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1、1跨文化交際黑龍江大學崔常亮老師跨文化交際黑龍江大學崔常亮老師chapter Communication and International CommunicationLearning Learning objectivesobjectives:Chapter 3 Communicationn n1.To know different definitions and 1.To know different definitions and components of communicationcomponents of communicationn n2.To identify the char
2、acteristics of 2.To identify the characteristics of communicationcommunicationn n3.To know the relationship between culture 3.To know the relationship between culture and communicationand communicationn n4.To know the definition and the four forms of 4.To know the definition and the four forms of in
3、tercultural communication.intercultural communication.第2頁/共46頁Chapter OutlineCommunication and Intercultural CommunicationCommunicationCulture and CommunicationIntercultural CommunicationCommunication DefinedComponents of CommunicationIntercultural Communication DefinedForms of Intercultural Communi
4、cationCharacteristics of CommunicationDynamicSystemicSymbolicIrreversibleTransactionalSelf-reflectiveContextual第3頁/共46頁Part IBackground&Lead-in(10 mins)第4頁/共46頁Lead-in Case:She Has Three HandsI.Read the case and retell the story.1.a Chinese doctor,a patient and a physiotherapist2.“Who took my peanut
5、 butter?”3.The Chinese woman felt accused.4.The patient felt pain and cried“ouch!”第5頁/共46頁n n“Oh,I didnt do that,”said the physiotherapist.“It was that doctor over there,”and he pointed to the Chinese woman.n n“How could she have done it since shes on the other side of the room?”the patient pointed
6、out.n n“Ah,she has three hands.”the physiotherapist replied.angry第6頁/共46頁Part IIBody(40min-50min)第7頁/共46頁1.1.The definition of communication 2.2.Components of communication Chapter 3 CommunicationText A Communication第8頁/共46頁COMMUNICATION.Communication is derived from the Latin word communicare,meani
7、ng to share with or to make common,so when we communicate we share our thoughts,hopes,and knowledge with others.第9頁/共46頁Western Perspective of communication Eastern perspective of communication 1.The definition of communication Chapter 3 Communication第10頁/共46頁Western Perspective of communication(西方人
8、的觀點）西方人的觀點）In western cultures,communication is studied as the means of transmitting ideas.Western cultures emphasize the instrumental function of communication;that is,effectiveness is evaluated in terms of success in the manipulation of others to achieve ones personal goal.Chapter 3 Communication第
9、11頁/共46頁Eastern perspective of Eastern perspective of communicationcommunication （東方人的觀點）（東方人的觀點）（東方人的觀點）（東方人的觀點）Definitions of communication from many Asian Definitions of communication from many Asian countries stress countries stress harmonyharmony,which is most notable in,which is most notable i
10、n cultures with a Confucian tradition.Eastern cultures cultures with a Confucian tradition.Eastern cultures understanding would define communication as a understanding would define communication as a process where all parties are searching to develop process where all parties are searching to develo
11、p and maintain a social relationship.and maintain a social relationship.Chapter 3 Communication第12頁/共46頁2.Components of communication A sender/source is the person who transmits a message.A message is any signal that triggers the response of a receiver.Encoding refers to the activity during which th
12、e sender must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message.Chapter 3 CommunicationEncoding（編碼）（編碼）Channel/Medium（渠道）Channel/Medium is the method used to deliver a message.Message（信息）（信息）Sender/Source（信息源）第13頁/共46頁Decoding（解碼）（解碼）Decoding is the activity during which the r
13、eceiver attaches meaning to the words or symbols he/she has received.Receiver（信息接收者）（信息接收者）A receiver is any person who notices and gives some meaning to a message.Feedback（反饋）（反饋）The response of a receiver to a senders message is called feedback.Noise（干擾）（干擾）Noise is a term used for factors that in
14、terfere with the exchange of messages,including external noise，physiological noise,psychological noise and semantic noise.Noise is inevitable.第14頁/共46頁(1)External Noise Sounds that distract communicators:voices in the next room;annoying ring of someones cell phone in a meeting;etc.Other types of ext
15、ernal noise that dont involve sound:an overcrowded room or a smelly cigar (2)Physiological Noise illnesses and disabilities(3)Psychological Noiseforces with the sender or receiver that interfere with understanding:egotism;hostility;preoccupation;fear;etc.(4)Semantic Noisecaused by using different la
16、nguages;the use of jargon;different understanding of the message delivered;etc.第15頁/共46頁THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS第16頁/共46頁Class activityClass activity Chapter 3 Communication Picture AnalysisWhat are the components of communication reflected in the following picture?第17頁/共46頁Text B Characteristics o
17、f Communication 第18頁/共46頁Pre-reading Task:Pre-reading Task:Teacher:Who can guess what it is a small animal with four legs that people often keep as a pet and can catch mice easily?第19頁/共46頁Communication is dynamic（動態(tài)的）（動態(tài)的）Communication is an ongoing activity.It is not fixed.A word or action does no
18、t stay frozen when you communicate;it is immediately replaced with yet another word or action.第20頁/共46頁b.Communication is systematic （系統(tǒng)性的）（系統(tǒng)性的）Communication does not occur in isolation or in a vacuum,but rather is part of a larger system.We send and receive messages not in isolation,but in a speci
19、fic setting.Setting and environment help determine the words and actions we generate.Dress,language,topic selection,and the like are all adapted to context.第21頁/共46頁c.Communication is symbolic（符號性的）（符號性的）Symbols are central to the communication process because they represent the shared meanings that
20、 are communicated.A symbol is a word,action,or object that stands for or represents a unit of meaning.Peoples behaviors are frequently interpreted symbolically,as an external representation of feelings,emotions,and internal states.第22頁/共46頁d.Communication is Communication is irreversibleirreversible
21、 （不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的）（不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的）（不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的）（不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的）Communication is an irreversible process.We can never undo what has already been done.Although we may try to qualify,negate,or somehow reduce the effects of our message,once it has been sent and received,the message itself cannot be reversed.第23頁/共46頁e.e.Communication is
22、 Communication is transactionaltransactional （交互式的交互式的交互式的交互式的）A transactional view holds that communicators are simultaneously sending and receiving messages at every instant that they are involved in conversations.第24頁/共46頁f.Communication is self-reflective（自省的）（自省的）Human beings have a unique abil
23、ity to think about themselves,to watch how they define the world,and to reflect on their past,present,and future.第25頁/共46頁g.g.Communication is Communication is contextualcontextual （情境的情境的情境的情境的）All communication takes place within a setting or situation called a context.By context,we mean the place
24、 where people meet,the social purpose for being together,and the nature of the relationship.Thus the context includes the physical,social,and interpersonal settings.第26頁/共46頁第27頁/共46頁ACTIVITY:GESTURES/FACIAL EXPRESSIONS ARE DETERMINED BY CULTURE第28頁/共46頁CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION The relationship bet
25、ween communication and culture:Communication and culture are two synonymous terms and they are inseparable.Culture is learned,acted out,transmitted,and preserved through communication.Culture inherently contain communication systems.第29頁/共46頁The relationship between culture and communication is comp
26、ared to the relationship between a map and a journey.How do you understand and interpret this simile?Answer:Cultures are both the maps of a place(the rules and conventions)and the journeys that take place there(actual practices).第30頁/共46頁n nThe way culture affects communication style:The way culture
27、 affects communication style:Each Each culture culture encourages encourages a a particular particular communication communication style style expected expected within within it.it.This This implies implies not not only only using using correct correct symbols,symbols,but but also also applying appl
28、ying the the appropriate appropriate communication communication style style for for the occasion.the occasion.Communication Communication styles styles include include mannerisms,mannerisms,phrases,phrases,rituals rituals and and communication communication customs customs appropriate appropriate f
29、or various situations in a culture.for various situations in a culture.Areas like loudness,pitch,rate,and certain stances Areas like loudness,pitch,rate,and certain stances and gestures characterize communication and gestures characterize communication behaviors.A specific culture expects an“ideal”b
30、ehaviors.A specific culture expects an“ideal”communication munication style.第31頁/共46頁Intercultural communication definedText DIntercultural communication refers to communication between people whose cultural perception and symbol system are distinct enough to alter the communication event.第32頁/共46頁F
31、orms of Intercultural communicationa.International Communication（國際交流）（國際交流）b.Interethnic Communication（跨種族交際）（跨種族交際）c.Interracial Communication（跨民族交際）（跨民族交際）d.intracultural Communication（文化內(nèi)交際）第33頁/共46頁International communication（國際交流）（國際交流）International communication takes place between Nations an
32、d governments rather than individuals;it is quite formal and ritualized(儀式化儀式化).United Nations Conference第34頁/共46頁Interracial communication 跨種族交際跨種族交際Interracial communication occurs when the sender and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races.第35頁/共46頁Interethnic communication（跨民族交
33、際）（跨民族交際）Interethnic communication refers to communication between people of the same race but different ethnic backgrounds.第36頁/共46頁第37頁/共46頁Intracultural communication 文化內(nèi)交際It is defined as communication between or among members of the same culture.第38頁/共46頁Part IIITask (at least 10 min)第39頁/共46頁P
34、lease match Column A with Column B.Please match Column A with Column B.Column A Column B 1.external noiseA.speaking grammar that the decoder can not understand2.physiological noiseB.nervousness about a public speech 3.psychological noise C.a serious cold 4.semantic noise D.a person speaking over the
35、 phone loudly 第40頁/共46頁Components of CommunicationsenderencodingcontextreceiverdecodingfeedbackchanelmessagenoiseWhat are the components of communication?第41頁/共46頁Case-analysis:Case-analysis:Why Dont You Eat The Why Dont You Eat The Pizza?Pizza?n nRead the Case and analyze it.Read the Case and analy
36、ze it.n n1.Kenneth,an American student.n n2.Vernon,a Malaysian student.n n3.They have dinner together and ordered pizza.n n4.Kenneth tore the pizza into pieces and handed to Vernon with his left hand.n n5.Vernon didnt eat it and refuse to explain why.n n6.They kept silent and eat without conversatio
37、n.第42頁/共46頁Analysis:n n This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication and how ignoring cultural differences can affect communication.n nIn Malaysia,where most people are Muslims,people think the left hand is used only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and c
38、an not be used to pass food.Knowing nothing about the cultural difference,the American student puts himself in an embarrassing situation.第43頁/共46頁Part IVPart IVSummary and HomeworkSummary and Homework3.Preview Chapter 31.Read Case 12 on P.57,Case 14 on p.61 and the summary on p.61.2.Finish the Checklist on p.58.第44頁/共46頁第45頁/共46頁感謝您的觀看！感謝您的觀看！第46頁/共46頁
跨文化交際黑龍江大學崔常亮老師chapterCommunication and International Communication
