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中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書(論文)
摘 要
真空抬包是電解鋁冶煉過程中的一個(gè)重要設(shè)備，其主要功能是將電解槽中的電解鋁液吸出并倒運(yùn)至混合爐，是轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)鋁水的重要設(shè)備。真空抬包能夠?qū)㈦娊獠壑械碾娊怃X液吸出并倒運(yùn)到混合爐后澆鑄成鋁錠。該設(shè)備維護(hù)費(fèi)用低、安全性高、工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度低等特點(diǎn)，一次可吸取幾個(gè)電解槽內(nèi)的鋁液并直接送至混合爐，無需中途轉(zhuǎn)澆包倒運(yùn)，鋁液熱量損失小。該抬包采用正壓噴射吸鋁，改變了傳統(tǒng)的負(fù)壓直接吸鋁，消除了負(fù)壓吸鋁對(duì)真空系統(tǒng)的危害，由于其可與電解槽共用一個(gè)氣源，可省去整套真空系統(tǒng)，減少崗位配置，降低設(shè)備維護(hù)、檢修費(fèi)用，節(jié)約運(yùn)行中的電費(fèi)開支。
真空抬包采用茶壺式澆包的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，鋁液從包底澆出，熔渣被擋在包內(nèi)，撇渣效果好。減速機(jī)是抬包的傾轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)，采用3級(jí)蝸輪蝸桿減速機(jī)。由于抬包容積的增大，自重及盛鋁量均增大，抬包的傾轉(zhuǎn)力矩增大，手動(dòng)傾轉(zhuǎn)費(fèi)力、效率低而且不安全，該減速機(jī)在結(jié)構(gòu)形式設(shè)計(jì)為手動(dòng)與電動(dòng)均可，正常操作為電動(dòng)，手動(dòng)為檢修和突發(fā)事故時(shí)用，手動(dòng)與電動(dòng)的切換采用爪式離合器，切換迅速方便，安全可靠。該減速機(jī)電動(dòng)為三級(jí)蝸輪蝸桿減速，手動(dòng)為兩級(jí)蝸輪蝸桿減速，減速比大。
關(guān)鍵詞：真空抬包、減速機(jī)、蝸輪、蝸桿
Abstract
Vacuum Ladle electrolytic aluminum smelting process is important for the equipment, Its main function is to the electrolytic aluminum electrolytic cell fluid aspirated and unlucky to mixed stoves, aluminum water transit is important equipment. Ladle vacuum can be electrolyzer the smelter was sucked out of the mix and unlucky after casting furnace into ingots. The equipment maintenance costs low, safe, low labor intensity characteristics, Several lessons can be a cell of molten aluminum and directly sent mixed furnace without the halfway turn Ladle unlucky. Al small liquid heat loss. Ladle the use of suction pressure spray of aluminum, changed the traditional vacuum suction direct aluminum, Elimination of aluminum suction vacuum system for the harm, because of their shared cell with a gas source. package can be saved vacuum system to reduce the allocation of posts, reducing equipment maintenance, repair costs, saving operation of the electricity bill.
Ladle using vacuum-pouring teapot packet structure, aluminum liquid poured from the underwrite that was blocking the slag ladle, skims good effect. Reducer is Ladle dip turn, used three worm-drive. Ladle volume due to the increase of self-respect and all aluminum volume increased, ladle the tilting torque increases, manual dumping switch effort, inefficient and unsafe, the slowdown in aircraft structure design of the manual and electric may, the normal operation of electric, Manual for Maintenance and use of emergency, manual and electrical switch using a claw-type clutch, switching speedy and convenient, safe and reliable. The electric drive for three worm-slow manual for the two worm-deceleration than decelerating.
Keywords : vacuum ladle, reduction gears, worm gears, Worm
目 錄
前言……………………………………………………………………………………1
1 項(xiàng)目分析……………………………………………………………………………3
1.1 真空抬包系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)有情況………………………………………………………3
1.2 本次設(shè)計(jì)改進(jìn)所要解決的問題………………………………………………3
2 真空抬包總體設(shè)計(jì)方案……………………………………………………………5
3 大速比傾包系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………………6
3.1 傾轉(zhuǎn)力矩的分析………………………………………………………………6
3.1.1 空包包體的傾轉(zhuǎn)力矩 …………………………………………………6
3.1.2 余留鋁液的傾轉(zhuǎn)力矩 …………………………………………………7
3.1.3 摩擦力矩 ………………………………………………………………9
3.1.4 結(jié)論分析 ………………………………………………………………9
3.2 減速機(jī)構(gòu)的分析………………………………………………………………9
3.2.1 蝸輪蝸桿減速機(jī)介紹 …………………………………………………9
3.2.2 傳動(dòng)比的分配…………………………………………………………11
3.2.3 電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇…………………………………………………………11
3.2.4 蝸輪蝸桿設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………11
4 真空抬包工藝參數(shù) ………………………………………………………………21
5 主要部分的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算與校核 ……………………………………………………22
5.1 吊鉤處………………………………………………………………………22
5.2 吊臂處………………………………………………………………………22
5.3 吊臂與包體連接處…………………………………………………………23
6 經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析 ………………………………………………………………………24
總結(jié) …………………………………………………………………………………25
致謝 …………………………………………………………………………………27
參考文獻(xiàn) ……………………………………………………………………………28
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