高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題13 特殊句式（強(qiáng)調(diào)、倒裝、省略、there be）課件 人教版

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1、專題十三專題十三 特殊句式（強(qiáng)調(diào)、倒裝、省略、特殊句式（強(qiáng)調(diào)、倒裝、省略、there bethere be）一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句定義：強(qiáng)調(diào)句是一種修辭方式，是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感定義：強(qiáng)調(diào)句是一種修辭方式，是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式。而使用的一種形式。強(qiáng)調(diào)方式主要有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：強(qiáng)調(diào)方式主要有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：類(lèi)型類(lèi)型例句例句 用助動(dòng)詞用助動(dòng)詞“do/doesdid動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)強(qiáng)來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 He does know the place well.Do write to me when you get there. 用形容詞用形容詞 very，o

2、nly，single，such, last 等修等修飾名詞或形容詞來(lái)加強(qiáng)飾名詞或形容詞來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。語(yǔ)氣。 The last thing she needed was more work.Thats the very textbook we used last term.You are the only person here who can speak Chinese.How dare you buy such expensive jewels? 用倒裝句（將要強(qiáng)調(diào)的用倒裝句（將要強(qiáng)調(diào)的句子或被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分置句子或被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分置于句首）來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。于句首）來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。On the table w

3、ere some flowers.Many a time have I climbed that hill. 用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：“It is/was被被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that/who原原句其他部分句其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分為分為“人人”時(shí)用時(shí)用who/that，否則都用否則都用that。注意：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分不能是謂注意：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分不能是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 It was on Monday night that all this happened.Its me who he blamed.It was what you did that made me satisfied.I

4、t is I who/that am in charge of the factory. 用用in the world，on earth，at all等介詞短語(yǔ)可以表達(dá)更強(qiáng)等介詞短語(yǔ)可以表達(dá)更強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)氣（常用于疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)氣（常用于疑問(wèn)句)。Where in the world could he be?What on earth is it? 【考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一】考查考查not . until 結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is/was not until+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分。其他部分。【即學(xué)即練即學(xué)即練】單項(xiàng)填空單項(xiàng)填空It _ we had staye

5、d together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; whenB. was until; thatC. wasnt until; whenD. wasnt until; that答案：答案：D 【考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二】考查復(fù)合句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型考查復(fù)合句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型【即學(xué)即練即學(xué)即練】單項(xiàng)填空單項(xiàng)填空Was it _ he was seriously ill that he didnt come to school yesterday?A. although B. that C. because D.

6、 since_ he came back home that we knew what had happened.A. When it was B. It was whenC. Was it when D. When was it答案：答案：C B 【考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句其結(jié)構(gòu)是：疑問(wèn)詞其結(jié)構(gòu)是：疑問(wèn)詞+is/was+it+that+其他部分，但這類(lèi)句型如出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，其他部分，但這類(lèi)句型如出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞+it+is/was+that+其他部分。其他部分。Where was it that you met the F

7、renchman?【即學(xué)即練即學(xué)即練】單項(xiàng)填空單項(xiàng)填空_ electricity plays an important part in our daily life?A. Why was it that B. Why is it thatC. Why is it D. Why it is that答案：答案：B 【難點(diǎn)一難點(diǎn)一】正確判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型正確判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確。用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確。It was the school gate _ I met an old friend of mine after class.Was it in

8、this palace _ the last emperor died?解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)部分必須是對(duì)解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)部分必須是對(duì) that /who 之后句子的某一成分表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，之后句子的某一成分表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，如果把如果把“It is (was).that”去掉，該句意思完整。題如果去掉去掉，該句意思完整。題如果去掉It was與橫線部分，與橫線部分，則成分不完整，則成分不完整，the school gate 前應(yīng)該加上前應(yīng)該加上at才能作狀語(yǔ)，才能構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，才能作狀語(yǔ)，才能構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，所以題為定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)填所以題為定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)填where；題若去掉；題若去掉Was it與橫線部分，句子

9、完整，故與橫線部分，句子完整，故應(yīng)填應(yīng)填that，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。 【難點(diǎn)二難點(diǎn)二】強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與It is/was+時(shí)間時(shí)間+when/before從句；從句；It be+時(shí)間時(shí)間+since從句；從句；It be long.before.等句型的區(qū)別。等句型的區(qū)別。用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確It was at midnight _ I got back home yesterday.It was midnight _ I got back home yesterday.It is two years _ I bega

10、n to learn English.It may be many years_ the situation improves.解析：通過(guò)分析題干可知，題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，空白處應(yīng)填解析：通過(guò)分析題干可知，題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，空白處應(yīng)填that；題以名詞的方式來(lái)表示時(shí)間，其后從句是；題以名詞的方式來(lái)表示時(shí)間，其后從句是when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；題表引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；題表示示“自從自從以來(lái)已有多久以來(lái)已有多久”，用，用since來(lái)引導(dǎo)；題用的是來(lái)引導(dǎo)；題用的是“It was+時(shí)間段時(shí)間段+before從句從句”表示表示“過(guò)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才過(guò)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才”。二、倒裝句二、倒裝句

11、定義：為了強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出等目的而顛倒原有語(yǔ)序的句式叫做倒裝句，顛倒了的成分定義：為了強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出等目的而顛倒原有語(yǔ)序的句式叫做倒裝句，顛倒了的成分可以恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變，句法成分不變。倒裝句分為三種：可以恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變，句法成分不變。倒裝句分為三種：完全倒裝：指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。完全倒裝：指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。部分倒裝：指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。如果句中的部分倒裝：指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或或did，

12、并將其置于主語(yǔ)之，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。前。形式倒裝：在語(yǔ)法上又被稱為前置。它的特點(diǎn)是，只把強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容提置句首，主形式倒裝：在語(yǔ)法上又被稱為前置。它的特點(diǎn)是，只把強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容提置句首，主謂并不倒裝。謂并不倒裝。具體用法見(jiàn)下表：具體用法見(jiàn)下表：倒裝類(lèi)型倒裝類(lèi)型例句例句部分倒裝部分倒裝Only in this way can you solve this problem.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 完全倒裝完全倒裝Up went

13、 the rocket into the air.Such would be our home in the future.On top of the hill stands a tall tree.Here comes the bus. 形式倒裝形式倒裝What an interesting talk they had!The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise. 【考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一】部分倒裝部分倒裝部分倒裝主要

14、有以下幾種情況：部分倒裝主要有以下幾種情況：(1)句首狀語(yǔ)為否定詞（組）或半否定詞（組）的句子。這類(lèi)詞或短語(yǔ)主要有句首狀語(yǔ)為否定詞（組）或半否定詞（組）的句子。這類(lèi)詞或短語(yǔ)主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time, few, not, no等。等。Little does he care about what I said.(2)only+狀語(yǔ)放在句首，要部分倒裝。注意，狀語(yǔ)放在句首，要部分倒裝。注意，only修飾主語(yǔ)不倒

15、裝。修飾主語(yǔ)不倒裝。Only by this means is it possible to explain it.(3)so/such.that結(jié)構(gòu)中的結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或或such位于句首。位于句首。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.(4)“neither/nor助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”表示表示“某人或某事亦非如某人或某事亦非如此此”；“so助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”表示表示“某人或某事亦是如此某人或某事亦是如此”。注意：當(dāng)陳述部分既有肯

16、定又有否定或者謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又有助動(dòng)詞注意：當(dāng)陳述部分既有肯定又有否定或者謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又有助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可用下面兩個(gè)句型：時(shí)，可用下面兩個(gè)句型：It is the same with.或或So it is with.。Jack is a student and he studies hard. It is the same with Tom.“so主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”表示表示“某人或某事確實(shí)如此某人或某事確實(shí)如此”。I reminded you not to forget the appointment.So you did.(5)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句含

17、有引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句含有were, had，should時(shí)時(shí), 可省略可省略if, 再把再把were, should或或had移到從句句首。移到從句句首。Had you come earlier, you would have met him.(6)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed! 【考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二】完全倒裝完全倒裝全部倒裝即完全倒裝有以下幾種情況：全部倒裝即完全倒裝有以下幾種情況：(1)There be結(jié)構(gòu)。另外，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來(lái)代替結(jié)構(gòu)。另外，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來(lái)代替be動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞有：動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞有：exist, seem, happen, a

18、ppear, live, rise, stand等。等。There exist different opinions on this question. (2)“Here/There/Now/Then+come (或或be等等)+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。本句型中本句型中there是副詞是副詞,應(yīng)重讀應(yīng)重讀,強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)。而強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)。而There be句型中句型中there本身沒(méi)意義。本身沒(méi)意義。Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.There comes the bus.此句型中的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞。如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，就不用倒裝。此句型中的

19、主語(yǔ)必須是名詞。如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，就不用倒裝。There she comes.(3)表示方向的副詞表示方向的副詞out, in, up, down等置于句首等置于句首,要用全部倒裝。但主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)要用全部倒裝。但主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)用部分倒裝。用部分倒裝。In came Mr White.Away went the boy.Out she went.(4)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ) (如如:on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house等等)放放在句首時(shí)，要全部倒裝。在句首時(shí)，要全部倒裝。On the top of the hill s

20、tands a pine tree.They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.(5)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。Long live the Peoples Republic of China! (6)其他形式的完全倒裝。其他形式的完全倒裝。Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster.（形容詞短語(yǔ)）（形容詞短語(yǔ)）East of the city lies a new railway. (副詞短語(yǔ)副詞短語(yǔ))First to be complet

21、ed was the seven-storey teaching building. (不定式短語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ))Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay. (過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞)Lying on the floor was a boy aged 15. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ))三、省略句三、省略句省略句是英語(yǔ)的一種習(xí)慣用法。按照語(yǔ)法的分析，句子應(yīng)該具備的成分，有時(shí)出省略句是英語(yǔ)的一種習(xí)慣用法。按照語(yǔ)法的分析，句子應(yīng)該具備的成分，有時(shí)出于修辭上的需要，在句中并不出現(xiàn)，這種句子叫做省略句，這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象稱為于修辭上的需要，在句中并不出現(xiàn)，這種

22、句子叫做省略句，這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象稱為“省略省略”。其特點(diǎn)是：雖然省去句子語(yǔ)法構(gòu)造所需要的組成部分，但仍能表達(dá)其。其特點(diǎn)是：雖然省去句子語(yǔ)法構(gòu)造所需要的組成部分，但仍能表達(dá)其完整的意義。省略形式多樣，從單詞、短語(yǔ)到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定完整的意義。省略形式多樣，從單詞、短語(yǔ)到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的銜接關(guān)系，不容臆斷。的銜接關(guān)系，不容臆斷。省略用法見(jiàn)下表：省略用法見(jiàn)下表：省略類(lèi)型省略類(lèi)型例句例句不定式的省略不定式的省略He may leave if he wishes to. I prefer not to. 狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略While (you are) cycli

23、ng, dont forget the traffic lights.He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help. so, not 替代詞的省略替代詞的省略Get up early tomorrow. If not, you will miss the first bus.He may not be at home then. If s

24、o, leave him a note. 【考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一】考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略在以在以when, while, if, as if, though (although), as, whether, once, whenever等連詞引等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若從句的主語(yǔ)是導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若從句的主語(yǔ)是it或與主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且在謂語(yǔ)中含有或與主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且在謂語(yǔ)中含有be動(dòng)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常省略從句的主語(yǔ)和詞時(shí)，常省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be，引導(dǎo)詞后直接跟不定式、分詞、形容詞、介詞短，引導(dǎo)詞后直接跟不定式、分詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。語(yǔ)等。Look out for cars when (y

25、ou are) crossing the street.While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary. 【考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二】不定式符號(hào)不定式符號(hào)to的省略的省略感官實(shí)義動(dòng)詞感官實(shí)義動(dòng)詞see, hear, feel, watch等和使役動(dòng)詞等和使役動(dòng)詞 have, make

26、, let等后接不定式作等后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)賓補(bǔ)時(shí), 省略不定式省略不定式to；do nothing but, cant (help/choose) but等結(jié)構(gòu)常接省略等結(jié)構(gòu)常接省略to的不定式；在口語(yǔ)中，為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可以省去和句子前部重復(fù)的動(dòng)詞原的不定式；在口語(yǔ)中，為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可以省去和句子前部重復(fù)的動(dòng)詞原形而只保留形而只保留 不定式符號(hào)不定式符號(hào) to。I watched him disappear in the distance.Sandy could do nothing but admit to his teacher that he was wrong. 【考點(diǎn)三

27、考點(diǎn)三】替代詞替代詞so/notso/not的省略的省略用于避免重復(fù)前面說(shuō)過(guò)的內(nèi)容，替代詞用于避免重復(fù)前面說(shuō)過(guò)的內(nèi)容，替代詞so/not代替肯定或否定的內(nèi)容?？膳c代替肯定或否定的內(nèi)容?？膳cbelieve, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think, Im afraid, if等連等連用用。否定時(shí)否定時(shí)hope與與guess 只用只用I hope not 和和I guess not 形式，而形式，而think, believe, suppose等其他詞可有兩種否定形等其他詞可有兩種否定形式式 ，即，即：I think no

28、t 或或I dont think so。Will you be able to finish your report today?I hope so.The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? I guess not. 【考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四】日常交際中的省略日常交際中的省略在情景會(huì)話中，答語(yǔ)常常省略不會(huì)引起歧義的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)部分，而只保留在情景會(huì)話中，答語(yǔ)常常省略不會(huì)引起歧義的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)部分，而只保留對(duì)方希望了解的內(nèi)容。在復(fù)合句或并列句中，也有省略主、謂、賓的情況。對(duì)方希望了解的內(nèi)容。在復(fù)合句或并列句中，也有省略主、謂、賓的情況。

29、【即學(xué)即練即學(xué)即練】單項(xiàng)填空單項(xiàng)填空Can I speak to Mr. Wang, please?_A. Who are you? B. Im Wang.C. Speaking. D. Are you John? How about seeing the new movie at the theatre tonight?_, but Ive got to go over my notes for tomorrows exam. A. All right B. Sounds great C. I cant D. No, I am terribly sorry答案：答案：C B不定式的省略問(wèn)題不

30、定式的省略問(wèn)題用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確。用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確。My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didnt want_ . Are you a sailor?No, but I used_ .解析：在特定語(yǔ)境中為了避免重復(fù)，當(dāng)不定式再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞解析：在特定語(yǔ)境中為了避免重復(fù)，當(dāng)不定式再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞(如：如：want, wish, hope, try, plan, like, love, hate，have, ought, be going)，某些形容詞，某些形容詞(如：如：glad, ha

31、ppy, pleased, delighted等等)后往往只保留后往往只保留to，而省略后面的動(dòng)詞，否定形，而省略后面的動(dòng)詞，否定形式的省略則用式的省略則用not to，但當(dāng)不定式后有，但當(dāng)不定式后有be, have, have been時(shí)，要保留時(shí)，要保留be, have和和have been。因此，第題填。因此，第題填to；而題填；而題填to be。四、反義疑問(wèn)句四、反義疑問(wèn)句反義疑問(wèn)句即附加疑問(wèn)句，是對(duì)陳述句所表示的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問(wèn)的句子。反義疑問(wèn)句即附加疑問(wèn)句，是對(duì)陳述句所表示的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問(wèn)的句子。附加疑問(wèn)實(shí)際上是一種簡(jiǎn)略的一般疑問(wèn)句。反義疑問(wèn)句由兩部分組成：前一部附加疑問(wèn)實(shí)際

32、上是一種簡(jiǎn)略的一般疑問(wèn)句。反義疑問(wèn)句由兩部分組成：前一部分是一個(gè)陳述句，后一部分是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的疑問(wèn)句，兩部分的人稱時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一分是一個(gè)陳述句，后一部分是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的疑問(wèn)句，兩部分的人稱時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。致。組成反意疑問(wèn)句的兩部分：前肯后否，前否后肯。組成反意疑問(wèn)句的兩部分：前肯后否，前否后肯。常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)見(jiàn)下表：常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)見(jiàn)下表：陳述部分陳述部分反義疑問(wèn)句部分反義疑問(wèn)句部分例句例句祈使句祈使句用用will you表示表示 “請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求”，或用，或用wont you 表示提醒對(duì)方注意；表示提醒對(duì)方注意；在否定的祈使句后，只能用在否定的祈使句后，只能用will you。Lets引導(dǎo)的祈使句表示引導(dǎo)的祈使句表示“

33、建議建議”時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分用時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分用shall we。 Look at the blackboard, will you/wont you?Lets go home, shall we/shant we/may I?Let me/us have a try, will you/wont you?Dont forget, will you? 感嘆句感嘆句用用be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式What fine weather, isnt it? 含實(shí)義動(dòng)含實(shí)義動(dòng)詞詞need, dare用助動(dòng)詞用助動(dòng)詞do的適當(dāng)形式的適當(dāng)形式He needs help, doesnt he

34、? 主、謂語(yǔ)是主、謂語(yǔ)是I am.時(shí)時(shí)用用arent IIm working now, arent I？ 主語(yǔ)是主語(yǔ)是everything, nothing, anything主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用代詞主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用代詞itSomething is wrong with my radio, isnt it?主語(yǔ)是主語(yǔ)是everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,nobody,no one,none,neither 主語(yǔ)需用復(fù)數(shù)代詞主語(yǔ)需用復(fù)數(shù)代詞they(也可用也可用he)Everyone is here, arent they? No one knows about it, do t

35、hey?Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didnt they? 主語(yǔ)是指示代詞主語(yǔ)是指示代詞this/that或或 these/those 主語(yǔ)與之對(duì)應(yīng)用主語(yǔ)與之對(duì)應(yīng)用it或或they This is a plane, isnt it? These are grapes，arent they? 主語(yǔ)是不定代詞主語(yǔ)是不定代詞one時(shí)時(shí) 主語(yǔ)可以用主語(yǔ)可以用one，也，也可用可用he(美式英語(yǔ)美式英語(yǔ)) One should be ready to help others, shouldnt one? 含有否定詞：含有否定詞：few,little,seld

36、om,ha-rdly,not,no,no one,nobody,nothing,none,neither等等反意疑問(wèn)句部分用肯反意疑問(wèn)句部分用肯定提問(wèn)定提問(wèn) He is never late for school, is he?He hardly knows anything about computer, does he? 含的否定詞是通過(guò)加前含的否定詞是通過(guò)加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成綴或后綴構(gòu)成 反意疑問(wèn)句部分用否反意疑問(wèn)句部分用否定結(jié)構(gòu)定結(jié)構(gòu) It is unfair, isnt it?He was unsuccessful, wasnt he? 有否定含義的詞在陳述有否定含義的詞在陳述部分作動(dòng)詞

37、的賓語(yǔ)部分作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用否定結(jié)構(gòu)否定結(jié)構(gòu) You got nothing from him, did you? 主語(yǔ)是從句、不定式、主語(yǔ)是從句、不定式、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞ing形式形式主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用itWhat you need is more important, isnt it？ 主從復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定；若根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定；若主從復(fù)合句為含主從復(fù)合句為含I think /believe/suppose.that. 結(jié)構(gòu)，與從句的主、謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，與從句的主、謂語(yǔ)保持一致。保持一致。 They agreed that the United Stat

38、es shouldnt make a war on Iraq, didnt they? I dont think he will come, will he?I suppose (that) he is serious, isnt he? 并列句并列句謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定而定I wont go there, but he will go instead, wont he? 含有含有have/had todont/didntYou have to water the plants, dont you? there be句型句型用用thereThere was a ho

39、spital here, wasnt there? 含有含有had better用用hadntWe had better go there at once, hadnt we?含有情態(tài)動(dòng)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詞mustmust表示表示“必須必須”，反意疑問(wèn)句，反意疑問(wèn)句部分為部分為mustnt.? /neednt.?must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部表示推測(cè)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分與分與must后面的動(dòng)詞呼應(yīng)。后面的動(dòng)詞呼應(yīng)。 We mustnt be late, must we?You must go home now, neednt you? /mustnt you?Tom must be at home

40、now，isnt he? 含含used to表表示示“過(guò)去常過(guò)去常常常”didnt+主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)或usednt+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)He used to live in China, usednt /didnt he?would rather/like to+v.wouldnt+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)He would rather stay at home, wouldnt he?含有含有ought to，陳，陳述部分是肯定的述部分是肯定的shouldnt/oughtnt+主主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)You ought to do this work, shouldnt you? 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是have (當(dāng)當(dāng) “擁有擁有”講時(shí)講時(shí))

41、用用have形式或用形式或用do形形式式 You have a nice house, havent/dont you? He hasnt a house of his own, has he? He doesnt have a house of his own, does he? 五、五、There be 句型句型There be 結(jié)構(gòu)主要用以表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)主要用以表達(dá)“某處某處(某時(shí)某時(shí))有某人有某人(某物某物)”,其基本句型為其基本句型為“There be+某物或某人某物或某人+某地或某時(shí)某地或某時(shí)”,其中其中there 是引導(dǎo)詞，沒(méi)有詞義；是引導(dǎo)詞，沒(méi)有詞義；be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；“某

42、人或某物某人或某物”是句子的主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ);“某地或某時(shí)某地或某時(shí)”作句子的狀語(yǔ)作句子的狀語(yǔ),多為介詞短語(yǔ)。多為介詞短語(yǔ)。構(gòu)成構(gòu)成例句例句基本基本結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)There beThere is a flower in the bottle.There are four chairs and a small bed in the room. 特殊特殊結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) 在正式文體中，某些表在正式文體中，某些表示存在、發(fā)生、出現(xiàn)、示存在、發(fā)生、出現(xiàn)、坐落等意義的不及物動(dòng)坐落等意義的不及物動(dòng)詞也可以與詞也可以與there連用，連用，如：如：appear, seem, come, remain, exist, li

43、ve, stand, lie, arise等。等。 There exist many ancient temples in the country. There lies a small village in the mountain.There remains nothing more to be done. There followed the First World War. There flashed through his mind the image of a heroic fighter. 基本用法如下表：基本用法如下表：特殊特殊結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)there+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be表表示示

44、“預(yù)見(jiàn)預(yù)見(jiàn)”、“可可能能”、“必然必然”或或“過(guò)去習(xí)慣存在過(guò)去習(xí)慣存在”等。等。There might be some desserts if you wait a bit.There ought to have been someone on duty all the time. There shall be no more wars. there to be 或或there+being形式，稱形式，稱為非限定存在句，可為非限定存在句，可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、介以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、介詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)等。詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)等。 There being a railway station in the town

45、 is a great help. We expect there to be no objections. 【考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一】There be句型的主謂一致句型的主謂一致當(dāng)當(dāng)There be 后面的名詞是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上時(shí)，后面的名詞是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上時(shí)，There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動(dòng)詞要遵循動(dòng)詞要遵循“就近一致就近一致”原則，即和緊隨其后的名詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。原則，即和緊隨其后的名詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。There is a pen and two books on the desk. 【考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二】There be句型的反意疑問(wèn)句句型的反意疑問(wèn)句在在There be的句型的反

46、意疑問(wèn)句中，反問(wèn)部分的結(jié)構(gòu)為的句型的反意疑問(wèn)句中，反問(wèn)部分的結(jié)構(gòu)為be (not) there。There are some trees in your school, arent there? there be句型的非謂語(yǔ)形式句型的非謂語(yǔ)形式用用be動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空There_ no bus, we had to walk home.No one would have dreamt of there_ such a fine place.I dont want there_ any misunderstanding.There_ a bus stop so near the

47、house is a great advantage.解析：解析：There be 句型有不定式、動(dòng)詞句型有不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或形式，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等。注意它們?cè)诰渥又械某煞旨芭c句子中其他成分的搭配關(guān)系。題中狀語(yǔ)等。注意它們?cè)诰渥又械某煞旨芭c句子中其他成分的搭配關(guān)系。題中的答案應(yīng)該是的答案應(yīng)該是being，“There being+名詞名詞”構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)；題的答案應(yīng)該是語(yǔ)；題的答案應(yīng)該是being，there being在句子中作介詞在句子中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)（的賓語(yǔ)（there be結(jié)構(gòu)若出現(xiàn)在介詞結(jié)

48、構(gòu)若出現(xiàn)在介詞for的后面則要用動(dòng)詞不定式）；題答案的后面則要用動(dòng)詞不定式）；題答案to be，there to be可以作動(dòng)詞可以作動(dòng)詞want, expect, prefer 的賓語(yǔ)；題答案為的賓語(yǔ)；題答案為being，There being a bus stop用作主語(yǔ)。用作主語(yǔ)。六、祈使句六、祈使句用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表達(dá)命令，因此也常稱為命令句。用于表達(dá)命令，因此也常稱為命令句。 祈使句因?qū)ο螅粗髡Z(yǔ)）是第二人稱，祈使句因?qū)ο螅粗髡Z(yǔ)）是第二人稱，所以通常都省略。祈使句

49、的動(dòng)詞都為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。所以通常都省略。祈使句的動(dòng)詞都為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。祈使句類(lèi)型如下：祈使句類(lèi)型如下：類(lèi)型類(lèi)型例句例句 無(wú)主語(yǔ)式無(wú)主語(yǔ)式Dont be so sure. Never come late. 有主語(yǔ)式有主語(yǔ)式(表示強(qiáng)調(diào)表示強(qiáng)調(diào))You, water the flowers.You, girls clean the floor.祈使句祈使句+and+陳述句陳述句=If.,+主句；主句；祈使句祈使句+or+陳述句陳述句= If.not.,+主句主句注意：上述句型用注意：上述句型用and表示順承結(jié)果，用表示順承結(jié)果，用or表示轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)果，且主句通常用一般將表示轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)果，且主句通常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

50、來(lái)時(shí)?！炯磳W(xué)即練即學(xué)即練】單項(xiàng)填空單項(xiàng)填空Work hard,_ you will pass the exam.A. but B. or C. and D. thus答案：答案：C1. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. （2010安徽）安徽）A. where B. that C. when D. which解析：選解析：選B。考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。本題難點(diǎn)，在于強(qiáng)調(diào)部分中含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型。本題難點(diǎn)，在于強(qiáng)調(diào)部

51、分中含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句“that she had bought in the village”。2. Johns success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work _ has made him what he is today. (2010湖南湖南)A. why B. when C. which D. that解析：選解析：選D?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意為：約翰的成功絕非偶然，正是多年的努力使?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意為：約翰的成功絕非偶然，正是多年的努力使得他成就了今天的成績(jī)（成為他現(xiàn)在的樣子）。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)得他成就了今天的成

52、績(jī)（成為他現(xiàn)在的樣子）。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)“years of hard work”，其正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為：其正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為：Years of hard work has made him what he is today.3. If you have a job，_ yourself to it and finally youll succeed. (2010四川四川)A. do devote B. dont devoteC. devoting D. not devoting解析：選解析：選A?？疾橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)及?？疾橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)及“祈使句祈使句+and+將來(lái)時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)”的固定搭配。句意的固定搭配。句意為：如

53、果你有了一份工作，付出努力去做它，最后你定能成功。此處應(yīng)是祈使句，為：如果你有了一份工作，付出努力去做它，最后你定能成功。此處應(yīng)是祈使句，強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要借助助動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要借助助動(dòng)詞do，故選，故選A。4. John opened the door. There _ he had never seen before. (2010陜西陜西)A.a girl did stand B. a girl stoodC.did a girl stand D. stood a girl解析：選解析：選D。考查特殊句式。考查特殊句式。Here, There, Thus, Then等副詞位于句首，且當(dāng)句等副

54、詞位于句首，且當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，句子用全部倒裝。子的主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，句子用全部倒裝。5. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health. (2010浙江浙江)A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 解析：選解析：選C?？疾??？疾閕f條件句中的省略情況。句意為：這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)，條件句中的省略情況。句意為：這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)，如果有規(guī)律的進(jìn)行，能夠

55、有助于我們的身體健康。句子的主語(yǔ)是如果有規(guī)律的進(jìn)行，能夠有助于我們的身體健康。句子的主語(yǔ)是the experiment；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是shows；that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，if regularly是插入的條件從句，從句的主是插入的條件從句，從句的主語(yǔ)是語(yǔ)是proper amounts of exercise，條件句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致，并且含有，條件句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致，并且含有is，故省略了主語(yǔ)及故省略了主語(yǔ)及is，完整形式是：，完整形式是：if it is carried out。6. Is everyone here? Not yet.Look, there _ t

56、he rest of our guests! （2010江蘇）江蘇）A. comeB. comes C. is coming D. are coming解析：選解析：選A?？疾橹髦^一致及倒裝。考查主謂一致及倒裝。there放在句首時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，放在句首時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，由由guests可知，可知，the rest指代復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，故選指代復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，故選A。7. Not until he left his home_ to know how important the family was for him. (2010江西江西)A. did he begin B. had h

57、e begun C. he began D. he had begun解析：選解析：選A。考查倒裝。考查倒裝。not until放在句首要用部分倒裝，放在句首要用部分倒裝， begin to know發(fā)生在發(fā)生在leave之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生。之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生。8. We laugh at jokes, but seldom _ about how they work. (2010四川四川)A. we think B. think weC. we do think D. do we think解析：選解析：選D?？疾榈寡b。句意為。考查倒裝。句意為:我們因笑話而笑，但很少去思考笑話怎樣讓我們我們因笑話而

58、笑，但很少去思考笑話怎樣讓我們笑。笑。seldom為否定副詞放句首，用部分倒裝，故選為否定副詞放句首，用部分倒裝，故選D。9. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River , _ one of the ten largest cities in China. (2010重慶重慶)A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing liesC. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie解析：選解析：選A?？疾榈寡b。表示方位的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提前且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，句子用完全。

59、考查倒裝。表示方位的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提前且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，句子用完全倒裝。倒裝。10. Though _ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.(2010全國(guó)全國(guó))A. surprising B. was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised解析：選解析：選C?？疾槭÷越Y(jié)構(gòu)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。補(bǔ)充完整為：?？疾槭÷越Y(jié)構(gòu)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。補(bǔ)充完整為：Though he was surprised，故選，故選C。11. Does Jenny always keep her promise?Seldom,_ .(201

60、0山東山東5月高考模擬月高考模擬)A. if any B. whenever possible C. if everD. when necessary解析：選解析：選C?？疾槭÷詶l件句，?？疾槭÷詶l件句，if ever 表示曾經(jīng)有過(guò)。表示曾經(jīng)有過(guò)。12. Seldom _ computer games ever since he entered college.(2010濰坊市高濰坊市高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量抽樣檢測(cè)三教學(xué)質(zhì)量抽樣檢測(cè))A. did he play B. has he played C. he played D. he has played解析：選解析：選B。考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?？疾?/p>

61、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)since he entered college可以看出，應(yīng)用可以看出，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)，完成時(shí)，seldom置于句首，應(yīng)該用部分倒裝。置于句首，應(yīng)該用部分倒裝。13. Only in recent years _ realized that ability training is more important than profession training.(2010臨沂市臨沂市5月高三模擬考試月高三模擬考試)A. people have B. people hadC. were people D. have people解析：選解析：選D。考查倒裝。考查倒裝。only in

62、 recent years 放在句首，句子要用部分倒裝。放在句首，句子要用部分倒裝。14. We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case _ from practice.(2010煙臺(tái)市質(zhì)量調(diào)研煙臺(tái)市質(zhì)量調(diào)研)A. should theory separateB. theory should be separatedC. theory should separate D. should theory be separated解析：選解析：選D。考查倒裝句和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的?？疾榈寡b句和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

63、。根據(jù)后面的in no case可知用部分倒裝，理可知用部分倒裝，理論與實(shí)踐應(yīng)該是被分開(kāi)的，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。論與實(shí)踐應(yīng)該是被分開(kāi)的，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。15. I suddenly found my watch didnt work any more and only then _ I was late for school.(2010淄博市高三模擬考試淄博市高三模擬考試)A. had I realized B. I had realized C. did I realize D. realized I 解析：選解析：選C。考查倒裝?？疾榈寡b。only then 置于句首，要用部分倒裝，置于句首，

64、要用部分倒裝，then意為意為“那時(shí)那時(shí)”，所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。16. Where did you pick up the package?It was on the beach _ we were taking a walk.(2010山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)第二山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)第二次診斷性測(cè)試次診斷性測(cè)試)A. where B. that C. when D. which 解析：選解析：選A。考查定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意為：。考查定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意為：你在哪里拾到的這個(gè)包你在哪里拾到的這個(gè)包裹？裹？是在我們散步的沙灘上（拾到的）。答語(yǔ)是對(duì)拾到包裹的地點(diǎn)是在我們散步的沙灘上（拾

65、到的）。答語(yǔ)是對(duì)拾到包裹的地點(diǎn)在沙在沙灘上進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)（句子主干部分灘上進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)（句子主干部分that I picked up the package 被省略），被省略），“沙灘沙灘”又受定語(yǔ)從句的限制，所以選用關(guān)系副詞又受定語(yǔ)從句的限制，所以選用關(guān)系副詞where。17. Dont forget the appointment with the principal at the registry office,_ you?(2010上海市上海市13校高三聯(lián)考校高三聯(lián)考)A. dont B. will C. do D. shall解析：選解析：選B。考查反意疑問(wèn)句。本句為省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)

66、句，疑問(wèn)部?？疾榉匆庖蓡?wèn)句。本句為省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)該用分應(yīng)該用will you。18. _ made Daisy wild with joy?Her success in the A-level exam this year. (2010福建普通高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢測(cè)福建普通高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢測(cè))A. How was it that B. When was it thatC. Why was it thatD. What was it that解析：選解析：選D。問(wèn)句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分作原句的主語(yǔ)，由句意可知，用疑問(wèn)。問(wèn)句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分作原句的主語(yǔ)，由句意可知，用疑問(wèn)詞詞what。19._ , the gathering crowd burst into applauses. （2010江西省高安二中高江西省高安二中高三第四次月考）三第四次月考）A. On entering the hall B. When the hero entered the hallC. The hero entered the hall D. No sooner had the