高中英語 Unit 1 section 2 Learning about Language課件 新人教版選修8.ppt

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A land of diversity,Unit 1,Section Ⅱ Learning about Language,Unit 1,Ⅰ.詞匯過關(guān) 1．________ adj. 人種的，種族的→________ n. 種族；賽跑 2．_________ n. 申請人→__________ n. 申請→________ v. 申請；應(yīng)用 3．________ n. 海關(guān)，關(guān)稅→________ n. 風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗 4．________ n. 社會主義者→________ n. 社會主義→________ adj. 社會的；社交的 5．________ vi. 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；突然想起→同義詞：________，__________，________，___________,racial,race,applicant,application,apply,customs,custom,socialist,socialism,social,occur,happen,take place,break out,come about,Ⅱ.短語自查 1．______________ 申請 2．______________ 組成 3．____________ 突然想到 4．____________ 除了,apply for,consist of,occur to,except for,Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式 1．It didn't ____________ me that. 是的，我沒想到…… 2．______________________________________________ seemed as if it would take no time at all! 從一個大國穿越到另一個大國看起來似乎毫不費時。,occur to,To make the crossing between these two great countries,Ⅳ.語法練習(xí) 用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空 1．________surprises me most is that he is too vain. 2．________cars will be parked in the future is a question. 3．________we will have a picnic depends on the weather. 4．________part of the country he will travel to needs discussing. 5．It has not been decided________will attend the meeting. 6．It is reported________a new film will be put on in the cinema.,7．________Mike didn't turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy. 8．________the President will attend the party or not is kept a secret. 9．It is necessary________he should learn about the whole matter. 10．________the little boy died in a baby-sitter center in Yuxi of Yunnan Province remains a mystery now. 答案：1.What 2.Where 3.When 4.Which 5.who 6．that 7.That 8.Whether 9.that 10.Why,1.delight (1)不可數(shù)名詞“高興，愉快”；可數(shù)名詞“樂事，令人高興的事情”。 She won the game easily, to the delight of all her fans. 她很輕松地贏得了這場比賽，令她所有的粉絲都很高興。 This guitar is a delight to play. 這個吉他彈起來很愜意。 (2)用作及物動詞“使高興，愉快”。 His coming delighted all of us. 他的到來使我們都很高興。,知識拓展 英語中有一些抽象名詞，在一定的語境下可以轉(zhuǎn)化為表示具體意義的名詞，前面可以加不定冠詞，即抽象名詞具體化，可以這樣用的名詞還有： success(成功的人/事)；failure(失敗的人/事)；surprise(令人驚訝的人/事)；shame(帶來恥辱的人/事)；comfort(令人感到安慰的人/事)；worry(令人感到煩惱的人/事)；beauty(美人或美麗的事)；envy(令人羨慕的人/事)；shock(令人感到震驚的人/事)；regret(令人感到遺憾的人/事)；pleasure(令人感到高興的人/事)等等。 I want to give you a surprise. 我想給你一個驚喜。,(3)delight相關(guān)的短語： be delighted at/by. 因……而高興 be delighted with. 喜歡…… take/find delight in. 以……為樂 be in high delight 非常高興 to one's delight 使某人高興的是……＝to the delight of sb. with delight 高興地 I am delighted at the news. 聽到這個消息我很高興。 You can find delight in reading. 你可以以讀書為樂。,活學(xué)活用 完成句子 (1)使我高興的是我可以為上海世博會做些事情了。 ________ ________ ________，I can do something for the Shanghai World Expo. (2)把我的壓歲錢捐給貧窮兒童是件很愜意的事情。 Donating my lucky money to the poor children is________ ________. (3)在新年晚會上，所有的孩子又唱又跳，非常高興。 In the New Year's party，all the children are singing and dancing，________ ________ ________.,答案：(1)To my delight (2)a delight (3)in high delight,2．a(chǎn)pplicant n. 申請人 There were five applicants for the position. 有5個人申請那個職位。 知識拓展 ①apply vi. 申請；適用 vt. 應(yīng)用；運用 ②apply for 申請；請求 He has applied for a post in England. 他已申請在英國供職。 ③apply to 適用于 What you said doesn't apply to me. 你所說的并不適合我。,④apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力做…… ⑤applied adj. 應(yīng)用的；適用的 ⑥application n. 應(yīng)用；申請；申請表 What you said doesn't apply to me. 你所說的并不適合我。 He has applied for a post in England. 他已申請在英國供職。,活學(xué)活用 補全句子 我哥哥在北京申請了一份不錯的工作。 My elder brother________ ________ ________ ________ ________in Beijing. 答案：applied for a well-paid job.,3．occur vi. 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；存在于 The tragedy occurred only minutes after take-off. 這一悲劇在起飛后幾分鐘內(nèi)就發(fā)生了。,知識拓展,It occurred to me to visit my parents. 我突然想去探望父母。 A good idea comes to me. 我突然想到一個好主意。 注意：occur通常和介詞to搭配，表示“某人想起，想到”。,It occurred to me to visit my parents. 我突然想去探望父母。 A good idea comes to me. 我突然想到一個好主意。 注意：occur通常和介詞to搭配，表示“某人想起，想到”。,比較網(wǎng)站 occur，happen，come about，take place與break out 在表示“發(fā)生”時這些詞均為不及物動詞，均沒有被動語態(tài)形式。,活學(xué)活用 (1)用上面四個詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空 ①How did it________that people refused to buy watermelon? ②Should nuclear war________， what would become of human beings? ③When and where will the meeting____________？ ④It________to me that we should write to our parents now and them. 答案：①come about ②break out ③take place ④occured,(2)Does it ever________you to use your sight to see into the inner nature of a friend or acquaintance? A．happen to B．occur to C．refer to D．contribute to 答案：B 句意：你曾想到用你的視覺去探視一位朋友或認(rèn)識的人的內(nèi)在本性嗎？Did it ever occur to you that.？為固定表達，表示“你可曾想到……？”,consist of 由……組成(或構(gòu)成) ①The society consists of 30 members. 這個協(xié)會有30個會員組成。 ②Their diet consisted largely of vegetables. 他們的日常飲食以蔬菜為主。,知識拓展 consist in 存在于，在于 consist with 并存；一致；符合 ①True education does not consist in simply being taught facts. 真正的教育并不在于簡單地講授知識。 ②As is known to all, theory should consist with practice. 眾所周知，理論應(yīng)與實踐相一致。,活學(xué)活用 (1)補全句子 考試分兩部分：筆試和口試。 The exam consists________two parts: a written test and an oral. 答案：of,(2)In many American universities, the total work for a degree________thirty-six courses, each________for one semester(學(xué)期)． A．is consisted of; lasts B．consists of; lasting C．is made up of; lasts D．make up of; lasting,答案：B 句意：在許多美國大學(xué)里，獲得一個學(xué)位需要學(xué)習(xí)36門課程，每門課程則需一學(xué)期。 consist of表示“由……組成(或構(gòu)成)”；不能用于進行時態(tài)以及被動語態(tài)。第二空考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法，“代詞each＋現(xiàn)在分詞短語lasting for one semester”在句中擔(dān)任狀語，起補充說明作用。,To make the crossing between these two great countries seemed as if it would take no time at all! 從一個大國穿越到另一個大國看起來似乎毫不費時！ 本句是一個主從復(fù)合句，不定式作主語，seemed后跟的是as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。seem的意思是“似乎，好像，仿佛，看來”，現(xiàn)將其用法歸納如下： ①seem (to be)＋名詞/形容詞 ②seem＋不定式(不定式有時用進行時或完成時) ③seem＋like＋名詞,④It seems that.看起來……，似乎…… ⑤There seems (to be)．似乎有…… ⑥It seems as if/though.似乎……(從句常用虛擬語氣，如果所述情況實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，則從句用陳述語氣) It seems as if somebody is calling you. 好像有人在叫你。(陳述語氣) It seems as though he were very stupid. 他似乎很笨。(虛擬語氣) Mary seems (to be) a very clever girl. 瑪麗看上去是一個非常聰明的女孩。,活學(xué)活用 (1)補全句子 你好面熟，我似乎在什么地方見過你。 You look familiar to me.I seem________ ________ ________you somewhere. 答案：to have seen,(2)According to the shopping list, ________ a dozen socks. A．there seems to be B．there seem to be C．there seem to have D．it seems to be 答案：B there seem(s) to be.“似乎有……”，seem的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由后面的名詞決定。,名詞性從句用作主語、賓語和表語 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞(詞組)。它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語以及同位語。因此，根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句以及同位語從句。,新課標(biāo)語法,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可以分為三類：① 連接詞：that, whether，if (不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分)；② 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which(在句中擔(dān)任主語，賓語或定語)；③ 連接副詞：when, where, how, why(在句中擔(dān)任狀語，表示時間、地點、方式或原因)。,Ⅰ.名詞性從句的分類： 1．主語從句 主語從句是在復(fù)合句中擔(dān)任主語的句子；通常位于句末，句首則采用it作形式主語。注意，what引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不用it作形式主語。 1)常以it作形式主語的句型有： ①It is＋形容詞＋that. It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。,②It is＋名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, common knowledge, a surprise, a fact, etc.)＋that. It's a pity that we can't go. 很遺憾我們不能去。 ③It is＋過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)＋that. It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted. 有人建議應(yīng)做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。,④It appears/seems that.|It happens that.|It occurred to me that.|It turned out that. It turned out that nobody remembered the address. 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)沒人記得這地址。 ⑤It doesn't matter that.|It makes no difference that. It doesn't matter whether she will come or not. 她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。 2)當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。 Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎？,3)當(dāng)主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。 How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪！,2．賓語從句 主從復(fù)合句中起賓語作用的從句稱為賓語從句。學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句應(yīng)該注意以下幾點。 1)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that一般可以省略，但是在及物動詞之后跟有兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，只有第一個that可以省略。 ①Glancing at her scornfully, he told her(that) the dress was sold. 他輕蔑地看了她一眼，告訴她說那件衣服賣了。,②The teacher said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 老師說課文非常重要，我們應(yīng)該背下來。 2)表示“心理活動”的形容詞：afraid, anxious, aware, ashamed, annoyed, certain, confident, content, convinced, determined, disappointed, glad, happy, proud, pleased, sure, surprised, satisfied, thankful, worried等可以后接賓語從句。 ①He was afraid that he would lose. 他擔(dān)心會輸。,②I am sure that I put the money in the box. 我肯定把錢放在盒子里了。 3)若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式，這種現(xiàn)象稱為“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”現(xiàn)象(此時主語往往為第一人稱，偶爾為第三人稱；否定詞never, seldom, hardly, little無此用法)。 ①I don't think his decision is wise in reality. 實際上，我覺得他的決定并不明智。 ②I don't believe that he is a dishonest man. 我認(rèn)為他是個誠實的人。,4)在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope等動詞以及I'm afraid之后，可以采用so代替一個肯定的賓語從句，也可以采用not代替否定的賓語從句。 ①—Do you believe the news stories? —I believe so. “你相信這個新聞故事嗎？”“我相信?！?②—Has Anne got into university? —I am afraid not. “安妮上大學(xué)了嗎？”“恐怕是沒有。”,3．表語從句 在句中作表語的從句稱為表語從句；學(xué)習(xí)表語從句應(yīng)該注意以下幾點。 1)通常只用that引導(dǎo)表語從句的情況。 ①句子的主語為the reason時，表語從句采用that引導(dǎo)，表示原因，此時不用because。 The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了變質(zhì)的肉。,②句子的主語為the result時，表語從句采用that引導(dǎo)。 The result is that many of them become fat. 結(jié)果是他們中許多人發(fā)胖了。 ③由why引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時。 Why we decided to put off the match is that the weather was too terrible. 我們決定推遲比賽的原因是天氣太糟糕了。 2)as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句通常置于系動詞look, seem, sound, be等后面；表語從句既可以采用虛擬語氣，也可采用直陳語氣。,①It sounded as if somebody was knocking at/on the door. 聽起來好像有人在敲門。 ②She treats him as if he were a stranger. 她待他如陌生人。,Ⅱ.名詞性從句考點歸納： 1．名詞性從句必須采用陳述語序。 ①I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。 ②She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。,2．it充當(dāng)形式主語或賓語： 在名詞性從句中，為了使句子保持平衡，常用先行詞it來代替主語從句或賓語從句，而把主語從句或賓語從句放到后面，尤其是連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句常用于此句式中。 ①It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。 ②I find it strange that she doesn't want to travel. 她竟不想旅游， 我覺得很奇怪。,3．在名詞性從句中 that與what的差異： what在從句中要充當(dāng)某個成分(主語、賓語或表語)，在任何情況下都不能省略，表示“(＝the thing or things that.; whatever)……的事物； 無論什么；凡是……的事物”。that本身沒有詞匯意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，在口語和非正式文件中，賓語從句中的that常常省略。 ①What you have done might do harm to others. 你所做的事或許對別人有害處。 ②I spent what little time I had with my family. 我僅有的一點兒時間都和家人在一起度過了。,③No one knows what will happen next. 誰也不知道下一步有什么事。 ④I think(that) you will like the stamps. 我認(rèn)為你會喜歡這些郵票的。,4．whether和if的差異： 1)引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句，只能采用whether。 Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。 2)介詞賓語只用whether引導(dǎo)。 He was worrying about whether he had hurt her feeling. 他焦慮地想知道是否傷害了她的感情。,3)當(dāng)whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句位于句首表示強調(diào)時，不能被if替換。 Whether he will come or not, I am not sure. 我無法確認(rèn)他是否會來。 4)whether經(jīng)常與or not 直接連用，構(gòu)成whether or not。 I don't know whether or not he'll come. 我不知道他是來還是不來。 5)后接動詞不定式時只能用whether。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留？,6)動詞discuss后面只能接whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我們討論我們是否關(guān)閉這家商店。,5．賓語從句和主句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)： 1)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或?qū)頃r態(tài)時，賓語從句可以選擇適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)。 Will you tell me how I can keep fit? 能告訴我如何保持健康嗎？ 2)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞為過去時態(tài)時，為保持時態(tài)一致，賓語從句應(yīng)采用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。 Jack told me that he had been there twice. 杰克告訴我他去過那兒兩次了。,3)當(dāng)主句謂語為過去時態(tài)時，賓語從句表示客觀真理、客觀存在的事物、格言時， 仍然采用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Long ago, people knew that there are four seasons in a year. 很久以前，人們就知道一年有四個季節(jié)。,6．連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的含義： 1)whoever的用法： ①(＝the person or people who.)……的那個人 Whoever said that? 到底誰講的這話？ ②(＝any person who.)……的任何一個人 Tell whoever you like; it makes no difference to me. 你愿意告訴誰就告訴誰——對我來說都無所謂。,2)whatever的用法： ①(＝any or every)任何；每一 Take whatever action is needed. 采取任何必要的措施。 ②(＝anything or everything)任何事物；一切事物 You must do whatever is best for you. 什么對你最有利你就得做什么。 ③(表示做什么或發(fā)生什么都沒關(guān)系，因為結(jié)果都一樣)無論什么，不管什么 You have our support, whatever you decide. 不管你做何決定，都會得到我們的支持。,3)whichever的用法： ①(表示什么特征或品質(zhì)在作決定時重要)……的那個；……的那些 Take whichever hat suits you best. 挑個最適合你戴的帽子。 ②無論哪個；無論哪些 Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. 你們當(dāng)中不論哪個進來將會得到獎勵。,7．虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用： 1)主語從句 It is necessary that he(should)come to see us. 他有必要來看望我們。 2)賓語從句 The teacher suggested that we(should)have a rest. 老師建議我們休息一會兒。 3)表語從句 My suggestion is that we(should)read English newspapers to improve our English. 我的建議是我們應(yīng)該閱讀英文報紙來提高我們的英語水平。,8．it作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強調(diào)句的比較 it作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進行強調(diào)，無論強調(diào)的是什么成分，都用連詞that，被強調(diào)部分指人時也可用who/whom。 ①It's a pity that he missed the opportunity to travel abroad. 他錯過了去國外旅游的機會，真是可惜。 ②Who was it that won the World Cup in 2014? 誰贏得了2014年的世界杯？,典題賞析 1．(2014·北京)The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal. A．where B．when C．how D．why 答案：B 考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)主句中的名詞the best moment可知，空格處應(yīng)表示指時間的詞，故用when引導(dǎo)。句意：對于那個足球明星來說，最好的時刻就是他射中了制勝的一球而得分的那個時候。,2．(2014·福建)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do. A．that B．what C．how D．whether 答案：B 考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作do的賓語，故用what引導(dǎo)。句意：振作起來吧。勇氣能幫助你克服一切困難。,3．(2014·湖南)As John Lennon once said，life is________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. A．which B．that C．what D．where 答案：C 考查名詞性從句。所填詞引導(dǎo)表語從句，引導(dǎo)詞作從句的主語，指物，用what，故選C項。,4．(2014·山東)It is difficult for us to imagine________life was like for slaves in the ancient world. A．where B．what C．which D．why 答案：B 考查名詞性從句。句意：對我們來說，想象奴隸們在古代的生活是什么樣子是很難的?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)賓語從句，從句中be like后缺少表語，故用what引導(dǎo)。,5．(2014·四川)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said ，“That's ________ I was born.” A．when B．how C．why D．where 答案：D 本題考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：奶奶指著那家醫(yī)院說：“那就是我出生的地方。”when表示時間；how表示方式；why表示原因；where表示地點；由題干中的關(guān)鍵信息the hospital可知，此處是指“我出生的地方”，故要用where引導(dǎo)表語從句。,6．(2014·浙江)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is ________ my mother used to tell me. A．what B．how C．that D．whether 答案：A 本題考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：“每次你吃甜東西，喝點綠茶。”這是過去媽媽經(jīng)常對我說的話。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查的是表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。從句缺少tell的一個賓語，用what引導(dǎo)，故A項正確。how在句中作方式狀語；that只起連接作用，不作句子成分；whether是否，不作句子成分。,7．(2013·陜西)It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice. A．that B．which C．what D．whether 答案：D 本題考查名詞性從句。句意：那仍然得看新形成的委員會政策能否付諸實踐。it在此為形式主語，故seen后為真正的主語從句，又由remains to be seen可知存在不確定的意思，所以用whether是否。故選D項。,8．(2013·天津)________I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. A．That B．Which C．Whether D．What 答案：D 本題考查名詞性從句。句意：我想要告訴你的是我對我的父母的深深的愛與尊重。分析句子成分，is是系動詞，the deep love and respect是表語，is前的從句為主語從句。在這個主語從句中，tell后要跟雙賓語，所以tell you后缺一個賓語，名詞性從句缺賓語，要用what 來引導(dǎo)，故選D項。,9．(2013·重慶)________ struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son. A．That B．It C．What D．Which 答案：C 本題考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：電影中最打動我的是那位父親對他兒子的深深的愛。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，____struck me most in the movie為主語從句，從句缺少主語，用what引導(dǎo)。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，僅僅起連接作用，不作句子成分；it不能引導(dǎo)從句；which引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，可以作主語、賓語與表語，但是表示特指。由語境可知C項正確。,10．(2013·四川)________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. A．When B．How C．What D．That 答案：C 本題考查名詞性從句中連詞的用法。因為本題主語從句中said缺少賓語，而且主句中describes缺少主語，故選擇what作兼語成分。,Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空 1．________he will come hasn't been decided. 2．________we do must be in the interests of the people. 3．________surprised me most was that she didn't even know where the difference between the two lines. 4．It worried her a bit________her hair was turning grey. 5．The difficulty we now meet with is________we can persuade him to tell us the truth. 6．Pudong Developmental Zone is no longer________it used to be.,7．He was born in 1821 in a rich family in________is now the state of Virginia. 8. We haven't decided to take your proposal yet. All depends on________it is practical. 9．________made the school proud was ________more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities. 10．I was surprised by her words，________made me recognize________silly mistakes I had made. 答案：1.Whether/How/When 2.Whatever 3.What 4．that 5.how 6.what 7.what 8.whether 9.What；that 10.which；what,Ⅱ.將下列句子改為含有名詞性從句的復(fù)合句 1．English is being accepted as an international language.It is a fact. ________________________________________________ 2．It is generally considered unwise to give a child everything he or she wants. ________________________________________________ 3．It used to be a quiet village. I still remember that time. ________________________________________________,4．He is said to go abroad and marry an American girl next week. ________________________________________________ 5．He should report this accident to the police at once. This is my suggestion. ________________________________________________,答案：1. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 2．It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 3．I still remember when it used to be a quiet village. 4．It is said that he will go abroad and marry an American girl next week. 5．My suggestion is that he should report this accident to the police at once.,