃跑）bought(買(mǎi))

5、 standing( ) studying( ) cleaning( ) sleeping( ) making( ) cooking( ) getting out( ) talking( ) cutting ( ) eating( )

6、 5 重難點(diǎn)先知道: Ⅰ過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 構(gòu)成：was / were + 現(xiàn)在分詞（其中was是am、is的過(guò)去式，were是are的過(guò)去式） eg. 1) What were you doing at nine last night?(昨晚9點(diǎn)你在干什么?) I was doing my homework then . (那時(shí)，我正在做作業(yè)) 2) He was cooking in the kitchen at 12 o’clock yesterday . (昨天12點(diǎn)，他正在廚房燒飯。) 用法1）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表現(xiàn)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)

7、作。 eg. She was writing a letter when I came in . (我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，她正在寫(xiě)封信。) 2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)還表示過(guò)去某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 eg. They were waiting for you yesterday . (他們昨天一直在等你.) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別； 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 I was reading a novel last night.昨晚我在看小說(shuō)。（可能還沒(méi)有看完） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作。 I read a novel last night .昨晚我看了一本小說(shuō)。（已經(jīng)

8、看完了） Ⅱ在本單元中，出現(xiàn)了以when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.(當(dāng)UFO著陸時(shí)男孩正走在街道上.) While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.(當(dāng)男孩正走在街道上時(shí),UFO著陸了.) when 和 while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 1) 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞指動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間，而不是瞬間結(jié)束。如：work、study、drink、eat

9、等。 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞指動(dòng)作極為短暫，瞬間結(jié)束。如：start、begin、arrive、jump、go、 finish、borrow、knock等。 2) when表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。它后面既可跟延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，又可跟非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.如： Mary was having dinner when I saw her .(當(dāng)我看到瑪麗的時(shí)候,她正在吃飯.) 主句 從句(see是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞) 3) while表示“在……的時(shí)候”、“在……期間”。While后面必須是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如： The weather was fine while we

10、were in Beijing .(當(dāng)我們?cè)诒本┑臅r(shí)候天氣很好.) 主句 從句(表示狀態(tài)) She called while I was out .(當(dāng)我不在時(shí),她打過(guò)電話(huà).) While we were swimming someone stole our clothes .(當(dāng)我們正在游泳的時(shí)候,有人偷了我們的衣服) 從句( swim延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞) 所以, when可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，又可指時(shí)間段，從句中可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 while總是指一個(gè)時(shí)間段，從句中必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程 1

11、a Question: Where were you when the UFO arrived?(當(dāng)UFO到達(dá)的時(shí)候,你正在哪里?) 知識(shí)鏈接: You borrow books there. library You cook meals there. kitchen You buy and eat meals there. restaurant You look at art and old things there. museum You mail letters and

12、packages there. post office You enjoy trees and flowers there. park You sleep there. bedroom You get a haircut(剪發(fā)) there. barber shop 1b 聽(tīng)記者的問(wèn)題,圈出正確的人們的反應(yīng).(參考預(yù)習(xí)4的練習(xí)) 知識(shí)鏈接: in front of in the front of before 的區(qū)別 （1）in front of…意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前

13、，兩者互不包括；其反義詞是behind（在……的后面）。如： He walked in front of me.他走在我的前面。 There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。) （2）in front of與in the front of in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的內(nèi)部.反義詞是at the back of…（在……范圍內(nèi)的后部）。如：There is a big desk and a blackboard in the front of our classroom.我們的教

14、室前邊有一張大桌子和一塊黑板。 Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. (我們的老師站在教室前.) （3）in front of與before before通常指時(shí)間或排序上的“在……以前”，反義詞是after。如：He usually gets to school before me.他通常到校比我早。 talk on the phone 通過(guò)電話(huà)談話(huà) get out of the shower 洗完澡出來(lái) get out意思是 “出去,離開(kāi)” 若表示 “ 從…….出來(lái)” 通常用get out of 如: Mr S

15、mith got out of his office just now.(史密斯先生剛剛離開(kāi)他的辦公室) sleep late表示“遲于規(guī)定時(shí)間還在睡”，即“睡懶覺(jué)”。Late在這里是副詞，表示“遲”，“遲于規(guī)定的時(shí)間”。 【注】over sleep也表示“睡懶覺(jué)”。 1c 談?wù)摦?dāng)UFO到達(dá)時(shí)人們正在做什么. 2a 把事實(shí)按照所聽(tīng)到的順序依次排列. 知識(shí)鏈接 外星人alien 買(mǎi)個(gè)紀(jì)念品 buy a souvenir 著陸 land 2b 用when while填空完成句子. 2c 看圖用when while 造句. Question: What was th

16、e girl doing when the UFO took off ?(離開(kāi)) take off （1）脫下 eg. Please take off your coat . It’s warm in the room . 請(qǐng)脫下大衣，屋子里面很暖和。 （2）起飛 eg. The girl was eating the ice cream when the UFO took off . 當(dāng)UFO起飛的時(shí)候，那個(gè)女孩正在吃冰淇淋. 反義詞: put on (穿上) land (

17、著陸) 3a 讀一封e-mail, 給圖片標(biāo)順序. 知識(shí)鏈接: 1) experience 名詞,翻譯為 “經(jīng)歷”,可數(shù)名詞. 當(dāng)表示 “經(jīng)驗(yàn)”時(shí)不可數(shù).動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示 “經(jīng)歷”. 2)around為副詞，可表示“大約”用與修飾數(shù)量詞。如： He came back around 7pm last night. 他昨晚大約7點(diǎn)回來(lái)的。 around 也表示“在……周?chē)薄皣@……”。如： The moon moves around the earth. 月亮圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 3) right在這里為副詞，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表示“正好”“就”等。如：She was standing righ

18、t in the middle of the room. 她站在房間的正中央。 【注】副詞just也常用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如： It’s just around the comer .就在拐角處。 Just wait a moment , please .請(qǐng)稍候。 4) be surprised 感到吃驚,主語(yǔ)一般為人. eg. He was surprised when I saw him . (我見(jiàn)到他的時(shí)候，他感到很吃驚。) be surprised to do 做…..令人吃驚 吃驚地去做……. eg, I am surprised to see you here. b

19、e surprised at sth. 對(duì)……感到吃驚 eg, I was surprised at his words. surprising 令人吃驚的, 常用來(lái)修飾物或主語(yǔ)是物. eg, It is surprising news for me. to one’s surprise 令人驚訝地是…….. To my surprise, he passed the exam easily. 5) Isn’t that amazing? “那難道不令人驚奇嗎?” 這是一個(gè)否定句,表達(dá)肯定的意思. 否定句的回答要注意, 肯定時(shí)要用yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu),否定時(shí)要用 no

20、+ 否定結(jié)構(gòu),這和漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)有很大不同. Won’t you go? (你真不去?) Yes, I will.(不, 我要去.) No, I won’t.(是的,我不去.) 3b 復(fù)述故事 4 談?wù)撋弦恢苋漳阍诓煌瑫r(shí)刻正在做什么. Question: what were you doing at these times last Sunday? Section A 鞏固練習(xí) 一、 根據(jù)句子意思，補(bǔ)全句中表示地點(diǎn)的單詞，首字母已給出。 1. I often borrow books from the school l_______. 2. My h

21、air is too long. I should go to the b_______ shop. 3. There is only a bed in my b________. 4. Tom is talking a shower in the b________. 5. Your k_______ is so big. Do you like cooking meals here? 二、 單項(xiàng)選擇。 1. There is a big tree ____ the house. A. in front B. in the front C. in front of D.

22、in the front of 2. When I ____ school, Mr Zhang was playing football with the boys. A. arrived B. got C. came D. reached 3. Yesterday he ____ a new dictionary from the bookshop. A. buyed B. bought C. brought D. boughted 4. While the girl ____, the alien got out. A. is shopping B.

23、 was shopping C. shopped D. went shopping 5. I ____ school at around ten o’clock in the morning yesterday. A. walked B. was walking C. walk to D. was walking to 6. ____ interesting news! A. What B. What an C. How D. How a 7. Oh, I’m too tired. How about ___ a rest? A. to have B. h

24、ave C. having D. has 8. I was doing my homework at 9 o’clock last night. You’re ___. I saw you in the cinema. A. hard-working B. kiding C. kidding D. kidded 9. If you need some help, please ____. A. ask for a policeman B. call the police C. ask police D. calling policeman 三、

25、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1.What _____ you _____ (do) at 9:00 am yesterday? 2.While Li Lei ___________(have) breakfast, Jim came in. 3.I saw a UFO _____(land) on Center Street at 10 o’clock last night. 4.Ted had a very _(usual) experience yesterday. He saw a UFO. 5.Jim followed his father to see where he __

26、______(go) 四、 按要求變換句式 1. Tom saw an alien yesterday. (變成否定句) _____________________________________. 2.When the UFO took off, the girl was waiting for a bus. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句) _______________________________________________________? 3.The boy was ridi

27、ng a bike when the UFO landed. (畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)) _____________________________________? 4. The girl was shopping when the alien got out. ( 用while改寫(xiě)句子) ______________________________________ 5. John did his homework last night. (用at nine o’clock改寫(xiě)句子) _______________________________________ Section B

28、 Preview 你能寫(xiě)出這些短語(yǔ)的翻譯嗎? 1爬樹(shù) 10四處走走 2 跳下 11考慮 3打電話(huà)給報(bào)社 12向外看 4照相 13進(jìn)來(lái) 5騎自行車(chē) 14緊挨著 6走路去學(xué)校 15車(chē)禍 7火車(chē)站 16北京國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng) 8跑開(kāi),逃走 17 住院 9大聲喊它的名字 18在診所,醫(yī)生辦公室 1 搭配句子和圖片 重點(diǎn)詞匯: 1) scare 害怕 be scared to do/ of sth. “害怕做某事/某事” He was scared to see a snake. (他害怕看到蛇

29、.) He was scared of darkness.(他害怕黑暗.) The boy was (scare) to catch the snake. 2) climb 爬 jump 跳,跳躍 jump onto 跳上 jump down 跳下 jump the queue 插隊(duì) 3) shout 呼喊,喊叫 shout to 是由于距離遠(yuǎn),聲音小了聽(tīng)不到,因而 “高聲喊叫” shout at 表示生氣時(shí)對(duì)某人大喊大叫,態(tài)度不友好. Eg, Don’t shout at that old man. (不要對(duì)那位老人大聲叫嚷.)

30、 I shouted to her to help me.(我向她喊幫幫我.) 2a 把聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容打勾. 2b 寫(xiě)出各行為的實(shí)施者. 2c 復(fù)習(xí)while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句. 3 讀短文,回答問(wèn)題. 重點(diǎn)詞匯 1) anywhere adv. 無(wú)論何處,用于肯定句. you can go anywhere you like. (你可以去你喜歡的任何地方.) 某地, 常用于疑問(wèn)句,否定句中. Are we going anywhere interesting?(我們要到什么有趣的地方?) 2) think 的用法 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是thought , 現(xiàn)

31、在分詞是 thinking. think of 想起 think about 考慮 think over 反復(fù)思考 What do you _____________ the game show? We must ______________ what to do next time. Please _________________ before you decide to do it. 3) happen take place eg, It is too noisy outside. What’s happening? It will ta

32、ke place sooner or later. 二者都可以譯作發(fā)生,并且都沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài). happen 往往表示偶然性的,沒(méi)預(yù)料到的事情的發(fā)生.表示某人發(fā)生什么事情, 要用 “sth happened to sb ” eg., A bad car accident happened to Tom yesterday. happen to 偶然發(fā)生, 碰巧 He happened to be there when the fire was on. take place 往往表示必然性的發(fā)生或計(jì)劃安排內(nèi)的發(fā)生, 沒(méi)有偶然的意思. eg, When will the con

33、cert take place?(音樂(lè)會(huì)什么時(shí)候舉行?) 4a 描述一個(gè)故事. 4b 談?wù)撛谶^(guò)去不同時(shí)刻正在做的事情. Question: Where were you at …. last Sunday? What were you doing at …. last Sunday? Self check 1) in hospital 和 in the hospital 的區(qū)別和用法 He was ill in hospital now. 生病住院 They work in the hospital, because they are doctors

34、. 在醫(yī)院 同樣類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)有 in bed in the bed in prison in the prison 2) at the doctor’s 的用法 意思為在診所 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)省略了 “診所” 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示某人的住所,商店, 企業(yè)等等. 類(lèi)似的用法 at the barber’s at the baker’s(面包店) at Mr Wang’s (王先生家) Reading 背景資料: 馬丁 路德 金 是美國(guó)民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)德領(lǐng)袖. 美國(guó)戰(zhàn)后經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展很快,可國(guó)內(nèi)的黑人卻在經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治上受到歧視. 他立志為爭(zhēng)取社會(huì)平等和正義做一名牧師.他曾

35、號(hào)召黑人抵制隔離,迫使法院取消地方運(yùn)輸工具上的座位隔離.這是美國(guó)南部黑人第一次以自己的力量取得斗爭(zhēng)的勝利,也拉開(kāi)了民權(quán)斗爭(zhēng)的序幕. 1968年,他被種族分子暗殺. 從此美國(guó)政府規(guī)定,每年的1月第三個(gè)星期一為馬丁 路德 金全國(guó)紀(jì)念日. Preview 你知道這些短語(yǔ)的中文意思嗎? 1 in morden American history __________________ 2 hear about ______________________ 3 at that time ______________________________ 4 have fun__________

36、_______________ 5 in the playground ________________________ 6 in silence _________________________ 7 take place ____________________________ 8 World Trade Center _____________________ 9 as terrible as _______________________ 10 walk on the moon_____________________ 11 fly around the e

37、arth ____________________ 12 become national hero _________________ 13 all over the world _____________________ 請(qǐng)回答下列問(wèn)題 1 What happened on April 4, 1968 in modern American history? 2 How old is Robert Allen now? 3 What was Robert Allen doing when the bell rang on that day? 4 Who destroyed th

38、e World Trade Center? 5 How many hours did Yang Li Wei fly around the earth? 6 How many events are there mentioned in this passage?(文章中提到了幾個(gè)事件?) 重點(diǎn)詞匯: hear的用法 hear sb. do sth.聽(tīng)到某人做某事 I heard him go out. hear sb. doing sth 聽(tīng)到某人正在做 I heard them talking in the next room. hear about 聽(tīng)說(shuō)

39、 I never heard about koalas. hear from 收到某人的來(lái)信 Last week I heard from my best friend. as….. as 同級(jí)比較 His bag is as expensive as mine. 中間加形容詞, 副詞的原級(jí). not as/so.…… as 意思為不如…. Tom doesn’t run as fast as his brother. 一….. 就 as soon as I will call you as soon as I get

40、 home. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): On this day, Dr Martin Luther King was killed in the city of Memphis in America. 被害 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示被動(dòng).主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者.它的結(jié)構(gòu)是 主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞be+ 過(guò)去分詞 例如: English is widely used in the world. 英語(yǔ)在全世界被廣泛使用. The mountain is covered with snow all the year around. 山上終年被雪覆蓋. Knives are used for cutting thing

41、s. 小刀是用來(lái)切東西的. Rice is grown in South China. 華南種植水稻. Section B 練習(xí) 單項(xiàng)選擇 1.While Ann ______a bike, she met Lucy. A riding B. is riding C. rode D. was riding 2. Daniel came to Beijing last year and he _______. A. takes photos B. took lots of ph

42、otos C. took lots of photos D. was taking photoes 3. He went to bed too late last night, so he ___up early this morning. A. could get B. cannot get C. couldn’t get D. got 4. I looked for my pen here and there, but I didn’t find it ________ A. somewhere B. anywhere C. now

43、here D. everywhere 5. Linda didn’t think about ______ her dog outside the station. A. looking for B. finding C. finding out D. looking over 6. The shirt is too small. Could you please show me _____ one? A. other B. another C. others D. the other 7. Jim was badly i

44、ll, so he was ______. A. at hospital B. at a hospital C. in hospital D. in the hospital 8. What _____while Linda was on her way to New York? A. happened B. did happen C. was happen D. happens 9. Betty saw a cat _____the tree on her way to school. A. in B. on C. ove

45、r D. above 10. There are lots of _____ on the desk; you can have a look. A. newspaper B. news C. newspapers D. newspapers 11 Look at this photo. Can you ________ her name? A think over B think of C think D think about 12 _________ happened when I was on vacation?

46、 A What B Who C When D Which 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí): 用when while 完成下列句子: 1 What were you doing when YangLi Wei went into space? 2 _______________ I was walking to the mall yesterday I met George. 3 ______________ you called, I was taking a shower. 4 Tim was riding his bicycle ____________

47、_he saw the alien. 5 We arrived in Beijing ________________ it was snowing. 6 Where were you going _____________ you had the accident? 用所給詞的正確形式填空. 1 Mary _____________(make) a cake when she cut her finger. (cut--cut 切,割) 2 While she _______________(watch) TV, Granny ____________(fall) asleep

48、 this morning. 3 When his mother got home, Jack ________________(watch) TV in the sitting room. 4 I _______________(watch) TV at that time. 5 He ______________(happen) to be there last night when the house was on fire. 6 While he arrived home, he saw a thief (小偷)_________________( steal偷). 7 Wh

49、en the boy ________(get up) in the morning, his mother ____________(make)the breakfast. Conversation 1 A What were you ___________(do) when I __________( see) you on the bus yesterday? B I ___________________( go ) to work. A Oh, really? You said you ___________(ride) your bicycle to work. B

50、 That’s right. But it _____________( be) too cold yesterday. Conversation 2 A Where _________(be) you when the UFO _______________(arrive) yesterday. B I _______________( walk) to the post office. A What did you ____________(see)? B Well, the UFO ______________(land) in the middle of the street. A What _______________(happen) next? B An alien ________________( get ) out of the UFO and ________(go) intho the post office. A Then what did you _________________( do)? B While the alien _____________( buy) stamps, I _______________(call) the TV news.