高考英語語法精講與精練 ：第十一章 名詞性從句

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1、高考英語語法精講與精練 ：第十一章 名詞性從句 第十一章 名詞性從句精講與精練 一、名詞性從句講前練：在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~ I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today. This afternoon a poorly dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew [1] _______ he was. We wondered [2] ________ he was so hungry. We were su

2、rprised [3]_______ he finished two orders of food in a very limited time. We doubted [4]________ the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked [5]_________ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see [6]_________ he took out of a letter and a million pound bank

3、note. I asked Mr. Clements [7]__________ it was genuine(adj. 真實的，真正的). Mr. Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued (發(fā)行，發(fā)布) by the Bank of England this year. He thought [8]________ the gentleman showed them couldn't be a fake. [9]__________ a gentleman with a million poun

4、d bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldn't describe [10]___________ excited I was. Keys: 1.who 2.why 3.that 4.whether/if 5.whether/if 6.that 7.whether/if 8.what 9.Why 10.how 二、名詞性從句考點精講： 名詞性從句考點1、名詞性從句的判定（判斷下列句子中的從句是主語從句，賓語從

5、句，表語從句還是同位語從句） 1.We didn't know whether or not she was ready。 2. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。 3. China is not what it used to be.中國已不是過去的中國了。 4. The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。 結(jié)論：______________________________

6、_______________________________ 名詞性從句考點2、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞 連接詞 含義 在從句中的成分 that 無含義 不做成分 Whether 是否 不做成分 if 是否 不做成分 As though 好像，似乎 不做成分 As if 好像，似乎 不做成分 What (1)什么（2）所…的(東西,地方,人,話…) (3)多么…! 主、賓、表 Who 誰 主、賓、表 Whom 誰 賓 which 哪一個、哪一些 主、賓、表 when 什么時候 時間狀語 where 什么地方 地點狀語 wh

7、y 為什么 原因狀語 how (1)怎么樣，如何(2)多么 方式狀語 how many 多少（+可數(shù)名詞） how much 多少（+可數(shù)名詞） how often 多久一次（問頻率） 狀語 How soon 多久以后 狀語 Whatever …的一切；無論什么 主、賓、表 whichever …中的任何一個；無論哪一個 主、賓、表 whoever …中的任何一個人；無論誰 主、賓、表 whomever …中的任何一個人；無論誰 賓語 whosever 無論誰的，無論…的 定語 注意：用什么連接詞連接從句主要看含義，同時分析句子成

8、分幫助解題。 名詞性從句考點3、名詞性從句的常必考點 1、what與that的用法 ①what（什么，所…..的人/物/東西，多么）可引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句，并且在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語(尤其注意what引導(dǎo)的從句可作介詞賓語)，表“所…..的人/物/東西”時，相當(dāng)于“名詞或代詞＋that/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句”；另外what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。 EG1:What he said was a fact. EG2:What is needed is a good text book. EG3:He is no longer what he used to be.

9、 ②that在名詞性從句中只引導(dǎo)從句，沒有含義，不充當(dāng)成分。 如：That he said nothing at the meeting surprised us. [注]介詞后不接that從句，除了in that...和except that...之外。 that引導(dǎo)兩個以上的賓語從句，第一個that可省略，其后的that都不可省略。that引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時，that不可省。 考點對練1：完成下列句子： ①The school is no longer ________ it used to be. ＝The school is no longer the

10、one________ it used to be. ②Finally he told us everything ________ he had seen.＝Finally he told us ________ he had seen. ③They arrived in ________ was once a school. ＝They arrive in the place ________ was once a school. ④Don't care ________ others think about you. ⑤Do you know ________ they do

11、with waste paper? ⑥_______the famous singer will come to our school next week excites all of us. 【答案】①what；that?、趖hat；what?、踳hat；that/which④what?、輜hat ⑥.that 2、“疑問詞＋ever”和“no matter＋疑問詞”的用法 “疑問詞＋ever”既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀從；但是“no matter＋疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 考點對練2：完成下列句子： ①________ leaves th

12、e room last ought to turn off the lights. ________ leaves the room last，he ought to turn off the lights. ②He wouldn't listen to ________ I said. ________ I said，he wouldn't listen to me. ③Sarah hopes to become a friend of ________ shares her interest. ________ comes，you mustn't open the door.

13、④As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best. 【答案】①Whoever；Whoever/No matter who　:②whatever；Whatever/No matter what　 ③whoever；Whoever/No matter who?、躻hichever 3、if與whether的用法 1). if和whether都可譯為“是否”，兩者引導(dǎo)賓語從句時通?？梢曰ハ嗵鎿Q。而以下幾種情況中，只能用whether，不能用if： ①強調(diào)兩方面的

14、選擇，特別是whether后緊跟or not時。如： Let me know whether or not you can come. ②賓語從句前置時。如：Whether this is true，I can't say. ③引導(dǎo)主語、表語、同位語從句時。如： Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. (主語從句) The question is whether he can do it. (表語從句) The question whether we should go with them m

15、ust be decided at once. (同位語從句) ④在介詞之后作賓語時。如： Whether we will go there depends on whether it is going to rain. ⑤在不定式前與不定式一起組成短語時。如：Whether to go or stay is still a question. [注]if可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，有“假如；如果”之意，而whether可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，有“不管；無論” 之意。 如：If you ask him，he will help you. Whether he comes in time o

16、r late，we will begin our party on time. 考點對練3-1：單句改錯 ①He treated all the people around him, if he knew or he didn't know. ②You have not yet answered my question if or not I can join in the party tonight. ③Whether you have any question, don’t hesitate to ask me. 2). whether和that的區(qū)別：that表示事實，而

17、whether 表示疑問。 考點對練3-2：完成下列句子： ①________ they are twins is clear. — ________ they are twins is not clear. ②There is a question/an argument ____________ we have enough time to do it. ③The problem is ________ he is poor at English. —The problem is ________ he can improve his English. 【答案】①That

18、；Whether　②whether?、踭hat；how/whether 4、同位語從句和定語從句 1)①同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。連接詞 that, which, when. where, why, how, whether, what等，引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，應(yīng)在某些抽象名詞之后，如：fact，hope， thought，suggestion，idea，news，possibility，doubt，truth，word(消息)，request，information，order，message等，對前面的名詞起補充說明的作用。同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞

19、后面，而是被別的詞隔開。 ②定語從句是修飾或限定前面的名詞。 EG1: The news that we won the game excited us. EG2: The news that our English teacher told us excited us. 2)兩種從句中that的用法：定語從句中的that是關(guān)系代詞，既起引導(dǎo)從句的作用，同時又在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語，而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。 考點對練4：完成下列句子： ①The news ________ he told us excited us. The

20、news ________ our team won the game excited us. ②The fact ________ he collected was surprising. The fact ________ he said nothing was surprising. ③There is a chance/possibility ________ he will lose the game. ＝________ are that he will lose the game. ④Information has been put forward ________ m

21、ore middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. 【答案】①that/which/不填；that?、趖hat/which/不填；that?、踭hat；Chances　④that 5、It is...和There is... It is...句型中it為形式主語，真正的主語為動名詞、不定式或從句，而There is意為“有……”，有時be也可以用exist，remain等替代。 考點對練5：用it，there填空： ①________ is a pity that he was absent. ②_____

22、___ is a fact that he has lied to you. ③________is no wonder that he is so excited. ④________ is no need to worry about it. ⑤____is no sense/point (in) arguing with him. ⑥________ is no doubt that he has gone. 【答案】①It?、贗t　③It?、躎here　⑤There?、轙here 6、表語從句中的常見句型 常用的句型有： ①The reason is that.....

23、.；含義為“原因是......”；that后接是reason的具體內(nèi)容。常與定語從句同時考，構(gòu)成句型：The reason why..... is that......, 此句型中why引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，而that引導(dǎo)的是表語從句。一定記住reason后的表語從句用that引導(dǎo)，而不是because。 ②It is because......；含義為“它是因為......”，because后接的是“it”發(fā)生的原因。 ③That's why......；含義為“那就是為什么......”，why后接的是“that”導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。 ④That's where......; 含義為“那就是..

24、....的地方”。 考點對練6：完成下列句子： ①The reason ______ he is absent from school is ________ he is ill. ＝He is ill. That's ________ he is absent from school. ＝He is absent from school. That's ________ he is ill. ②The reason ____ he gave was ___ he was caught in the traffic jam. The reason ________he didn’t

25、 come to school today was _________ he was ill. ③That's ____ the problem lies. That's _______the problem lies in. 【答案】①why；that；why；because?、趙hich/that/不填, that; why, that ③ where；what 三、名詞性從句應(yīng)考技巧： 1、在語法填空題中，如果空格在句子的開頭，則需考慮用連詞，再根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷屬于什么從句，再根據(jù)含義及從句的特征判斷用哪一個連詞。 2、在語法改錯題中，主要關(guān)注從句與主句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，再

26、者注意?？嫉倪B詞的用法是否準(zhǔn)確，如：although/though不與but連用，but與and的誤用，because不與so連用，that與which的用法，what與that的用法等。 四、名詞性從句考點精練 (一)單句語法填空 1.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. Key:what 【解析】考查主語從句。句意：這次經(jīng)歷的驚人之處在于這世界之外的景色。此處是主語從句，從句缺乏主語，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)，指代“經(jīng)歷的事情”。故填What

27、。 2.【2020?浙江高考】Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on　57　could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. Key: what。【解析】考查名詞性從句。what could be hunted or gathered from the wild是what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,作depend on的賓語。what是連接代詞,表示“……東西”,在賓語從句中作

28、主語。 3.【2019·全國卷Ⅰ】The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence　61　they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada. Key: that 解析】that?？疾橥徽Z從句的連接詞。分析句子可知,同位語從句結(jié)構(gòu)意義

29、完整,解釋說明evidence的內(nèi)容,只缺少連接詞,故填that。 4.【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than 　8　they go. Key：where 【解析】考查名詞性從句中的連接詞。句意：學(xué)生在大學(xué)里做什么似乎比他們?nèi)ツ睦锔匾?。句中g(shù)o是不及物動詞,接副詞作狀語,表示“他們未來走向何方”,故填where，在介詞than 后跟賓語從句；與What students do at college進行對比。 5.【2021.3 天津卷單項選擇改編】What puzzles Lily's f

30、riends is she always has so many crazy ideas. Key: why 【解析】考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意：令Lily的朋友們感到困擾的是她為什么總是有這么多瘋狂的想法。分析成分結(jié)構(gòu)句子，該空需要一個表語從句的連接詞。再結(jié)合句意可知，應(yīng)該是朋友們不明白Lily 為什么有這么多瘋狂的想法。所以本句為why引導(dǎo)的表語從句。故填：why。 6.【2020江蘇高考真題改編】It is not a problem _____ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time. Key: w

31、hether【解析】考查主語從句。句意：我們能否打贏這場戰(zhàn)斗不是問題；這只是時間問題。根據(jù)下文it’s just a matter of time可知，此處指”我們能否打贏這場戰(zhàn)斗不是問題”，it是形式主語，whether引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語。故填whether。 7.【2020天津高考真題改編】The student completed this experiment to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said. Key: what【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：為了使約瑟夫教授所說的成為現(xiàn)實，這個學(xué)生完成了這個實驗。____

32、_____ Professor Joseph had said作make的賓語從句，該從句中，空處在從句中作said的賓語，表示”……所說的話”，因此應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)該從句。 8.【2019·江蘇卷·單項填空改編】Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body. Key：that 【解析】考查同位語從句。句意：科學(xué)家已經(jīng)獲得更多證據(jù)，塑料正在進入人們的體內(nèi)。從句不缺句子成分，且與evidence指代的是同一事件，故用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

33、9.【2018·天津·單項填空改編】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race. Key：whoever【解析】考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意：無論誰獲得自行車比賽第一名，金牌將授予他。分析句子可知，空格處做be awarded to的賓語，同時在后面的從句中做主語，再根據(jù)句意可知，這里主語指人，故用whoever, 表示“任何人，無論誰”。 10.【2018·江蘇】21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _

34、______ we arrived. Key: 【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：乘船是到達這里唯一的途徑，這就是我們?nèi)绾蔚竭_的。分析which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句可知，后面為表語從句。分析句意可知，這里用連接副詞how引導(dǎo)表語從句，充當(dāng)方式狀語，表示“如何”。故填how。 11.【2018·全國III】I'm not sure _______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Key: which 22.【2015全國II】As natural ar

35、chitects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. Key:how 23.【2014年廣東卷】I didn’t understand _______ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. Key:why 24.【2012年廣東卷】The new boy l

36、ooked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ___________ the boy would do. Key:what 25．【2015·江蘇卷】________Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it. 解析：句意：李白是中國一位偉大的詩人，他的出生地是眾所周知的，但有些人不愿接受這一事實。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，a great Chinese poet做Li

37、Bai的同位語，is前面是主語從句，where在主語從句中作地點狀語。 答案：Where 26．【2015·浙江卷】If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate________is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water. 解析：句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，一定要調(diào)查水下有什么東西。(因為)經(jīng)常會有些巖石或樹枝暗藏在水里。動詞investigate后的賓語從句中缺少主語，故填what。 答案：what 27

38、．【2015·重慶卷】We must find out________Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him. 解析：句意：我們必須弄明白卡爾什么時候來，為的是我們能給他預(yù)定房間。find out 后面跟著賓語從句，根據(jù)句意填when。 答案：when 28．【2015·安徽卷】A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not________ ships are built for. 解析：句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但這并非建造船的目的。isn't后跟從句作表語，表語從句中的for后缺少賓語，用wha

39、t引導(dǎo)，what與for連用，表示目的。 答案：what 29．【2015·福建卷】—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day. 解析：句意：——我好奇瑪麗在這些年是怎么保持著身材的。——通過每天鍛煉。句中I是主語，wonder是謂語，how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句在整個句子中做賓語。連接副詞how是賓語從句中的方式狀語。句子是用表示方式的介詞by回答的，所以是針對方式提問的，故用how。 答案：how 30．【2015·湖南卷】You have to

40、 know________you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. 解析：句意：如果你要計劃到達那里的最佳路線，你就必須知道你要去哪兒。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作地點狀語。 答案：where 31．【2015·陜西卷】Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. 解析：句意：讀完了她的自傳后，我對Doris Lessing

41、在文學(xué)上做出的貢獻非常敬佩。介詞for后面是賓語從句，從句中缺少賓語，所以填what。 答案：what 32．【2014·山東卷】It is difficult for us to imagine ________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 解析：句意：我們很難想象古代奴隸們的生活是什么樣子的。根據(jù)分析可知在該空引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中介詞like后面缺少賓語且設(shè)空處表示“事物”，所以填what，用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句。 答案：what 33．【2014·重慶卷】—Is it true that Mike refused an o

42、ffer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah，but I have no idea ________ he did it；that's one of his favorite universities. 解析：句意：——邁克昨天拒絕了耶魯大學(xué)給他的錄取機會，這是真的嗎？——是的，但是我不知道他為什么會這樣做，那可是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一。根據(jù)句意填why。why引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 答案：why 34．【2014·四川卷】Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That's ________ I was bor

43、n.” 解析：句意：奶奶指著那家醫(yī)院說：“那就是我出生的地方?！北绢}考查表語從句。根據(jù)句意可知該空應(yīng)該填表示地點的連接詞引導(dǎo)表語從句，故填where。 答案：where (二)單句語法改錯 1.【2020·全國卷II】Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. Key: what→which 考查非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞和名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的的用法。句意：謝謝你的來信，你的信真正讓我開心。分析句子，逗號后的從句為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞your letter，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

44、故將what改為which；注意：。What 不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。 2.【2020·全國卷III】 Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation. Key:what→that 【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞和名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的的用法。句意：出于對媽媽好意的理解，我滿懷感激地吃著媽媽提供的所有食物。這里含有一個定語從句，先行詞是all the food，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物，可用that或which，先行詞被all所修飾，只能使用that，不能使用

45、which，且what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，所以what改成that。 3.【2018·全國卷I I】The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. Key：where→when考查賓語從句的連接詞與時間狀語從句的連接詞。句意：當(dāng)我是個孩子的時候我父母教給我的紙牌游戲在我日后的生活中證明非常有用。where I was a child并不是賓語從句連接詞也不是表示地點，而是時間狀語。故把where改為when。 4.【2018·全國III】I w

46、as afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. Key:劃掉that 5.【2016·全新課標(biāo)I】My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Key:that→where 6.【2016·全新課標(biāo)II】My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. Key:how→what 7.【2015·全國II】After looking at the toy

47、for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Key:where→that 8. If he is fit for the job is unknown to all. Key:If→whether 9. This is clear that it is much colder today than yesterday. Key:This→It 10. That he told us at the gate was quite interesting.Key:That→what 1

48、1. I don’t doubt whether he will come in time. Key:whether→that 12. It depends on if we have enough money. Key: if→whether 13. The reason why they were always poor was which they paid little attention to education. Key: which→that 14. It never occurred to me what you could succeed in persuading

49、 him to change his mind. Key: what→that 15. We express the hope which the Browns would come to China again. Key:which→that 16.I know nothing about the accident except that I read in the newspaper. Key:tha→what 17. The town is quite different from as it was 3 years ago. Key:as→what 18.If thi

50、s is true or not, I really don’t know. Key: If→whether. 19.What I have been admitted into the Beijing University excited me. Key:what→that 20.【2013全國II】But before long they began to see which was happening. Key: which→what (二)名詞性從句語篇填空訓(xùn)練 Yesterday we went camping at the foot of the mountain.

51、[1]________impressed us most was the beauty of the high mountain. There were a great many tourists visiting the mountain. There was no doubt [2]________they were attracted by the beauty of the mountain as well. During the camp, we found some waste thrown away by the tourists. [3]_________we were con

52、cerned about was [4]__________the tourist spot could be well reserved. We came up with an idea [5]________we called for the tourists to pay attention to protecting the environment and [6]_________they should put away the waste. That’s [7]_____________we did to protect the environment. Some of the tourists agreed [8]________it was important to protect the environment. [9]_________we can live in harmony with nature depends on [10]__________we take action to reduce the pollution. Keys:1.what 2.that 3.what 4.whether 5.that 6.that 7.what 8.that 9.whether 10whether