聚焦新中考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義 第28課 動(dòng)詞的概述課件

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1、第28課 動(dòng)詞的概述 要點(diǎn)梳理 動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是中考考查的重點(diǎn)之一。在語(yǔ)境中考查考生對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的掌握程度越來(lái)越受到重視。考查的范圍有：行為動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)間的辨析。因此考生平時(shí)應(yīng)注意詞匯的積累，并注意區(qū)分部分動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)間的差別。規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式第三人稱單數(shù)形式及讀音及讀音一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加ssss在清輔音后讀在清輔音后讀/s/s/，ss在濁輔音后讀在濁輔音后讀/z/z/workworkgrowgrowworksworks/s/s/growsgrows/z/z/ . .大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都有五種基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱單

2、數(shù)、大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都有五種基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞 1. 第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后要加一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后要加s或或es，其變化規(guī)則與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法大體相同。其變化規(guī)則與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法大體相同。以以s, x, sh, ch或或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加加eses讀讀/iz/，o后的后的es讀讀/z/guessmixfinishcatchgoguesses/iz/mixes/iz/finishes/iz/catches/iz/goes/z/以字母以

3、字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加加ss讀讀/z/或或/s/writelikewrites/z/likes/s/以輔音字母加以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，改改y為為i，再加，再加esies讀讀/iz/studycarrystudies/iz/carries/iz/以元音字母加以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加直接加ss讀讀/z/playsayplays/z/says/z/不規(guī)則變化的有不規(guī)則變化的有havehas等。等。2. 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般在動(dòng)詞后加一般在動(dòng)詞后加inghelpworkhelpingworking以不發(fā)

4、音的字母以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去e再加再加ingwritemovewritingmoving以以y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加ingplaystudyplayingstudying以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)末以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加尾的輔音字母，再加inggetbegingettingbeginning以以ie結(jié)尾的名詞，一般將結(jié)尾的名詞，一般將ie改為改為y，再，再加加ingliedielyingdying3. 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞及其讀音過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞及其讀音一般

5、在動(dòng)詞詞尾加一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed(在清輔音后讀在清輔音后讀/t/，在，在濁輔音后讀濁輔音后讀d，在，在t/d后后讀讀id/)askanswerwantneedaskedasked/t/answeredanswered/d/wantedwanted/id/needneed/id/以不發(fā)音的以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只加詞，只加d(讀讀/d/)lovedancelovedloved/d/danceddanced/d/以輔音字母加以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把詞，把y變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閕，再加，再加ed(讀讀/d/)trystudytriedtried/d/studiedstudied/d/以元音

6、字母加以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加詞，直接加ed(讀讀/d/)playstayplayedplayed/d/stayedstayed/d/以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔單詞，先雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔單字母，再加字母，再加ed(在清輔音在清輔音后讀后讀/t/，在濁輔音后讀，在濁輔音后讀d，在在t/d后讀后讀id/)stopplanstoppedstopped/t/plannedplanned/d/不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去式過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞am, iswasbeenarewerebeenbabysitbabysatbabysatbecomeb

7、ecamebecomebendbentbentbeginbeganbegunbitebitbittenblowblewblownbreakbrokebroken(2)不規(guī)則變化需單獨(dú)記憶不規(guī)則變化需單獨(dú)記憶bringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltburnburnt, burnedburnt, burnedbuyboughtboughtcancouldcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomecostcostcostcutcutcutdigdugdugdo, doesdiddonedrawdrewdrawndrinkd

8、rankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneateateatenfallfellfallenfeedfedfedfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfoundflyflewflownforgetforgotforgotten, forgotfreezefrozefrozenforgiveforgaveforgivengetgotgot, gottengivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhas, havehadhadhearheardheardhidehidhiddenhithithitholdheldheldh

9、urthurthurtkeepkeptkeptknowknewknownlaylaidlaidlearnlearnt, learned learnt, learnedleaveleftleftlendlentlentletletletlielaylainlightlit, lightedlit, lightedloselostlostmakemademademaymightmeanmeantmeantmeetmetmetpaypaidpaidputputputreadreadreadretellretoldretoldrideroderiddenringrangrungriseroserise

10、nrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseenseeksoughtsoughtsellsoldsoldsendsentsentsetsetsetshakeshookshakenshallshouldshineshoneshoneshootshotshotshowshowedshown, showedsingsangsungsitsatsatsleepsleptsleptsmellsmeltsmeltspeakspokespokenspellspeltspeltspendspentspentspreadspreadspreadstandstoodstoodstealstolest

11、olenstickstuckstuckswimswamswumswingswungswungtaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtteartoretorntelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtthrowthrewthrownunderstandunderstoodunderstoodupsetupsetupsetwakewoke, wakedwoken, waked wearworewornwillwouldwinwonwonwritewrotewritten . 動(dòng)詞的種類 1行為動(dòng)詞又名實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。 根據(jù)后面是否帶賓語(yǔ)，可分為及物動(dòng)

12、詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。 (1)及物動(dòng)詞 及物動(dòng)詞后面要跟賓語(yǔ)才使能句子語(yǔ)意完整。如love, need, want等。它主要用于三種句型中： 動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ) I bought some books yesterday。我昨天買(mǎi)了一些書(shū)。(bought后有賓語(yǔ)books，為及物動(dòng)詞) 動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ) 動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ) (2)不及物動(dòng)詞 不及物動(dòng)詞本身有完整的意思，后不須接賓語(yǔ)。 He always studies hard. 他一直學(xué)習(xí)努力。(study后無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，為不及物動(dòng)詞) 若不及物動(dòng)詞需要帶賓語(yǔ)，其后需加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，才可以跟賓語(yǔ)。 有的動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如： She sings

13、 very well. 她唱得很好。(sing是不及物動(dòng)詞) She sang an English song just now. 她剛才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物動(dòng)詞) 2系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，須與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞只有be(am, is, are, was, were)；用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀態(tài)或態(tài)度的系動(dòng)詞有keep, stay, remain, stand等；表象系動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ook, seem, appear等；表示人的感覺(jué)的系動(dòng)詞有feel, smell, sound, taste；表變化系動(dòng)詞有become, get, grow, t

14、urn等。 3助動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)意義或意義不完整，不能獨(dú)立用作謂語(yǔ)。它須與別的動(dòng)詞連用，幫助構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、否定句和疑問(wèn)句等。常用助動(dòng)詞有be, have, has, do, does, did, will和shall等。 4情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，須與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人的情緒、態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 (1)can(could) 表能力，could表過(guò)去的能力。can與be able to 的基本意義相同。但can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而be able to能用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 表可能性。 表許可?？谡Z(yǔ)中可代替may。 cant 表有把握的否定判

15、斷，意為“不可能”。 could在口語(yǔ)中，常代替can來(lái)向?qū)Ψ奖容^委婉客氣地提出請(qǐng)求或表示看法。此時(shí)could不表示過(guò)去時(shí)。 (2)may(might) 用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，意為“可以”?？谡Z(yǔ)性較強(qiáng)。might可以指過(guò)去時(shí)間；也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，語(yǔ)氣更委婉。 表猜測(cè)和對(duì)可能性的判斷。意為“可能；也許”。might可以指過(guò)去時(shí)間；也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定。 (3)must 表說(shuō)話人的主觀意志，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”。無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)變化。其否定答語(yǔ)常用neednt或dont have to, 意為“不必”。 注：have to意為“不得不；必須”，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)受到外界客觀因素的迫使。它可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，且有人稱和數(shù)

16、的變化。 must 本身的否定形式mustnt意為“不許；一定不要”，表示禁止和告誡。 表示對(duì)事物的推測(cè)，意為“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的語(yǔ)氣要肯定的多。 (4)shall 表征詢意見(jiàn)，用于第一人稱疑問(wèn)句。如： Shall I get you some tea? 我給你點(diǎn)茶好嗎？ What shall we do this evening? 我們今晚做什么？ 表說(shuō)話人的意愿，有“命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思，用于第二人稱陳述句。如： You shall do as I say. 按我說(shuō)的做。(命令) You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可

17、以得到我的答復(fù)。(允諾) Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我們執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。(決心) (5)will 表意愿，用于各種人稱陳述句。如： I will do anything for you. 我愿為你做任何事。 If you read the book, Ill lend it to you. 如果你愿意讀這本書(shū)，我會(huì)把它借給你。 表請(qǐng)求，用于疑問(wèn)句。如： Will you close the window? Its a bit cold. 請(qǐng)你把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎？有點(diǎn)冷。 Wont you drink some m

18、ore coffee? 再來(lái)一點(diǎn)咖啡好嗎？ 表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。如： Fish will die out of water. 魚(yú)離開(kāi)水就不能活。 The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 那男孩常常坐在那里好幾個(gè)鐘點(diǎn)，看著車(chē)輛行人通過(guò)。 (6)would作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，無(wú)人稱限制，表意愿，常與like, love連用。(7)should表義務(wù)。意為“應(yīng)該”(某件事宜于做)，用于各種人稱。如：You should be polite to your teachers. 你對(duì)老師應(yīng)該有禮貌。You

19、shouldnt waste any time. 你不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。表推測(cè)，意為“想必一定、照說(shuō)應(yīng)該、估計(jì)”等。如：They should be home by now. 照說(shuō)到現(xiàn)在為止他們應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)在家了。 5. 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)指動(dòng)詞跟一個(gè)或兩個(gè)介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的固定詞組。其意義上與原來(lái)動(dòng)詞不同。 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的分類 (1)動(dòng)詞介詞 arrive in(at), ask for, begin with, be from, come from, get to, laugh at, look for, send for, wait for (2)及物動(dòng)詞副詞 find out, give up, l

20、ook up(查找), put on, pick up, ring up, take off(脫下), take away, turn on, turn off, think over。 (3)不及物動(dòng)詞副詞 get up, go on, grow up, set off, stand up, take off(起飛) (4)動(dòng)詞副詞介詞 get on(along) with, catch up with, come up with, go on with, look forward to (5)動(dòng)詞名詞介詞 take part in, make friends with, take care

21、 of . 易混淆的常用動(dòng)詞 1say, speak, talk, tell 2look, see, watch, read 3borrow, lend, keep 4bring, take, carry, get 5wear, put on, dress 6take, spend, pay, cost 7reach, get, arrive . 常用動(dòng)詞歸納 初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)豐富，現(xiàn)將最常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)歸納如下： 1. look短語(yǔ) look for尋找；look after照顧；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看著。 look up抬

22、頭看，在查找；look into調(diào)查；look out當(dāng)心；look out of從往外看。 look like看起來(lái)像；look the same看起來(lái)一樣；look through透過(guò)看；瀏覽。 2. put短語(yǔ) put off推遲；put on穿上，上演；put away把暫時(shí)收起來(lái)。 put out撲滅；put down寫(xiě)下； put back 放回；put up舉起，建造，張貼。 3. turn短語(yǔ) turn on打開(kāi)；turn off關(guān)掉；turn up把音量開(kāi)大一點(diǎn)；turn down把音量開(kāi)小一點(diǎn)。 turn to朝向；turn into變成；turn over翻開(kāi)，翻轉(zhuǎn)；tu

23、rn.into.把變成。 4. get短語(yǔ) get on/along(well) with與某人相處(融洽)；get up起床；get on上車(chē)(船、飛機(jī)、馬); get off下車(chē)(船、飛機(jī)、馬); get back回去；get back to回到；get away離開(kāi)，逃脫。 get down下來(lái)；get home到家；get into進(jìn)入，陷入；get out(of)(從)出去；get to到達(dá)；get together聚會(huì)。 5. take短語(yǔ) take off(飛機(jī))起飛，脫掉(衣服)；take in吸收，上當(dāng)；take away拿走；take out取出。 take on雇傭，呈現(xiàn)

24、；take down取下；take up占據(jù)時(shí)間、空間，開(kāi)始從事，拿起。 6. agree短語(yǔ) agree with同意某人的(意見(jiàn)、想法、分析、解釋)；agree to同意(計(jì)劃、辦法)。 agree to do sth.同意做某事。 7. go短語(yǔ) go over溫習(xí)，復(fù)習(xí)；go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/購(gòu)物/跳舞/釣魚(yú)/打獵/野營(yíng)。 go into走進(jìn)；go out出去，熄滅；go away走開(kāi)；go back回去，回顧；go up上升，攀登。 go by時(shí)間流逝，從旁經(jīng)過(guò)；go do

25、wn下降，下沉；go for為而去； go on繼續(xù)； go through經(jīng)歷；go to school去上學(xué)；go home 回家；go to the doctor去看醫(yī)生。 8. come短語(yǔ) come along一道來(lái)；come in進(jìn)來(lái)；come into進(jìn)入；come out出來(lái)，出版；come down下來(lái)；come from來(lái)自；come back回來(lái)；come across偶然遇到；come over過(guò)來(lái)；come home回家； come into use開(kāi)始使用； come on 快！得啦；跟著來(lái)；加油。 9. give短語(yǔ) give up放棄；give off放出、發(fā)出

26、(氣體、氣味、煙霧、光、水、熱等)；give out精疲力竭、累倒，耗盡、用完；give away泄露，贈(zèng)送；give in屈服，讓步，投降。 10. make短語(yǔ) make a decision作出決定；make sb. do sth.讓某人做某事；make a mistake犯錯(cuò)誤；make progress取得進(jìn)步；make friends with與交朋友； make up編造，虛構(gòu)，打扮，構(gòu)成，組成；make a face做鬼臉。 11. be短語(yǔ) be friendly/kind to對(duì)友好； be different from與不同；be afraid of害怕；be popul

27、ar with受歡迎； be interested in對(duì)感興趣；be strict with對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格；be strict in 對(duì)某事嚴(yán)格；be famous/known as作為有名；be famous/known for因著名；be surprised at對(duì)驚訝；be pleased with對(duì)滿意； be proud of對(duì)感到自豪； be polite/impolite to對(duì)某人有禮貌/不禮貌；be thankful/grateful to對(duì)某人感激； be good for 對(duì)有好處；be good at擅長(zhǎng)于；be made up of由構(gòu)成；be angry with對(duì)某

28、人生氣；be busy with忙于； be full of/filled with裝滿了；be late for遲到；be covered with覆蓋著。 12. call短語(yǔ) call at拜訪，后接地點(diǎn)；call on拜訪，后接被拜訪的對(duì)象；號(hào)召；call back回電話； call up打電話，使回憶起；call for叫某人同往某處。感悟中考【例1】(2010黃岡) Which Tshirt do you prefer? The red one. It _ more comfortable. A. tastes B. smells C. feels D. sounds 解析：本題考

29、查連系動(dòng)詞的用法辨析。 taste 意為“嘗起來(lái)”，smell 意為“聞起來(lái)”，sound“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”， feel“摸起來(lái)”。根據(jù)comfortable(舒服)可知feel符合題意。 故選C。C 【例2】(2010湖州) If you see any litter on the school playground, youd better _ . A. give it away B. pick it up C. turn it off D. put in on 解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。 give away “捐贈(zèng)”， pick up “撿起來(lái)”， turn off “關(guān)”， put on “

30、穿上”。根據(jù)句意“如果你看見(jiàn)學(xué)校操場(chǎng)上的垃圾， 你最好撿起來(lái)”。故選B。B【例3】(2011天津) I _ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team. A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay 解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。 四者都表示“花費(fèi)”。 spend以人做主語(yǔ)，后與on或(in) doing搭配；cost以物做主語(yǔ)；it takes sb. some time to do sth. 為固定句式；pay以人做主語(yǔ)，常與for搭配。故選A。A【例4】(2011寧波) May I take the

31、 magazine out of the reading room? No, you cant. You _ read it here. Its the rule. A. must B. would C. may D. might 解析：本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。 聯(lián)系上下文可知：雜志不能帶出閱覽室，必須在閱覽室里閱讀。這是規(guī)章制度。故選A。A 【例5】(2011麗水) _， you guys! You dont want to miss the train, do you? A. Look up B. Give up C. Hurry up D. Grow up 解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨

32、析。 根據(jù)下文：你不想錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)。 判斷此空應(yīng)填入hurry up快點(diǎn)。故選C。C 【例6】(2011嘉興、舟山) Smoking is not allowed in public places since May 1st. It may be a good chance for some people to _ smoking. A. put up B. give up C. pick up D. look up 解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。 根據(jù)上文：從5月1日開(kāi)始，公共場(chǎng)合不允許吸煙。 可知此處與戒煙有關(guān)。give up smoking戒煙。故選B。B【例7】(2011鹽城) Wher

33、es David? He _ be on the playground because he is fond of playing basketball. A. will B. may C. cant D. mustnt 解析：本題考查表推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 根據(jù)下文：他喜歡打籃球。推測(cè)他可能在操場(chǎng)上。 will 表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；may表示可能性推測(cè)；cant表示 不可能；mustnt表示不應(yīng)該。故選B。B【例8】(2011蘇州) I _ keep dogs for protection, but now I keep them as pets. A. would rather B. had

34、better C. used to D. have to 解析：本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。 根據(jù)下文：現(xiàn)在我把它們當(dāng)寵物養(yǎng)?？芍B(yǎng)狗看門(mén)是過(guò)去 的事情。would rather寧愿，had better最好，used to過(guò)去 常常，have to不得不。故選C。C領(lǐng)悟語(yǔ)法 . 詞匯 A. 用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 say shouldnt keep dress watch 1. We throw litter about in public. 2. The boy doesnt know how to this word in English. 3. On Midautumn Day w

35、e the moon and eat moon cakes. 4. Tina asked me how long she could my storybook. 5. The boy is old enough to himself.shouldntsaywatchkeepdress B. 根據(jù)句意及首字母或中文提示，填寫(xiě)單詞 1. The young man colored his hair blue because he wanted to be d from others. 2. He s all his life writing novels for children. 3. Jim

36、is a careless boy. He always makes m in his test. It makes his teacher angry. 4. Never (放棄) up, try again, I believe your dream will come true someday. 5. My mother is (忙于) with housework every day. She hardly has time to have fun.ifferentpentistakesgivebusy . 單項(xiàng)選擇 ( )1. I _ $300 for the bike. (2011

37、宜賓) A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid 解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。paid.for為固定用法。 根據(jù)句意：我花300美元買(mǎi)那輛自行車(chē)。故選D。D ( )2. When you dont know a word, you can _ in the dictionary. (2011寧波) A. look it up B. set it up C. give it up D. pick it up 解析：考查詞組辨析。 look up查閱(書(shū)本)；set up建立；give up放棄；pick up撿起。 它們都是動(dòng)副詞組，代詞放在中間。 根據(jù)句意，當(dāng)你不認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)詞的時(shí)

38、候，你可以查閱字典。 故選A。A ( )3. Bob, shall we go and meet our new classmate? Sorry. Im busy now. But you _ ask David to go with you. He is free. (2011麗水) A. need B. may C. would D. must 解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 need意思是需要，may是可以，would指將要，must意思是必須，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該表示建議，應(yīng)用may。B( )4. How long may I _ your bike？ For a week. But you must

39、nt _ it to others. (2011金華) A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend C. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow 解析：考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。 borrow意為“借入”；lend意為“借出”， lend sth. to sb.意為“把某物借給某人”；“借多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”用keep，為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 how long和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，故第一空為keep；由答語(yǔ)句意“但是你不能把它借給別人”可知，第二空為lend。故選B。B ( )5. You should really _ smoking. Its bad for your health. (2

40、011衢州) A. get up B. get back C. give up D. give back 解析：考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。 get up起床，get back拿回，give up放棄，give back還。 句意：你真的應(yīng)該戒煙了。它對(duì)你的身體有壞處。故選C。C ( )6. Mr. Wang, can I finish my homework tomorrow? Sorry, you _.(2011重慶) A. cant B. dont C. neednt D. wont 解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 問(wèn)句為“Can.？”時(shí)，否定答語(yǔ)用“.cant”。 句意為“王老師，我明天完成作業(yè)可以嗎？對(duì)不起

41、，不行”。 故選A。A ( )7. Sandy feels unhappy because nobody seems to _ her progress. (2011鹽城) A. notice B. look C. watch D. read 解析：考查動(dòng)詞在特定語(yǔ)境中的用法。 句意：Sandy 感到不高興，因?yàn)楹孟駴](méi)人注意到她的進(jìn)步。A( )8. Shall I take you home after school ? No, thanks. Father will _ on his way home. (2011黃石) A . wake me up B. pick me up C. let

42、 me down D. help me out 解析：考查短語(yǔ)辨析。 wake up叫醒，pick.up 撿起，給搭車(chē)， let sb. down 讓某人失望，help sb.out幫助某人走出困難。 句意：放學(xué)后我?guī)慊丶覇?？不，謝謝。爸爸回家時(shí)會(huì)來(lái)接我。故選B。B( )9. Li Na, a worldfamous tennis player from Wuhan, never _ her dream. She has just set a new record in the 2011 French Open.(2011黃石) A. gave away B. gave up C. gave

43、 out D. gave in 解析：考查詞義辨析。 give away意為“捐贈(zèng)”，give up意為“放棄”，give out意為“分發(fā)，發(fā)送”，give in意為“屈服”，根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)為“放棄”之意。故選B。B( )10. What are you doing, Uncle Wang? I am sorting out old books and Ill _to kids in West China. (2011黃崗) A. give them up B. give them away C. give them off D. give them in 解析：考查詞義辨析。 give

44、 away意為“捐贈(zèng)”，give up意為“放棄”，give off意為“發(fā)出(光等)；長(zhǎng)出(枝、杈等)”，give in意為“屈服”，根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)為“捐贈(zèng)”之意。故選B。B( )11. Whose Tshirt is this? It _ be Johns. Its _ small for him. (2011黃崗) A. cant; much too B. cant; too much C. mustnt; much too D. mustnt; too much 解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 根據(jù)句意“它不可能是約翰的，對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)太小了?！惫逝懦鼵、D，“too much”為“太多”的意思，

45、“much too”為“太”。故選A。A ( )12. May I go out now. Dad? No. You _ let your mother know first. (2011安徽) A. can B. may C. need D. must 解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 由答句中“不”，表示語(yǔ)氣要求很堅(jiān)決，應(yīng)該是“必須”。 故選D。D( )13. Would you please _ my baby brother while Im cooking? (2011河北) A. take out of B. take care of C. take part in D. take away

46、from 解析：考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。 由題意“我做飯的時(shí)候請(qǐng)你照顧下我的孩子好嗎”可知：用take care of照顧；照看。take out of 帶出去；take part in 參加；take away from從帶走，均不符合題意。B( )14. I wont go to the concert this evening, I _ watch the NBA on TV. Its more exciting. (2011揚(yáng)州) A. had better B. would rather C. ought to D. have to 解析：考查詞義辨析。 had better意思是“最好”；w

47、ould rather意思是“更喜歡，更愿意”；ought to意思是“應(yīng)該”； have to意思是“必須”；根據(jù)情境：我今晚更愿意看NBA，音樂(lè)會(huì)就不去了。故選B。B ( )15. Theres a lot to do. We cant _ to waste any time.(2011無(wú)錫) A. wait B. afford C. want D. have 解析：考查詞義辨析。 cant afford to do sth. “負(fù)擔(dān)不起”是固定搭配，故選B。 句意：我們不能再浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。B( )16. Must I return the book tomorrow morning? No

48、, you _.You can keep it longer. (2011烏魯木齊) A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. couldnt 解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 回答以must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答用Yes, sb. must. “是的，必須”；否定回答用No, sb. neednt“不，不必”。故選C。C ( )17. Would you come to my birthday party tomorrow evening? Im afraid I _. I have to look after my sister.(2011濟(jì)寧) A. wouldnt B. c

49、ant C. wont D. mustnt 解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 根據(jù)答語(yǔ)句意“I have to look after my sister.”可知是表示 拒絕對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)。故選B。B( )18. Be quiet, Mr Smith is coming. Dont worry. It _ be him. Mr Smith is much taller.(2011四川) A. mustnt B. must C. cant 解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 mustnt指不允許，表示禁止；must 必須；應(yīng)該，表猜測(cè)時(shí)，用于肯定句，意為“一定”，可能性較大；can能，會(huì)，表猜測(cè)時(shí)，常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，意為“

50、不可能”；依據(jù)句意“安靜，史密斯先生來(lái)了?！薄安灰獡?dān)心，不可能是他，史密斯先生高得多?！?，這里表示否定的猜測(cè)，故選C。C提高題提高題.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 “Tom? Are you in bed yet？” called Mrs Green. There (be) no answer. Mrs Green put down her book and (go) to her 14yearold sons room. Tom (sit) in front of a bright computer screen, playing computer games. “Oh, Tom

51、. How long you (play) on that computer? You must stop now; its half past eleven. If you dont go to bed soon, you (be) very tired tomorrow，” said Mrs Green. “But Ive nearly won the game，” said Tom to Mrs Green. She (see) the excitement on her sons face. waswentwas sittinghaveplayedwill besaw “You alw

52、ays (play) on the computer. You have spent more time on this machine than on your homework.” Today many children use computers to play games, (watch) videos, instead of studying. The result is that they (not, want) to study. In some other countries, computers cause millions of people to lose their jobs or cause them a lot of trouble. Scientists say something (do) to solve the problem.playingarewatchdont wantmust be done