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1、第二步通覽全局,寫作分類突破第一講如何寫概要,,一、題型特點,讀寫任務型作文的寫作內(nèi)容一般分為兩個部分,即寫作內(nèi)容一為概括短文大意,以及寫作內(nèi)容二,就某個主題發(fā)表看法?!白x寫任務”是“讀”和“寫”的有機結合,“讀”的材料是為了后面的“寫”提供情景;同樣,“寫”也是對“讀”的材料的思考和延伸。,二、寫作技巧1.寫作步驟,摘要通常要求寫30詞左右,一般由“主題句支撐句”構成。寫作時可按以下步驟進行。(1)尋找關鍵詞。文章的關鍵詞可結合寫作內(nèi)容中的“就”主題發(fā)表自己的看法的要求來確定。如,要求你“以約120詞講述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的經(jīng)歷”,那么所閱讀的文章的主題詞就應是homesick。,(2
2、)確定主題句。文章的主題句首先可通過所給閱讀材料的標題來確定,閱讀材料的標題即是文章的論點或主題句。沒有標題的文章,我們就應注意第一段(總起段)和最后一段(總結段),或每一段的第一句或第二句(總起句)和最后一句(總結句)。沒有主題句的需要自己根據(jù)段落大意進行總結。(3)重構主題句。主題句要能概括全文中心,并能涵蓋后面支撐句的所有內(nèi)容。(4)重組支撐句。支撐句的意義在邏輯上受制于主題句,對主題句進行補充或者提供證據(jù)。,2.概括的形式:“主題句支撐句”即“主題主題的什么”,名師點津寫概要時不要照搬原文中的句子,而必須用自己的話來轉述。概括可采用總分的形式,即第一句話是主題句,清楚明白地告訴讀者文章
3、的主要內(nèi)容(這句話舉足輕重),后面的句子對主題句進行解釋和支撐,主題之外的內(nèi)容要毫不吝嗇地予以剔除。,【典例示范】請閱讀下面短文,并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。,(江蘇卷)Whenwereadnewspapers,weofteneacrosssuchEnglishwordsas“AIDS”and“PK.”WhenwewatchTV,wefrequentlyhearwordslike“NBA”or“PM2.5.”Whenwespeak,weautomaticallyusewordslike“OUT”or“Bye-bye.”Englishwordsandexpressionsliket
4、hesearegettingpopular.Theyhavealreadybeepartofourdailylanguage.And239EnglishwordshavebeenincludedinthelatestDictionaryofContemporaryChinese.,Theinclusionhasstartedaheateddiscussion.AgroupofscholarssignedaletterofplaintovertheinclusionoftheseEnglishwords,which,theythink,goesagainstChineselanguagepoli
5、cies.TheynotonlyworrythatChineseisborrowinganincreasingnumberofEnglishwordsbutarealsoconcernedthattheinclusionmayhurtthedignityoftheChineselanguage.However,othersareinfavoroftheinclusionbecauseitishardtosaywhetheritwillthreatentheChineselanguage.Theybelievetheselectionismostlyaresultoftheirfunctiona
6、nduseindailylife.,寫作內(nèi)容1.用約30個單詞寫出上文概要;2.用約120個單詞發(fā)表你的觀點,內(nèi)容包括:(1)支持或反對漢語詞典收錄英語詞匯;(2)用23個理由或論據(jù)支撐你的觀點。寫作要求1.可以支持文中任一觀點,但必須提供理由或論據(jù);2.闡述觀點或提供論據(jù)時,不能直接引用原文語句;3.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱;4.不必寫標題。,評分標準內(nèi)容完整,語言規(guī)范,語篇連貫,詞數(shù)適當。參考范文1Today,moreandmoreEnglishwordsfindtheirwayintotheChineselanguage.EventheDictionaryofContempora
7、ryChineseincludes239Englishwords.Somepeoplesupportitwhileothersdonot.參考范文2WithEnglishwordsgettingpopularinbothmediaanddailylife,aChinesedictionaryhasincluded239ofthem,leavingthepublicdividedintotwoopposinggroups:“For”and“Against.”,能力提升練1閱讀下面的短文,然后以約30個詞概括下文的主要內(nèi)容。(2018江蘇張家港市模擬)Johnwastravelingbyshipt
8、oEuropewhenaterriblestormcame.Agreatleakwasfillingtheshipwithwater.Nomatterhowhardthesailorsandpassengersworkedatthepumps,thewaterwasstillrising.Theshipwassinkingfast.Thereseemedtobenohope.Butthecaptaintoldthemnottogiveuphope.Hesaidthattherewashopesolongastheshipremainedabovewater.Hepromisedthatifth
9、eydidntgiveuphope,hewouldlandthemsafely.Thecaptainspowerfulwillmovedthemall.Intheendhedidlandthemsafely.,Aftertheylanded,Johnfoundthecaptaintoshowhisappreciation.Buttohissurprise,thecaptainsaidtohimthathewastheboyof30yearsagowhoboughtageographybookinhisbookstore.Johnsuddenlythoughtoftheboy.Atthattim
10、etheboydidnthaveenoughmoney,buthehadgonefromshoptoshopandbelievedhecouldgetwhathewanted.Finally,hemadeit.Now,itwasthesamewillpowerofhimthatsavedthelivesofallthepassengers.,參考范文Inthestory,acaptainalwaysinsistedondoingsomething,evenwhenhewasalittleboy.Inonevoyage,itwasjusthiswillpowerthatmadehimsaveal
11、lthepassengerslives.,能力提升練2閱讀下面短文,然后以約30個詞概括下文的主要內(nèi)容。(2018江蘇鹽城阜寧一中學情調研)StudentsinChinaspendalotoftimelearningEnglish.Butmostofthemcannotuseittomunicate.Someexpertsthinkthereasonliesinthetestingsystem,becausethecurrentEnglishtestingsysteminChinaputstoomuchpressureonstudentstogethighmarksandpaynoattent
12、iontothedevelopmentoftheiroverall(全面的)languageabilities.Consideringthis,recentlymanyexpertsarecallingforreforms(改革)oftheEnglishlanguagetestingsystemtomakeitmoreeffectivelytodevelopactuallanguageabilities.TheysaychangesarenecessaryforthedevelopmentofthenationalEnglisheducationsystem.,參考范文Recently,the
13、topicofwhetherEnglishtestsystemshouldbechangedhascausedaheateddiscussion.Manypeoplethinkthecurrenttestingsystempreventsstudentsfromdevelopingoveralllanguageabilitiesandthereforeargueforareform.,能力提升練3閱讀下面短文,然后以約30個詞概括下文的主要內(nèi)容。(2018江蘇鹽城市高三聯(lián)考)ChenYifan,thestudentfromalocalseniorhighschool,hitaBMWcarpar
14、kingalongthestreetwhenhewaspassingbyonabicycleonFebruary4,leavingtherearviewmirrorbrokenandseveralscratchesoverthebodyofthecar.Chenleftaletterofapologytothecarowner,togetherwithanenvelopeof311yuanhehadearnedfrompart-timejobsduringthewinterholiday.Heputthemattheinsideofadoorhandle.,Thecarownersurname
15、dXuefoundtheletterandcashthenextdayandgotsotouchedbyChenshonesty.WiththehelpoflocalpoliceXuelocatedthestudentonFebruary10inthehopeofreturningthemoney.HetoldthepolicethathealsowantstofundChenseducationifthefamilycannotaffordit.OnFebruary11,Chensmother,afterknowingwhathersonhaddone,voluntarilycontacte
16、dXuetryingtopensatefortherepairof13,000yuan.ButXueturnedherdownfirmly.Thenextday,XuesdaughtervisitedChensfamilywithagrantof10,000yuanforhiseducation.,參考范文ChenYifanandhismomdecidedtopayalltheycouldaffordforpensationafterChenaccidentallybumpedintoaparkedBMW.Movedbyhisdeed,thecarownerdeclinedandofferedtosponsorChenseducation.,