RIP路由配置與原理

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1、Slide Title,,Body Text,,Second Level,,Third Level,,Fourth Level,,Fifth Level,,*,Cisxo Education Solution,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級,,第三級,,第四級,,第五級,,,*,*,RIP路由配置,,路由協(xié)議的基本概念與原理,,路由根本問題是要解決什么？,,數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的路徑,->,路由表,(show ip route),,源地址：信息包所在的源地址；,,目的地址：信息包所要達(dá)到的目的地址；,,路由：所有可能的路徑；,,路由選擇：選擇最佳路徑；并維護(hù)路由表，通過協(xié)議

2、進(jìn)行路由更新。,,路由器只知道與其直接相連的網(wǎng)絡(luò)或子網(wǎng),,,路由協(xié)議：路由算法完成路由選擇，傳遞信息，學(xué)習(xí)路由，更新路由表。,,路由協(xié)議的類型：,,內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議（,IGP,）；包括,RIP,，,IGRP,，,OSPF,，,EIGRP,，,IS-IS,等協(xié)議；,,外部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議（,BGP,）,,BGP,是一種域間路由選擇協(xié)議也稱為,EGP,,,路由選擇協(xié)議,,在,IGP,中，,RIP,是個廣泛使用的協(xié)議。,,RIP,也稱向量距離協(xié)議，用信息包所經(jīng)過的網(wǎng)關(guān)來做距離的單位，超過,15,跳便無法到達(dá)。,,IGRP,是,CISCO,專用的路由協(xié)議，可以服務(wù)于大型互連網(wǎng)絡(luò)，不受限于,15,跳的限制（,100

3、,跳）,19.2,kbps,T1,T1,T1,Hop,計算,,路由器每隔30秒更新,,最多支持相同,hop,數(shù)的6條路徑，實現(xiàn)負(fù)載均衡,RIP 概 述,,激活,RIP,協(xié)議,Router(config)#router rip,Router(config-router)#network,network-number,選擇直接連接的網(wǎng)絡(luò),,必須是有效的網(wǎng)絡(luò),RIP 配 置,,2.3.0.0,router rip,,network 172.16.0.0,,network 10.0.0.0,RIP 配置舉例,,router rip,,network 10.0.0.0,2.3.0.0,router

4、rip,,network 192.168.1.0,,network 10.0.0.0,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,,查看RIP信息,,RouterA#sh ip protocols,,Routing Protocol is "rip",,Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 0 seconds,,Invalid after 180 seconds, hold

5、down 180, flushed after 240,,Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is,,Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is,,Redistributing: rip,,Default version control: send version 1, receive any version,,Interface Send Recv Key-chain,,Ethernet0 1 1 2,,Serial2

6、1 1 2,,Routing for Networks:,,10.0.0.0,,172.16.0.0,,Routing Information Sources:,,Gateway Distance Last Update,,10.1.1.2 120 00:00:10,,Distance: (default is 120),,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,

7、E0,查看路由表,,,RouterA#sh ip route,,Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP,,D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area,,N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2,,E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP,,i -

8、 IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default,,U - per-user static route, o - ODR,,T - traffic engineered route,,,Gateway of last resort is not set,,,172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets,,C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0,,10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnet

9、s,,R 10.2.2.0 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2,,C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2,,R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,RIP的配置：,,啟用RIP：,,通告網(wǎng)絡(luò)，將A

10、.B.C.D加入到路由器上的RIP路由進(jìn)程中，并標(biāo)識該網(wǎng)絡(luò)為直接相連的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。,,2503(config)#router rip,,2503(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0,,2503(config-router)#,,觀察RIP的啟用：,,2503#show run,,顯示IP路由協(xié)議：,,2503#show ip protocols,,2.3.0.0,router rip,,network 172.16.0.0,,network 10.0.0.0,RIP Configuration Example,,router rip,,network 10.0.0.

11、0,2.3.0.0,router rip,,network 192.168.1.0,,network 10.0.0.0,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,,Verifying the Routing Protocol—RIP,,RouterA#sh ip protocols,,Routing Protocol is "rip",,Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in

12、 0 seconds,,Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240,,Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is,,Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is,,Redistributing: rip,,Default version control: send version 1, receive any version,,Interface Send Recv Key-chain,,E

13、thernet0 1 1 2,,Serial2 1 1 2,,Routing for Networks:,,10.0.0.0,,172.16.0.0,,Routing Information Sources:,,Gateway Distance Last Update,,10.1.1.2 120 00:00:10,,Distance: (default is 120),,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,

14、S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,Displaying the IP Routing Table,,,RouterA#sh ip route,,Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP,,D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area,,N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external typ

15、e 2,,E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP,,i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default,,U - per-user static route, o - ODR,,T - traffic engineered route,,,Gateway of last resort is not set,,,172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets,,C 172.16.1

16、.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0,,10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets,,R 10.2.2.0 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2,,C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2,,R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,

17、S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,缺省的管理距離,,直接連接：,0,,靜態(tài)路由：,1,（可以修改的）,,EIGRP,：,90,,IGRP,：,100,,OSPF,：,110,,RIP,：,120,,未知：,255,（最大值）,附錄：端口的IP配置,,2503#show run,,2503(config)#int s0,,2503(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.53 255.255.255.0,,2503(config-if)#clock rate 200000,,Unknown clock rate,

18、,(,只有,DCE,端可以設(shè)時鐘速率與帶寬,),,2503(config-if)#bandwidth 64000,,2503(config-if)#encapsulation hdlc,,2503(config-if)#no shut,（激活端口）,,（,HDLC,為,CISCO,路由設(shè)備默認(rèn)的協(xié)議封裝類型）,端口查看：,,2503#show int s0,,2503#show int,,Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up,,沒問題！,,Serial0 is,up,, line protocol is down,,請查看數(shù)據(jù)封裝協(xié)議，時鐘速率，是否激活,,

19、Serial0 is down, line protocol is down,,物理線路故障,,,,,,,,,浮動路由實驗,(RIP+,靜態(tài)路由,),R1,R2,R3,T1,56,k,T1,0,Hops,1,Hop,Path A,Path B,Hops,,實驗關(guān)鍵：,,1,、,RIP,的管理距離為,120,；靜態(tài)路由的管理距離為,121,,2,、指定備份接口，,,Int s0,,//,設(shè)置主要接口；,,Backup int bri8,,//,設(shè)置備份接口；,,Backup delay 5 20,,//,設(shè)置啟動和關(guān)閉時間；,Laboratory Exercise: Visual Objecti

20、ve,Branch office,,ISDN service,Cisco 3640,Cisco 1600,Central site,Frame Relay,Frame Relayservice,PRI,BRI,Frame Relay,Primary,Backup/ secondary,S0,S3/1,Bri 0,T1 1/0,Configure an ISDN backup that is enabled if primary Frame Relay connection fails,,項目.雙鏈路備份,,公司有一條電信,DDN,線路,,,還有一條聯(lián)通,DDN,,分配給我們的,IP,肯定是不同的,,,我們有很多基于,INTERNET,的應(yīng)用,.,,,問題,:,如何在兩條線路上做到線路間的相互備份,?,,,答：我大致明白了你的想法，如果只有一個域名的話這樣做比較困難；如果你有多個域名的話是可以的，當(dāng)用戶訪問一個不成功時，主動訪問第二個。這樣便可以容錯了。,從主鏈路到備份鏈路：,,用,SHOW,,BACKUP,查看備份線路狀態(tài)（下面表示連接已被激活）,可以看到路由表中的靜態(tài)路由被清除掉了，被第二線路的浮動靜態(tài)路由所代替。,下圖是主鏈路正常后的，變化結(jié)果！,,