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1、錦山實驗中學(xué) Book1 高一外語組：王春華 2011年10月
語法專題講解：句子成分
句子成分：組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。其中包括：
主要成分：主語 謂語
次要成分：表語 賓語 賓語補足語 主語補足語 定語 狀語 同位語
㈠主語(sub)：句子所陳述的主體。一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。
讀下面的句子標(biāo)出
2、主語并總結(jié)能夠做主語的詞。
1.Honesty is the best quality. 2.Nobody can help you.
3.Four and five makes nine. 4.The sick and the old need our help.
5.The wounded should be sent to hospital.
3、 6.To become a nurse is my wish.
7.Running is good for health. 8.Between six and seven in the morning is the best time.
9.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
10.It is necessary to master a foreign language.
4、 11.There is a teacher and 3students.
總結(jié)：
㈡謂語（v.）: 表示主語的動作，行為或所處的狀態(tài)。（謂語有人稱和數(shù)的變化）動詞及動詞短語常在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。
觀察下面的句子總結(jié)謂語動詞的構(gòu)成。
1. He practices running every morning. / The plane takes off at 8 o’clock.
2. You may keep the book for two weeks. / He has caught a bad cold.
3. Our school becomes more b
5、eautiful.
總結(jié)謂語動詞的構(gòu)成。
?1、簡單謂語：
?2、復(fù)合謂語：
㈢表語(pred.): 系動詞后用來說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)或身份等。
系動詞的類別：
狀態(tài)系動詞：be (is am are was were) seem smell sound taste feel touch stay(保持) remain (依然) look （看上去） appear （顯得） keep（保持）continue (繼續(xù)) stand (以某種方式矗立著)
結(jié)果（轉(zhuǎn)變）系動詞：become grow(長得) come(成為) prove(證明) get (變
6、得) turn (變得) fall (變?yōu)? go （變得）
觀察下面的句子總結(jié)哪些詞可以做表語：
1. It becomes a major problem. 2. I am not myself today.
3.He was the first to leave. 4.The lights are on.
5.Wasting time is killing yourself.
7、 6.The book is interesting.
7.The leaves grow yellow. 8.I am much worried about her health.
9.My wish is to become a nurse. 10.I am at work now.
11.This is where we disagree.
總結(jié)：
㈣賓語(obj.):表示動作的對象或承愛者，一
8、般位于及物動詞和介詞后 面。
觀察下面的句子總結(jié)哪些詞可以作賓語：
1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday.?
2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
3.?How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.
4.?They helped the old with their housework yesterday.
5.?He pretended not to see me.
9、 6. I enjoy listening to popular music.
7.?I think（that）he is fit for his office. 8. I can’t decide when to start the job.
總結(jié)：
賓語的種類：
雙賓語：直接賓語 間接賓語
同源賓語： laugh a…laugh dream a … dream blow a…blow smile a … smile
s
10、ing a … song live a… life
賓語補足語(obj.-c) : 英語中有些及物動詞（包括介詞with），除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。
帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：及物動詞+賓語+賓補(賓語+賓補也叫復(fù)合賓語)
觀察下面的句子總結(jié)那些詞可以做賓補：
1. She used to sleep with the windows open. 2. We made him our monitor.
3.He made the class over. 4.
11、 The parents let their children in their bedroom.
5. I get him to do this job by himself. 6.I found him wondering along the street.
7.I got my car repaired. 8.I don’t know when the meeting will be held.
總結(jié)：
㈤定語(attributive)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以
12、下等成分表示：
觀察句子總結(jié)能做定語的詞：
1. Guilin is a beautiful city.
2. China is a developing country; America is a developed country.
3. There are thirty women teachers in our school.
4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
5. ?Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
6. ?The tea
13、ching plan for next term has been worked out.
7. ?He is reading an article about how to learn English.
8. The boy who is standing there is my brother.
總結(jié)：
定語的種類：前置定語 后置定語
多個形容詞作定語的順序：
㈥狀語(adv.): 修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分。
觀察下面的句子總結(jié)做狀語的詞：
1. Light travels most quickly.
14、 2.?He has lived in the city for ten years.
3.?He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.
4.?He is in the room making a model plane. 5.Wait a minute.
6.?Once you begin, you must continue.
總結(jié)：
觀察下面的句子總結(jié)狀語的種類：
1.?How
15、about meeting again at six? 2.Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
3.?I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 4.?Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.
5.?She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 6.?She came i
16、n with a dictionary in her hand.
7.?In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
8.?He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.? 9. She works very hard though she is old.
?10. I am taller than he is.
總結(jié)：
㈦同位語：是在名詞或代詞之后的并列名詞或代詞或名詞短語對前者加以說明的成分，在語法上與前者處于同等地位。
觀察下面的句子總結(jié)
17、做同位語的詞：
1.We students should study hard. 2. We each will have a chance to travel by air.
3. Are you three ready? 4. The news that we will have a holiday tomorrow is true.
總結(jié)：
㈧獨立成分：有時句子中會有一些與句子沒有語法聯(lián)系的成分，稱為句子獨立成分
感嘆詞：oh, hello, aha, ah, there！(得了得了)come on！hi 等。
18、
肯定詞yes 否定詞no 稱呼語：mum, dad，Mary ,John 。
插入語：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe, Believe it or not 等。
情態(tài)詞,表示說話人的語氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語）:perhaps也許,maybe大 概,actually實際上,certainly當(dāng)然，等。
4
Achievement comes from hard work. 成就源于付出。
句子成分 句子類型句子結(jié)構(gòu) - 副本1
