中考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)名師手冊(cè) 第11講 句子種類和成分課件

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1、第 11 11 講 句子種類和成分一、完成句子，每空一詞DoyouWhat1_ _ (你) often exercise?Yes.DontWhata2_ (什么) are you doing here?We are practicing a new show.3 _ ( 不要) tell me the same story any more.I dontwant to listen to it again.or4_ _ (多么) great change it is!5Is he Jim _ (還是) Tom?I think hes Tom.didnt hedid heHow longHow

2、soon二、單句改錯(cuò)1He didnt do anything about it, didnt he？_2How long will the building be finished？_WhatWhy3What does he want to be a pilot? _4What a beautiful it is！_5I dont think shes that young, do I？_What aHowdo Iisnt she句子種類一般疑問(wèn)句1把 be 動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于句首。2直接用 yes 或 no 來(lái)回答。3如果提問(wèn)人對(duì)答案沒(méi)有肯定或否定的意向，句中常用非肯定詞。如：Ar

3、e there any trees in the garden？院子里有樹(shù)嗎？如果提問(wèn)人希望得到肯定的回答，則句中常用肯定詞。如：Would you like some drink？你想喝點(diǎn)什么嗎？特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句是用疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞提問(wèn)的句子，不用 yes或 no 回答，而是根據(jù)具體情況進(jìn)行回答。1疑問(wèn)詞作句子的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或修飾這三種成分時(shí)，用“疑問(wèn)詞一般疑問(wèn)句”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：How did you come here？你怎么來(lái)這里的？2疑問(wèn)詞作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，用陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：Whose father works in Shanghai?誰(shuí)的父親在上海工作？3特殊疑問(wèn)詞有：wh

4、en, where, what, who, whom, whose,which, why, how, how many, how much, how soon, how often,how old 等。選擇疑問(wèn)句由“一般疑問(wèn)句or供選擇的部分”構(gòu)成，不能用 yes或 no 來(lái)回答。如：Is it the name of a book or a movie?它是一本書還是一部電影的名字？Its the name of a book.它是一本書的名字。反意疑問(wèn)句1構(gòu)成：陳述句簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句遵循原則：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)與陳述句的主語(yǔ)保持一致，且只能用相應(yīng)的人稱代詞(there

5、除外)。簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也與陳述句的謂語(yǔ)保持一致；如果是否定，一定要用縮寫。如：Your brother went home, didnt he?你哥哥回家了，是嗎？There are many flowers in the box, arent there?盒子里有很多花，是嗎？2陳述句用“Im.”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句一般用“arent I”。3陳述句中有 little, few, no, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等表示否定意義的詞時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句用肯定形式。如：There is little milk in the bottle, is there?瓶子里沒(méi)多

6、少牛奶了，是嗎？4陳述句主語(yǔ)為不定代詞 nothing, something, anything 時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用代詞 it；陳述句主語(yǔ)為不定代詞 everyone, noone, someone, everybody, nobody, anybody 時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)常用代詞 they，有時(shí)也用 he。5陳述句的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞 this 或 that 時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用 it；陳述句的主語(yǔ)是 these 或 those 時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用they。6陳述句部分如果是“I (dont) think (believe, suppose.)賓語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與賓語(yǔ)從句

7、中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。如：I dont think he is right, is he?我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)，是吧？7陳述句部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must ，表示猜測(cè)“一定是；必定”時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句部分與 must 后面的部分保持一致，不能用mustnt ；當(dāng) must 表示“一定要；必須”時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句部分用neednt。如：You must be a lawyer, arent you?你一定是個(gè)律師，是不是？He must return tomorrow, neednt he?他明天必須回去，是不是？We mustnt speak loudly in the library, must we?我們不應(yīng)

8、該在圖書館大聲喧嘩，對(duì)不對(duì)？8祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句肯定祈使句，will you/wont you?否定祈使句，will you?Lets.，shall we？(包括對(duì)方)Let us.，will you？(不包括對(duì)方)9感嘆句的反意疑問(wèn)句一律用否定式，并用 be 動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：What a fine day, isnt it？多好的天氣呀，不是嗎？10對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句作答時(shí)，需根據(jù)其實(shí)際情況而定。實(shí)際情況是肯定的，則用“Yes肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”；實(shí)際情況是否定的，則用“No否定結(jié)構(gòu)”。如：You wont go there, will you?你不會(huì)去那里，對(duì)嗎？Yes, I will.不，我會(huì)去。

9、祈使句祈使句用以表示命令、請(qǐng)求、叮囑或建議，主語(yǔ)通常省略?？隙ㄊ街^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，否定式用“Dont (Never) 動(dòng)詞原形” 。如：Turn on the light.開(kāi)燈。Dont turn on the light.不要開(kāi)燈。感嘆句感嘆句通常用 what 或 how 引導(dǎo)，用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)烈的感情。感嘆句的基本句型有：1以 how 開(kāi)頭的感嘆句(1)How形容詞/副詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)How high the building is! 這樓真高！(2)How形容詞/副詞(省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ))How interesting (it is)！真有趣！(3)how 還可修飾動(dòng)詞，句型是“How主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)”。如：Ho

10、w they need a good teacher!他們是多么需要一位好老師呀！2以 what 開(kāi)頭的感嘆句(1)What (a/an)形容詞名詞(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))What a beautiful flower it is！多美麗的一朵花??！What fine weather！多好的天氣！(2)What (a/an)名詞(省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ))What a pity！真遺憾！句子成分構(gòu)成例句主語(yǔ)名詞、主格代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞等That man looks strange.那個(gè)人看起來(lái)很奇怪。謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞，一般位于主語(yǔ)之后He puts the book on thetable.他把書放在桌上。句

11、子成分句子的成分包括：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。見(jiàn)下表：賓語(yǔ)名詞、賓格代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞等I waited for the bus for halfan hour.我等公交車等了半小時(shí)。表語(yǔ)在連系動(dòng)詞之后的形容詞、副詞、名詞、代詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等The weather is wet in thesouthern part.在南部，氣候潮濕。定語(yǔ)形容詞、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等The boy in blue is Tom.穿藍(lán)色衣服的男孩是湯姆。句子成分構(gòu)成例句狀語(yǔ)副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式等The girl liv

12、es in AmeriAmeri-ca.這個(gè)女孩住在美國(guó)。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形容詞、副詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、分詞等We found him alone by thelake.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他獨(dú)自一人在湖邊。同位語(yǔ)名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句We Chinese wont give in todifficulties.我們中國(guó)人不會(huì)向困難低頭。續(xù)表()1.(2013 年廣東)You havent been to the West Lake,have you?_.But I will go there with my parents this summervacation.ANo, I haventCYes,

13、 I haveBNo, I didntDyes, I didA 題意：“你從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)西湖，是嗎？”“是的，我沒(méi)有去過(guò)。但是這個(gè)暑假我將和父母一起去?！狈匆庖蓡?wèn)句要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)回答，根據(jù)題意可知是表示“沒(méi)有去過(guò)”，故選 A。()2.(2013 年廣東佛山)_ delicious food mymother cooks every day!AWhat aBWhatCHowBwhat 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句句式為“what (a/an) 形容詞名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)”，how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句句式為“how形容詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)”，若形容詞后是一個(gè)完整的句子，則應(yīng)用 how引導(dǎo)，由此可排除 C。又因 food 是不可數(shù)名詞，故

14、選 B。()3.(2014 年廣東河源)_ interesting book it is!AHowBWhatCWhat anDHow aCwhat 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句句式為“Whata/an形容詞名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！”，interesting 以元音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)該用冠詞an，故選 C。()4.(2014 年廣東深圳)Rose, we will start at sixtomorrow morning.Dont be late, _？_.Ill be there on time.Awont you; Yes, I willBwill you; Yes, I willCwill you; No, I wont

15、Dwont you; No, I wontC 根據(jù)前否后肯的原則，可排除 A、D 兩項(xiàng)；又根據(jù)回答可知實(shí)際情況是“不會(huì)遲到”，故選 C。()5.(2013 年廣東)Alice had nothing for breakfast thismorning, _？No.She got up too late.A. had sheBhadnt sheCdid sheDdidnt sheC前面陳述句中有表示否定的 nothing，動(dòng)詞 had 是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，故簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句要借助助動(dòng)詞 did，且用肯定形式，故選 C。()6.(2014 年廣東廣州)I hear the tall girl wearing gl

16、assesis your new classmate.Shes from Ame-rica, _？A. has sheBisnt sheChasnt sheDdoes sheB 前面陳述句是肯定句，其 be 動(dòng)詞為 is，故簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句中用 isnt。()7.(2011 年廣東深圳)There is something wrong withyour bike, _？Yes.Ill have it _ tomorrow.A. isnt it; mendBisnt there; mendedCisnt it; mendedDisnt there; mendB there be 句型的反意疑問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)仍用

17、 there，且陳述句部分是肯定的，故其簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句用否定形式；自行車是“被修理”，故用 have sth.done (使某事被做)。()8.(2013 年廣東深圳)_ good time we had atthe party last night!Yes.It was _ exciting party that I would neverforget it.A. What; soCWhat a; such anBHow; suchDHow a; so anCwhat 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句句式為“What (a/an)形容詞名詞(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！”，time 在此為可數(shù)名詞，意為“時(shí)光”；“such (a/a

18、n)形容詞名詞that 從句”意為“如此以至于”，故選 C。()9.(2014 年廣東佛山)_ cute the monkeys arewhen they ask for food!A. HowBWhatCWhat aAhow 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句句式為“How形容詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！”，故選 A。()10.(2013 年廣東佛山)_ is the history ofTsinghua University?100 years.A. How soonBHow longCHow farB由答語(yǔ)可知是提問(wèn)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短的，故用 how long ，意為“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”。()11.(2014 年廣東肇慶)The studen

19、ts in Class Two playedbasketball against Class One yesterday, _？A. did theyBdidnt theyCwerent theyB 陳述句部分是肯定句，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 played，故其反意疑問(wèn)句要借助助動(dòng)詞 did 且為否定形式。()12.(2013年廣東河源)Lets go to the cinema to see afilm, _？A. will youCwont youBshall weDdont you前面是 Lets 開(kāi)頭的祈使句，其反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用 shallBwe。()13.(2014年廣東河源)Peter, _

20、do you visityour grandparents?Twice a month.A. how longBhow soonChow farDhow oftenD 由答語(yǔ)可知是對(duì)頻率提問(wèn)，故用 how often，表示“多久一次”。()14.(2013 年廣東河源)_ delicious beef!Well.You can eat more if you like it.A. WhatCHowBWhat aDHow aAwhat 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句句式為“What (a/an)形容詞名詞(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！”，beef 是不可數(shù)名詞，故選 A。()15.(2014 年廣東茂名)Dont open th

21、e door, _？A.arent youBdont youCwill youC 祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句用“will/wont you”，因陳述句部分是否定的，故用 will you。()16.(2013 年廣東)The boy has a new MP4, _？A. doesnt heBisnt heCdoes heDis heAhave 表示“擁有”時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句有兩種形式：“hasnt/havent/hadnt主語(yǔ)”或“doesnt/dont/didnt主語(yǔ)”。故選 A。()17.(2014 年廣東)_ will you come back?In an hour.A. How soonBH

22、ow oftenCHow farDHow longA 由答語(yǔ)“一小時(shí)后”可知是提問(wèn)“多久以后”，故用how soon。()18.(2013 年廣東深圳)Lets go to the zoo by taxi,_？Maybe we can go there _.Its not far.A. wont you; on footBwont you; by footCshall we; by footDshall we; on footDLets 開(kāi)頭的祈使句，其反意疑問(wèn)句用 shall we ；表示“步行”用 on foot。()19.(2014 年廣東佛山)_ sad we felt at the

23、newsof the Yushu earthquake!A. WhatBWhat aCHowChow 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句句式為“How 形容詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！”，故選 C。()20.(2013 年廣東茂名)Do you know _Mr.Smith comes to the shop?Once a week.A. how oftenBhow longChow soonA 根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“Once a week.”可知是提問(wèn)頻率，故選 A。()21.(2014年廣東湛江)There is some beef in thefridge, _？Yes, there is.A. is thereBisnt thereChas thereDhasnt thereB 陳述句部分為 there be 句型，故簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句用 isnt there。