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1、中考英語復(fù)習(xí)資料：數(shù)詞、冠詞考點(diǎn)集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練試題【考點(diǎn)直擊】1.不定冠詞 a 與 an 的用法2.定冠詞 the 的用法3.零冠詞4.基數(shù)詞的用法5.序數(shù)詞的用法【名師點(diǎn)睛】一.冠詞的用法冠詞是虛詞，放在名詞之前，用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。A(an)叫不定冠詞，the 叫定冠詞。A 用在輔音之前，an 用在元音之前。1.不定冠詞的用法(1)a 和 an 均用在單數(shù)名詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：John is a student.Mary is an English teacher.(2)指某一類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)。例如:A steel worker makes stee
2、l.Pass me an apple,please.(3)指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或何物。例如：A student wants to see you.A girl is waiting for you outside.(4)表示“每一”的意思，相當(dāng)于 every。例如：Take the medicine three times a day.They go to see their parents once a week.2.定冠詞用法 (1)特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：The book on the desk is an English dictionary.Beijing is
3、 the capital of China.(2)指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：Open the door,please.Jack is in the library.(3)上文提到過的人或事物。例如：Yesterday Johns father bought him a new bike.The bike cost him 200 yuan.(4)表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。例如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級之前。例如：Shanghai is the biggest city in Chi
4、na.January is the first month of the year.(6)用在某些形容詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：The nurse is kind to the sick.We should take good care of the old.(7)用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習(xí)慣用語中。例如：the Great Wall,the Summer palace,in the morning,in the open air 等。(8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫婦”。例如：the Browns,the whites 等。3.不用冠詞的情況(1)某些專有名詞，
5、抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。例如：China,Canada,Japanese,glass,water,love 等。(2)名詞前已有作定語用的 this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every 等代詞時(shí)，不用冠詞。例如：That is my cap.I have some questions.Go down this street.(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)，不用冠詞。They are workers.We are students.(4)稱呼語前不用冠詞，表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。例如：I dont feel well toda
6、y,Mother.Bush was made president of the U.S.(5)三餐飯的名稱前，球類活動(dòng)，學(xué)科和節(jié)目名詞前，常不用冠詞。例如：I have lunch at home.He often plays football after class.We have English and maths every day.(6)在某些固定詞組里，名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如：By air,at night,at home,go to bed,go to school,on foot,from morning till night 等。二.數(shù)詞的用法數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞表示
7、數(shù)目，序數(shù)詞表示順序。1.基數(shù)詞的用法(1)基數(shù)詞在句中主要用作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語，例如：Thirty of them are Party members.（主語）-How many would you like？-Three，please（作賓語）The nine boys are from Tianjin.（定語）Six plus four is ten.（表語）We four will go with you.（同位語）(2)表示一個(gè)具體數(shù)字時(shí)，hundred,thousand,million 一律不用復(fù)數(shù)；在表示一個(gè)不確定數(shù)字時(shí)則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Our country has
8、 a population of 1,300 million people.There are three thousand students in our school.After the war,thousands of people became homeless.Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.They arrived in twos and threes(3)表示“十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用來表示人的歲數(shù)或年代，例如：He is in his early thirties
9、 He died still in his forties This took place in 1930s(4)表示時(shí)刻用基數(shù)詞。例如：We get up at six.The workers begin work at eight.表示“幾點(diǎn)過幾分”，用介詞 past,但須在半小時(shí)以內(nèi)。例如：ten past ten,a quarter past nine,half past twelve 表示“幾點(diǎn)差幾分”用介詞 to,但分?jǐn)?shù)須在半小時(shí)以上。例如：twenty to nine,five to eight,a quarter to ten 表示“幾點(diǎn)幾分”還可直接用基數(shù)詞。例如：seven
10、 fifteen,eleven thirty,nine twenty 2.序數(shù)詞的用法（1）序數(shù)詞主要用作定語，前面要加定冠詞，例如：The first truck is carrying a foot baskets John lives on the fifteenth floor（2）序數(shù)詞有時(shí)前面可加不定冠詞來表示“再一”，“又一”這樣的意思，例如：Well have to do it a second time Shall I ask him a third time？When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speak（3）由幾個(gè)序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞在拼寫
11、時(shí)不對應(yīng)，很容易寫錯(cuò)，應(yīng)特別注意。它們是：one-first,two-second,three-third,five-fifth,eight-eighth,nine-ninth,twelve-twelfth。（4）表示年，月，日時(shí)，年用基數(shù)詞表示，日用序數(shù)詞表示。例如：1949 年十月一日讀作:October(the)first,nineteen sixty2004 年九月十日讀作：September(the)tenth,two thousand and four（5）表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于 1 時(shí)，分母加-s。例如：three fourths,one sec
12、ond,two fifths（6）序數(shù)詞有時(shí)用縮寫形式：first1st second2nd third3rd fourth4th twenty-second22nd【實(shí)例解析】1.(2004 年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題)About _ students in our class can describe that place in English.A.three-fifths B.three-fifth C.third-five D.third-fifths 答案：A。該題考查的是分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法。分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于 1 時(shí)，分母應(yīng)加-s，因此應(yīng)選 A。2.(2004 年河
13、北省中考試題)Nine _ pounds a week?Thats very good.A.hundred of B.hundreds of C.hundreds D.hundred 答案：D。該題考查的是數(shù)詞的用法。Nine hundred 是一個(gè)具體的數(shù)量，這是數(shù)詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式，后面也不能加 of。所以應(yīng)選 D。3.(2004 年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題)We often have sports after class,and I like to play _ basketball.A.a B.an C.the D.不填 答案：D。該題考查的是冠詞的用法。球類運(yùn)動(dòng)之前不加冠詞，因此應(yīng)選 D。
14、4.(2004 年江西省中考試題)This is _ song Ive told you about.Isnt it _ beautiful one?A.the;the B.a;a C.the;a D.a;the 答案：C。該題考查的是冠詞的用法。第一個(gè)空是特指，特指我給你說過的那首歌，第二個(gè)空是表示某一個(gè)類別。所以應(yīng)選C。【中考演練】一.單項(xiàng)填空 1.This morning I had _ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast.A.an B.a C.the D./2.-Whats the matter with you?-I caught _
15、bad cold and had to stay in _.A.a;/B.a;the C.a;a D.the;the 3.-Have you seen _ pen?I left it here this morning.-Is it _ black one?I think I saw it somewhere.A.a;the B.the;the C.the;a D.a;a 4._ sun is shining brightly.A.A B.An C.The D./5.There is _“h”in the word hour.A.a B.the C.an D./6.Did you enjoy
16、your stay in Xian?Yes.I had _ wonderful time.A.a B.an C.the D./7._ sun is bigger than _ earth.A.A;the B.A;an C.The;an D.The;the 8.There is _ apple and some pears on the table.A.the B./C.a D.an 9.David has _ cat.Its very nice.A.a B.an C.the D./10.Im reading _ novel.It is _ interesting story.A.a;an B.
17、a;a C.the;the D./;an 11.It is said that SARS has killed more than _ people worldwide.A.three hundreds B.three hundreds C.three hundreds D.three hundred 12.-How many workers are there in your factory?-There are two _.A.hundreds B.hundred C.hundred of D.hundreds of 13.-Which is the smallest number of
18、the four?-_.A.Two-thirds B.A half C.A quarter D.Three-fourths 14.-What do you think of a war,Li Ming?-Ive no idea.But its a fact that _ people had to leave their hometown during the War on Iraq.A.three thousands B.thousand of C.thousands of D.several thousands 15.We all think that the _ century will
19、 bring us more hopes.A.twenty-first B.twentieth-first C.twenty-one D.twentieth-one 16.-Can you write the number eighty-five thousand,six hundred and twenty-six?-Yes,it is _.A.856620 B.85626 C.58662 D.58626 17.When was the PRC founded?It was founded on _.A.July 1,1921 B.October 1,1949 C.August 1,1927
20、 D.May 1,1922 18.I was 8 years old when my father was 31.This year my father is twice my age.How old am I?A.21 B.22 C.23 D.24 19._ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics.A.Thousand B.Thousands C.Thousand of D.Thousands of 20.Both of the two rulers are broken.
21、I want to buy a _one.A.three B.third C.forth D./二.句子改錯(cuò)：下面各句 A,B,C,D 中有一處錯(cuò)誤，請指出并改正。1.May is a fifth month of the year.A B C D2.The film has been on for half a hour.A B C D3.The boys and the girls often play the foot ball in the afternoon.A B C D4.It looks rain.Why not take a umbrella with you?A B C D
22、5.Li Mei often gives us some good information by the e-mail.A B C D6.Weve planted two hundreds trees in the centre of our city this year.A B C D7.Five million of dollars is a lot of money.A B C D8.There are thousand of children in the park now.A B C D9.By the end of twenty century,the world populati
23、on had passed six billion.A B C D10.Over three fifth of the worlds books and newspapers are written in English.A B C D【練習(xí)答案】一.1.A 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.A 10.A11.D 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.B二.1.B athe 2.D aan 3.C 去掉 the 4.C aan 5.D 去掉 the 6.B two hundredstwo hundred 7.B 去 掉of 8.B thousandthousands 9.B twentytwentieth 10.A three fifththree fifths
中考英語復(fù)習(xí)資料：數(shù)詞、冠詞考點(diǎn)集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練試題
