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1、Book Four (Integrated Course 4)
Unit 1 Man and Nature
Language Points
1. realm: n. a country ruled over by a king or queen; a general area of knowledge, activity, or thought
e.g. The king had to call representatives of different classes of the realm into consultation upon the national econom
2、ic crisis.
T: The movie has brought children to a realm of imagination.
影片將孩子們帶入了幻想的王國(guó)。
Collocations:
public realm 公眾領(lǐng)域
e.g. He always projects an image of success in public realm.
T: 他總是以成功人士的形象出現(xiàn)在公眾面前。
within the realms of possibility 有可能的
It was actually within the realms of possibility.
3、
T: 這是完全有可能的。
2. interact: vi. if people or things interact with each other, they affect each other
e.g. Lucy interacts well with other children in the class.
T: 所有事物都是互相聯(lián)系又互相作用的。
All things are interrelated and interact with each other.
3. transform: vt. to completely change the appearance,
4、form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it
e.g. Increased population has transformed the landscape.
T: 這部戲幾乎在一夜之間把她從一個(gè)不為人知的校園女生變成了演藝巨星。
The play transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar.
CF: change, convert & transform這些動(dòng)詞
5、均有“變化，改變”之意。
change 指任何變化，完全改變，強(qiáng)調(diào)與原先的情況有明顯的不同。
convert指進(jìn)行全部或局部改變以適應(yīng)新的功能或用途。指信仰或態(tài)度時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)較激烈、大的改變。
transform 指人或物在形狀、外觀、形式、性質(zhì)等方面發(fā)生的徹底變化，失去原狀成為全新的東西。
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
(1) In order to transform their environment, he drew up
6、 the project.
(2) Carbon dioxide can be converted into oxygen through the agency of plant.
(3) Why do the leaves on trees change colour in autumn?
(4) He always attempts to convert others to a particular doctrine or belief.
4. convert: v. to change something into a different form of thing,
7、 or to change something so that it can be used for a different purpose or in a different way
e.g. They converted the spare bedroom into an office.
In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy.
T: 他成功地讓我接受了他的觀點(diǎn)。
He succeeded in converting me to his point of view.
5. subdue: vt. gain
8、 control of, esp. by defeating
e.g. For a century we laboured to settle and to subdue the continent.
T: 警方設(shè)法制服了憤怒的人群。
Police managed to subdue the angry crowd.
NB: 該詞的過去分詞subdued可作形容詞，意為“柔和的，減弱的，無精打采的”。例如：
In the bar, there is subdued light and soft music.
Richard seems very subdued tonight.
9、
6. discipline:
(1) vt. train or develop, esp. in obedience and self-control
e.g. Disciplining children takes patience and consistency.
T: 不同文化中對(duì)于孩子的訓(xùn)導(dǎo)方式是不一樣的。
Different cultures have different ways of disciplining their children.
(2) n.
1) a way of training someone so that they learn to cont
10、rol their behaviour and obey
rules
e.g. The book gives parents advice on discipline.
2) an area of knowledge or teaching
e.g. The information that has evolved in one discipline may permit exciting advancement in another.
T: 她對(duì)營(yíng)銷這門學(xué)科的實(shí)踐知識(shí)和強(qiáng)烈的求知欲給我留下了深刻的印象。
I was greatly impressed by her pra
11、ctical knowledge of the discipline of marketing and her strong desire to learn more.
Collocations: discipline problem紀(jì)律問題; discipline oneself自律; instill discipline into sb.灌輸紀(jì)律觀念
7. compel: vt.make (a person or thing) do sth., by force, moral persuasion, or orders that must be obeyed
e.g. Our min
12、ds are so constructed that they compel us to view the external world in only one way.
T: 法律要求雇主必須提供健康保險(xiǎn)。
The law compels employers to provide health insurance.
CF: compel, force & oblige這些動(dòng)詞均含“迫使”之意。
compel指在法律、權(quán)力、力量或行動(dòng)等的驅(qū)使下被迫而為。例如:
A parent may compel his child to do his lessons by threatening
13、 to suspend his allowance.
T: 家長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)采用威脅暫停津貼的辦法迫使其子女學(xué)習(xí)。
force指用個(gè)人意志、權(quán)力、權(quán)威或暴力等，迫使他人改變看法或做本不愿做的事。例如:
Government troops have forced the rebels to surrender.
T: 政府軍已經(jīng)迫使叛亂者投降。
oblige 指由于生理或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有權(quán)威的人或機(jī)構(gòu)迫使某人做某事，還可指在特定情況下被迫作出的反應(yīng)。例如:
Circumstances had obliged him to sell the business.
T:
14、 形勢(shì)逼迫他賣掉公司。
8. transfer:
(1) v. move from one place, job, position, etc., to another
e.g. Michael transferred from Company 6 to the Security Service.
(2) n.
e.g. Most of the bills are paid by electronic transfer.
T: 權(quán)力的移交迅速而又和平地得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。
The transfer of power was effected swiftly and peacefull
15、y.
9. in fear of: in a state of fear about
e.g. Ordinary people lived in fear of being arrested by the secret police.
T: 他們生活在不斷的饑餓恐懼中。
They live in continual fear of starvation.
10. attain: vt. to succeed in achieving something after trying for a long time
e.g. More women are attaining positi
16、ons of power in public life.
T: 他們最后一定能獲得解放。
They’re sure to attain emancipation in the end.
11. hostile: a. showing extreme dislike or disapproval; unfriendly
e.g. Senator Lydon was hostile to our proposals.
T: 工程進(jìn)展得很慢，因?yàn)椴簧賹W(xué)者對(duì)普通人持?jǐn)硨?duì)態(tài)度。
The project proceeded slowly because many scholars were h
17、ostile to the common people.
12. retreat: vi. move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity, esp. when forced to do so
e.g. Perry lit the fuse and retreated to a safe distance.
T: 從公眾生活中隱退是不明智的。
It was not a sensible choice to retreat from public life.
CF: retire, retreat & withdraw
18、這些動(dòng)詞均含“退下，退卻”之意。
retire指從公開或公共場(chǎng)合退下到私下場(chǎng)所，也指被免除職務(wù)或自動(dòng)辭職、退役等。例如:
I retired from teaching three years ago.
T: 三年前我就不再教書了。
retreat含消極意味，多指被迫采取退下或退卻的行動(dòng)。
The enemy was forced to retreat.
T: 敵軍被迫撤退了。
withdraw強(qiáng)調(diào)因某種原因而有意離開，常含禮貌、謙恭等理由。也指軍隊(duì)的撤退。
As the troops withdraw , the entire city celebrated the li
19、beration.
T: 部隊(duì)撤退時(shí),整個(gè)城市歡慶解放。
13. concerned: a. affected by something or worried about it; believing something is important
e.g. All the people present are concerned with children’s education.
T: 很多政客更關(guān)注的是權(quán)力和控制而不是人民的利益。
Many politicians are more concerned with power and control than with the goo
20、d of the people.
Collocations: concerned with 關(guān)注，關(guān)心；與……相關(guān); concerned about / for 擔(dān)心，關(guān)愛; concerned to do sth. 專注于做某事; as far as … is concerned 就……而言
14. ominous: a. making you feel that something bad is going to happen
e.g. The car is making an ominous rattling sound.
T: 不祥的黑云預(yù)示著雷暴的到來。
The o
21、minous black clouds predicted the coming thunderstorm.
15. acute: a. severe; very great
e.g. The housing shortage is more acute than first thought.
T: 一顆蛀牙可以引起強(qiáng)烈的疼痛。
A bad tooth can cause acute pain.
Collocations: acute disease 急性病; acute anxiety 急劇焦慮; acute shortage 嚴(yán)重短缺; acute sense 敏銳的感覺; ac
22、ute mind 機(jī)智的頭腦
16. substance: n. a material; type of matter
e.g. The leaves were covered with a strange sticky substance.
T: 大氣中的有害物質(zhì)威脅著人們的健康。
Harmful substances in the atmosphere are threatening people’s health.
17. complex:
(1) a. consisting of many different parts and often difficult to
23、understand
e.g. A complex highway system is to be established in order to enhance the national transportation.
T: 隨著我們的工業(yè)和社會(huì)環(huán)境變得更加錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,供電可靠性方面的要求也與日俱增。
The demands for reliability of power supply increase daily as our industrial and social environment becomes more complex.
(2) n. a group of bui
24、ldings, or a large building with many parts, used for a particular purpose
e.g. They live in a three-story apartment complex.
CF: complex, complicated, sophisticated & intricate這些形容詞均含“復(fù)雜的”意思。
complex 強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)在關(guān)系的復(fù)雜，需通過仔細(xì)研究與了解才能掌握和運(yùn)用。
complicated與complex的含義接近，但語氣更強(qiáng)，著重極其復(fù)雜，很難分析、分辨或解釋。
sophisticated強(qiáng)調(diào)
25、事物達(dá)到高級(jí)的程度所體現(xiàn)出的復(fù)雜性。
intricate著重指錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，令人迷惑不解。
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1) Peter seemed to have a good understanding of the most complex/complicated issues.
2) Joan shows me the highly sophisticated computer software.
3) Mental illness
26、 is a very complicated subject.
4) The plot of the novel is intricate and fascinating.
5) The higher the level of competition, the more sophisticated the timing systems.
18. distinguish: v. makes someone or something different or special
e.g. The factor that distinguishes this company from
27、 the competition is customer service.
His attorney argued that he could not distinguish between right and wrong.
T: 他們找到了一種方法將癌細(xì)胞從正常組織中區(qū)分開來。
They have found a method of distinguishing cancer cells from normal tissue.
19. synthetic: a. produced by synthesizing; not naturally produced; artificial
28、
e.g. Among the synthetic fibres used in furnishing fabrics are nylon, polyester and acrylic.
T: 我們已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了從自然界提取原材料創(chuàng)造新的合成材料。
We have learned to extract raw materials from nature to create new synthetic materials.
20. glitter: vi. shine brightly with flashing points of light
e.g. The river glitter
29、ed in the sunlight.
T: 晨露在陽光下閃爍。
The morning dews glitter in the sun.
CF: flash, gleam & glitter這些動(dòng)詞都有“閃光，閃爍，閃亮”之意。
flash指突然發(fā)出隨即消失的閃光，如閃電的光。例如：
Lightning flashed overhead.
T: 閃電在頭頂閃光。
gleam指透過間隔物或映襯于較暗背景上的微弱光線。例如：
Day was by this time approaching, the west was dim, the east beginning to glea
30、m.
T: 這時(shí)，白晝逐漸到來，西面一片朦朧，東邊開始熠熠發(fā)光。
glitter指連續(xù)發(fā)出的閃爍不定的光。例如：
His blue eyes glittered with anger.
T: 他的藍(lán)眼睛閃爍著憤怒的光芒。
21. cycle:
(1) n. a number of related events happening in a regularly repeated order
e.g. Sometimes the only way to break the cycle of violence in the home is for the wife to leave.
31、
(2) v. travel by bicycle; go through a series of related events again and again
e.g. He cycles to work everyday.
T: 水通過機(jī)器循環(huán)再利用。
The water is cycled through the machine and reused.
Collocations: break the cycle打破循環(huán); cycling tour騎車環(huán)游; cycle lane / path / route自行車道; life cycle生命周期
22. as yet: un
32、til now
e.g. The meeting will be held on an as yet undecided date.
T: 我們到現(xiàn)在還沒有科林的消息。
We’ve had no word from Colin as yet.
23. theme: n. the main subject or idea in a piece of writing, speech, film, etc
e.g. The book's theme is the conflict between love and duty.
T: 林奇的大部分畫作是關(guān)于同一主題的不同變體。
Most
33、 of Lynch’s pictures were variations on the same theme.
CF: issue, theme & topic這些名詞均有“主題、話題”之意。
issue指有爭(zhēng)論、急需討論研究的熱點(diǎn)話題。
theme正式用詞，多指文學(xué)、藝術(shù)作品的主題或論文、演說的主題。
topic 普通用詞，含義廣泛，既可指文章、講話的題目，談話的內(nèi)容，又可指提綱中的標(biāo)題甚至段落的主題或中心思想。
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
34、
(1) Capital punishment is a highly controversial issue.
(2) Their story echoes the central theme in Part 1 of this book Principles.
(3) Global warming and youth crime are the key issues in the election campaign.
(4) The wedding has been the only topic of conversation for weeks.
24. thre
35、aten: be a danger or threat to; seem likely (to harm, spoil, ruin, etc.)
e.g. He threatened to take them to court.
T: 這一事件將有損他的聲譽(yù)。
The incident threatens to ruin his reputation.
25. apt: a.
1) exactly suitable
e.g. “Love at first sight” is a very apt description of how he felt when he saw her
36、.
T: 懲罰應(yīng)當(dāng)與罪行相適應(yīng)。
The punishment should be apt for the crime.
2) having a natural tendency to do something
e.g. Some of the staff are apt to arrive late on Mondays.
iii. Teacher guides students through some after-text exercises.
iv. Students do the Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
v. Teacher asks students to preview the next unit.
5
綜合教程4 Book 4 Unit 1教案
