江蘇省句容市后白中學(xué)中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞的語態(tài) 牛津版

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1、江蘇省句容市后白中學(xué)中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞的語態(tài) 牛津版 【要點(diǎn)提示】 概念：語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。 種類：英語動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。 考查熱點(diǎn)：中考對(duì)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的考查主要集中在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法上。其構(gòu)成為“助動(dòng)詞be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”，通過變化助動(dòng)詞be體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)。 初中階段需要掌握的被動(dòng)語態(tài)如下： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am / is / are + 過去分詞 一般過去時(shí) was / were + 過去分詞 一般將來時(shí) will / shall be + 過去分詞 情態(tài)

2、動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + 過去分詞 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have / has been + 過去分詞 【拓展】 1． 雙賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。含雙賓語的句子由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，可把指人的間接賓語用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，也可把指物的直接賓語用作主語，但此時(shí)須在間接賓語前加上介詞to或for。常用to的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive, tell, lend, send, show, pass, hand等；常用for的動(dòng)詞有borrow, make, buy等。 2． 復(fù)合賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。若主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子為“主語 ＋ 謂語 ＋ 賓語 ＋ 賓補(bǔ)”這種含復(fù)合賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)只能“賓作主”，而賓補(bǔ)不變。其中，m

3、ake / hear (watch, see ...) sb. do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)為“sb. + be的適當(dāng)形式 + made / heard (watched, seen ...) to do sth.”。 3． 短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。有些短語動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，其后可接賓語，因此它們也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但短語動(dòng)詞是個(gè)不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不可丟掉其后的介詞或副詞。 根據(jù)近幾年對(duì)語態(tài)考查的分析，編了這樣幾句口訣：時(shí)態(tài)一，語態(tài)二，賓變主，主變賓，by短語，后面跟。謂語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后添“過分”。 【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】 Ⅰ. 請(qǐng)從各題后所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最

4、佳答案。 ( )1. —Did you go to Sam’s weekend party? —No, I ____________. A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite ( )2. The letter ____________in Japanese. I can’t read it. A. is writing B. is written C. wrote D. writes ( )3. —Susan, why are you stil

5、l here? They are all ready to start. —I’m sorry, but I _______________when to meet. A. am not told B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told ( )4. Today computers _______________in both cities and towns. A. were using B. are used C. were used D. are using ( )5. A new supermarket _

6、____________in my home town next month. A. will built B. will be built C. is built D. builds ( )6. —Alice, you ______________on the phone. —I’m coming. Thanks. A. want B. are wanted C. were wanted D. have wanted ( )7. Personal computers ____________ in 1976. They have change

7、d the whole world. A. have been invented B. are invented C. were invented D. will be invented ( )8. —Your skirt is nice and looks different from other girls’. —Thanks. My mother ____________ it last month. A. was made B. has made C. has been made D. made ( )9. I know she wo

8、n’t come to join us unless she __________ to. A. tells B. will be told C. is told D. was told ( )10. James is my friend. He __________ Jim for short. A. calls B. is called C. called D. is calling ( )11. English ____________ in Canada, Australia and New Zealand as well

9、as America and Britain. A. speaks B. is speaking C. is spoken D. spoke ( )12. The window ___________ten minutes ago, and the room is bright now. A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaned D. will clean ( )13. Today I can’t go to work. My sick mother should __________. A. be taken

10、 good care B. be taken good care of C. take good care D. take good care of ( )14. —I ___________ your recorder. It works now. —Thank you very much. A. have been repaired B. will repair C. have repaired D. was repaired ( )15. We’ll have three days off if the work ________ toda

11、y. A. finishes B. can finish C. was finished D. can be finished ( )16. —How often___________ your school sports meeting ________? —Once a year. A. were, held B. are, held C. was, held D. is, held ( )17. The watch I lost yesterday__________ in my drawer. A. has fou

12、nd B. found C. has been found D. had been found ( )18. More trees must___________ in North China every year to stop the wind. A. be planted B. plant C. planted D. are planted ( )19. Traditional Beijing opera__________ to the music courses in middle school in th

13、e future. A. will add B. will be added C. adds D. was added ( )20. In our school, the books from the library within two weeks. A. return B. must return C. will return D. must be returned ( )21. —This picture___________ to a museum in New York in 2008.

14、 —Yes, it cost a lot. A. has been sold B. will be sold C. is sold D. was sold ( )22. The children _____________not to smoke. A. are told B. told C. tell D. are telling ( )23. A lot of tall buildings ____________ near our house so far. A. have been built B. are

15、built C. have built D. were built ( )24. Jim doesn’t have to be made_________. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning ( )25. —What was the result of the football match? —Bad luck. Our team_____________. A. beat B. won C. was beaten D.

16、 has won Ⅱ. 請(qǐng)將主動(dòng)語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)互換，每空一詞。 1. Chinese is spoken by more and more foreigners now. _________ __________ _________ __________ ________ _______now. 2. The twins ate up all the bananas on the plate. All the bananas on the plate_________ __________ up by the twins. 3. We must finish the work in

17、two hours. The work ___________ __________ ___________ in two hours. 4. Thousands of houses in that area were destroyed by the earthquake. _________ __________ _________ __________ ________ ________in that area. 5. Beijing has hosted the 29th Olympic Games successfully. The 29th Olympic Ga

18、mes __________ ____________ __________ successfully by Beijing. 6. The girl copies a poem every week. A poem _____________ ____________ by the girl every week. 7. The classroom should be cleaned by the students every day. The students ___________ ___________ __________ ___________ every day.

19、 8. My father gave my cousin a nice gift on her birthday. A nice gift ___________ ____________ ___________my cousin by my father on her birthday. 9. All the people in the room laughed at him because of his new hairstyle. He ___________ _____________ ___________ ______________ all the people i

20、n the room because of his new hairstyle. 10. I heard a boy cry in the next room just now. A boy ___________ ___________ ____________ ____________ in the next room just now. Ⅲ. 請(qǐng)根據(jù)句意及所給詞，用其正確語態(tài)填空。 1. The kitchen _____________ (clean) every day by my mother. 2. Lily’s sister ___________ (make)

21、breakfast for herself every morning. 3. Many songs __________ (sound) very beautiful. 4. Sometimes the best and most beautiful things in the world can not _____________(see), but can_____________ (feel). 5. Things should__________ (keep) here before you enter the Water Cube. 6. Those students __

22、___________ (ask) to speak at the meeting tomorrow. 7. The window of the classroom __________ (break) by Mike yesterday. 8. How do you make your room____________ (look) nice? 9. A book must___________(read) more than once if you want to understand it better. 10. Where to build the new hospital _

23、__________ (not decide) yet. 參考答案 動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí) Ⅰ. 1-5 BBDBB 6-10 BCDCB 11-15 CCBCD 16-20 DCABD 21-25 DAABC Ⅱ. 1. More and more foreigners speak Chinese 2. were eaten 3. must be finished 4. The earthquake destroyed thousands of houses 5. has / have be

24、en hosted 6. is copied 7. should clean the classroom 8. was given to 9. was laughed at by 10. was heard to cry Ⅲ. 1. is cleaned 2. makes 3. sound 4. be seen, be felt 5. be kept 6. will be asked 7. was broken 8. look 9. be read 10. hasn’t been decided