新概念英語第二冊 lesson 4 筆記和答案

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1、新概念英語第二冊 lesson 4 An exciting trip Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激動人心的旅行 課文內(nèi)容： I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Au

2、stralia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. ? Notes on the text 課文注釋 1 He has be

3、en there for six months. 他在那兒已經(jīng)住了6個月了。關于動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時，可以參看第1冊第83至87課。 2 a great number of…, 許多…，用于修飾復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。 3 in the centre of…, 在……中部。 參考譯文 我剛剛收到弟弟蒂姆的來信，他正在澳大利亞。他在那兒已經(jīng)住了6個月了。蒂姆是個工程師，正在為一家大公司工作，并且已經(jīng)去過澳大利亞的不少地方了。他剛買了一輛澳大利亞小汽車，現(xiàn)在去了澳大利亞中部的小鎮(zhèn)艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久還將到達爾文去，從那里，他再飛往珀斯。我弟弟以前從未出過國，因此，他覺得這次旅行非常激動人心。 　　自

4、學導讀 1．He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. （他）正在為一家大公司工作，并且已經(jīng)去過澳大利亞的不少地方了。 （1） work for指“在……上班／任職”： 表達“上班”這個意思時還可以說work at： She works at a department store. 她在一家百貨商店上班。 （2）a number of只能接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。通常，number前有great, large, good,

5、 small, certain等形容詞，數(shù)量大小也隨之改變： A large/ great number of our students are Danish. 我們的學生中有許多是丹麥人。 There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework. 你的家庭作業(yè)里有少數(shù)幾個拼寫錯誤。 2．He will soon visit Darwin. 他不久還將到達爾文去。 will 表示將來要發(fā)生的事。這句話的時態(tài)是一般將來時。（cf. 第12課語法）下一句話From there, he will fly to Pert

6、h也是一般將來時。 3．My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. 我弟弟以前從未出過國，因此，他覺得這次旅行非常激動人心。 （1）這句話由兩個簡單句組成，后一句由連詞so引導，為表示結果的狀語從句。 （2）find作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”、“發(fā)覺”講時賓語往往帶補足語（一般為形容詞），說明賓語的狀況、性質(zhì)等： I find the film very interesting. 我覺得這電影很有趣。 She found Ton's room very dirty. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)湯

7、姆的房間非常臟。 She has already found herself wrong. 她已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己錯了。 需要注意的是，find一詞很少用于進行時態(tài)，一般用于過去時、完成時及一般現(xiàn)在時等。 　　語法 Grammar in use 1．現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間概念有時是不確定的。（cf. 第1冊第83～88課）我們所關心的是現(xiàn)存的結果，或者過去發(fā)生的事對現(xiàn)在的影響。現(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確表示過去的副詞（如ago, yesterday等）連用。經(jīng)常和現(xiàn)在完成時連用的副詞和副詞短語有：before（now）（〈在此〉以前）；so far（到目前為止）；up to

8、 now （直到現(xiàn)在）；just（剛剛）；already（已經(jīng)）；lately（最近）；now（現(xiàn)在）；疑問句和否定句中常用ever, yet, never, not… ever等。現(xiàn)在進行時經(jīng)常用于表示在短期內(nèi)正在進行的動作或存在的情況，因此往往不需要和時間狀語連用。試比較： 2．同位語 (Appositives) 一個名詞（或短語等）與另一個名詞（或短語）并列而作為其說明或限定成分時稱為同位語。同位語與它所補充說明的成分之間用逗號隔開。課文中有兩句話含有同位語： I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. 我剛剛收到弟弟蒂

9、姆的來信。（Tim是my brother的同位語。它們指的是同一個人。Tim用來補充說明my brother的名字） He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. 他剛買了一輛澳大利亞小汽車，現(xiàn)在去了澳大利亞中部的小鎮(zhèn)艾利斯斯普林斯。（在這句話中 a small town in the centre of Australia是Alice Springs的同位語，補充說明這是個多大的鎮(zhèn)子，在什么地方） 在譯成漢語時，同位

10、語或者插入主句中，或者另譯為一句，很少像英語中那樣用逗號隔開。請參閱課文中兩個句子的譯文。同位語如果太長，可以另譯為一句。如課文中第二個例句的后半部分可以譯為：“現(xiàn)在去了艾利斯斯普林斯。這是澳大利亞中部的一個小鎮(zhèn)?！? 同位語的其他例子如： This is John, one of my best friends. 這位是約翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。 Mrs. Smith, my neighbour, has never been abroad. 我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來沒有出過國。 　　詞匯學習 Word study 1．receive vt. （1）接到，收到，得到： W

11、hen did you receive that letter? 你什么時候收到那封信的？ Susan received a gift/card this morning. 今天上午蘇珊收到了一份禮物／一張卡。 receive是“收到”，指的是一個被動的動作，主觀上接受與不接受并不清楚。take則是主動地“拿”、“取”： He told me to take the keys from his pocket. 他讓我從他口袋里把鑰匙拿出來。 I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me y

12、esterday. 我叔叔給了我一枝漂亮的鋼筆。昨天我弟弟把筆拿走了。 （2）招待，接待： You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests. 如果你要接待這么多客人，你就需要一個大房間。 We usually receive guests on Saturday. 我們通常星期六招待賓客。 2．different adj. (名詞為difference) （1）不同的，相異的（經(jīng)常與from連用）： Desks are different from tables. 書桌與桌子不一樣。 My

13、room is different form yours. 我的房間與你的不同。 We are planning something different this year. 我們今年有不同的打算。 （2）各種各樣的，不同的： He has visited many different places in China. 他去過中國的不少地方。 This department store sells a large number of different things. 這家百貨商店出售許多各種各樣的東西。 ? 　　練習答案 Key to written exercises

14、 1．關鍵句型練習答案 A 1 I have just had breakfast. 2 He has been in prison for six months. 3 The police have not caught the thief yet. 4 You have (already) asked that question three times (already). 5 Have you ever been to Switzerland? 6 I have never been to Switzerland. 7 He is a wonderful runner. H

15、e has broken two records so far . 8 I haven't seen George lately . C 1 He has just left the house . 2 He has just had breakfast . 3 She has just written a letter . 4 My sister has just turned on the radio . 5 My mother has just made the bed . 6 She has just bought a new hat. D 1 He hasn't wa

16、shed the dishes yet . 2 She hasn't made the beds yet . 3 He hasn't combed his hair yet . 4 She hasn't swept the carpet yet . 5 We haven't read ‘ Macbeth’yet . E 1 Have you seen the new play at ‘The Globe’yet ? 2 Have you taken your holidays yet ? 3 Have you read this book yet ? 4 Have you do

17、ne your homework yet ? 5 Have you finished your work yet ? 2 ．難點練習答案 1 received 2 received 3 took 4 taken 5 take 3． 多項選擇題答案 1d? 2b? 3a? 4b? 5b? 6a 7c? 8b? 9c? 10a? 11c? 12c ? ????? 課堂筆記 　　【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】　生詞和短語 ★exciting　adj. 令人興奮的 excite:激動 excited: -ed: 自己感到 -ing:令人感到 ex

18、citing boy interesting man The man is interesting. The news exciting,I am excited 其賓語一定是人 The news excited me. 讓后面的人感到．．． interesting:令人感到有趣的 interested: 感到有意思的 The book interests me. ★receive　v. 接受，收到 accept：同意接收 receive:客觀的收到 This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I

19、 didn't accept it. take　take the exam：接收考試；　take advice接收建議 receive/have receive/have a letter from somebody. ★firm　n. 商行，公司 company ★different　adj. 不同的 ★centre　n. 中心 ★abroad　adv. 在國外 副詞，直接和動詞連用 go aroad live abroad study abroad 　　讀音語調(diào)要頓拙一些 received a letter from　　 just和完成時連用 months　

20、 one month　 two months I'have arrived in Beijing.　has been He has been in Beijing for one year. has been + in 地點 He has been in America for tow years. 連讀 work for　 work in 強調(diào)地點　　work for強調(diào)work I am working for a school. I am working in the New Oriental school. a great number of :a lot of a

21、 great number of 后面一定要加可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) a lot of 可加可數(shù)名詞也可加不可數(shù)名詞 i have a lot of friends I have a great number of friends. has gone to :去了某地沒回來 has been to :曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在不在那個地方 Have you been to Paris? soon:很快（時間） from there:從那地方起 from 即可以加時間又可以加地點 from half past 8 to half past 11 from Beijing to Tianjin

22、g fly to Perth: go to Perth by air before——副詞，在此之前　　　現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的標志 find trip exciting find +賓語+形容詞做賓補　　　find the room clean find her happy is finding　 I'm finding... 〖語法精粹〗 下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動的動詞不可用于進行時 believe;doubt see hear know understand belong think consider feel look seem show mind have

23、sound taste require possess care like hate love detest desire arrive不能和斷時間連用 用進行時態(tài)表示將來時態(tài)的：go come leave arrive 第3課關鍵句型：一般過去式　　　第4課關鍵句型：現(xiàn)在完成式 第5課：一般過去式和現(xiàn)在完成式的相同點，不同點，用的時候要注意什么 下面幾個詞一出現(xiàn)就標志著完成式：just before already receive take 他到某地有多久了。 He has been. I have been here for three years. find:發(fā)現(xiàn)，

24、找到 find the book dirty find+n.+a. 【Multiple choice questions】 (3)..... at...表示位置　　　be at...(典型表示位置的介詞短語） go to...只要有to這個感念，它的后面一定要有賓語，go to the theater go in...(in 做副詞）很小加賓語　　　He went in. go into...有去向的動作，還有進入的動作　　go into the room move:搬家 move in:搬進來 move to the new house:正在搬 move into :搬進去了 (4)..... how long...對段時間提問，跟現(xiàn)在完成時相連 have+動詞的過去分詞