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1、 代詞和連詞 第二十四講 【名題實(shí)戰(zhàn)】 1Sam and Henry play football very well.We hope _ of them can join our team.(2014，重慶) Aall Bboth Cevery Dsome 2Excuse me，may I use your bicycle？_ is broken. Certainly.But remember to return it before lunch.(2014，南京) AI BMe CMyself DMine 代詞BD 3Your English is very good.Who taught y
2、ou? _I learned it all by myself.(2014，襄陽) ASomebody BEverybody CNobody DAnybody 4We have made _ a rule to read aloud in the morning.(2014，遂寧) Athis Bit CthatCB 5Susan，go and join your sister in cleaning the yard. Why _？John is sitting there doing nothing at all.(2014，黃岡) AI Bme Cmyself DmineB 中考對(duì)代詞考
3、查的重點(diǎn)有： 1人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法； 2it，one(s)，that，those等作替代詞的用法； 3指示代詞，疑問代詞，反身代詞的用法； 4不定代詞的用法。尤其是all，both，either，neither，none，another，the other，some，others，the others等用法。 【考點(diǎn)梳理】 高頻考向一人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞 1人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化；人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格用作主語，賓格用作賓語，這一考點(diǎn)成為了考查代詞的主要形式之一，并且越來越受到各地的歡迎。具體變化見下表： 注：人稱代詞作并列主語的排列順序：單數(shù)形式：you an
4、d I；you，he and I；復(fù)數(shù)形式：we and you；we and they；we，you and they。但承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)總是第一人稱在前。及物動(dòng)詞和介詞之后的人稱代詞要用賓格，尤其要注意并列賓語。 2表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，有人稱和數(shù)之分。具體見下表： 形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語。名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。如： My books are on the desk.Where is yours? 我的書在桌子上，你的書在哪里？ 3反身代詞是人稱代詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，一般用在賓語和主
5、語是同一個(gè)人的情況下，或用來強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自怎樣。單數(shù)后加self，復(fù)數(shù)后加selves；不定代詞one也有反身代詞oneself。英語中用來表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我們自己”，“你們自己”等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。 具體變化見下表： 反身代詞的常見搭配：enjoy oneself玩得高興，過得愉快hurt oneself傷著自己teach oneself learnby oneself自學(xué)(all) by oneself (完全)獨(dú)立地help oneself to請(qǐng)自便，隨便吃look after oneself自理，
6、照顧自己leave one by oneself把單獨(dú)留下lose oneself in陶醉于，沉浸于 【例1】 Jeff and I are going to Shanghai this weekend.My brother will drive _ there.(2014，綿陽) Ait Byou Cus Dthem 解析：動(dòng)詞drive后跟人稱代詞賓格作賓語。由語境可知句意為“我哥哥將帶我們?nèi)ツ抢铩薄?答案：_C 【例2】 This is _ school bag._ is on the desk.(2014，賀州) Ayour；Mine Byours；Mine Cmy；You Dyou
7、r；My 解析：第一個(gè)空在句中作定語，修飾后面的名詞school bag，故用形容詞性的物主代詞；第二個(gè)空在句中作主語，且后面不能接名詞，故應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞。 答案：_A 【例3】 Peter and Kate went to the dancing party last night.They enjoyed _.(2014，綏化) Amyself Bthemselves Cherself 解析：考查反身代詞。由語境可知句意為“他們玩得很高興”。 答案：_B 高頻考向二不定代詞 1普通不定代詞的用法 some與any some和any均表示“一些”，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。so
8、me一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑問句、否定句和條件句中。但在疑問句中，當(dāng)表示說話人希望得到肯定回答或表達(dá)請(qǐng)求、建議時(shí)應(yīng)用some。 many與much many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，還可以與表示程度的副詞so，too，as，how連用。much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可以與表示程度的副詞so，too，as，how連用。 either與neither either指兩個(gè)人或物中的一個(gè)；neither指兩個(gè)人或物中一個(gè)也不，常構(gòu)成固定搭配either/neither of名詞/代詞的復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞(第三人稱單數(shù)形式)；當(dāng)either.or.和neither.nor.連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與離它最近的主
9、語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 both與all both表示“兩者都”，常與and連用；all指“三者或三者以上都”，常與of連用。 each與every each和every都表示“每一個(gè)”。each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，當(dāng)它作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體情況；修飾名詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式。另外，each可指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，而every只可指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物。 (a) few與(a) little (a) few和(a) little具有名詞或形容詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語、賓語、定語等。(a) few與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用；(a) little與不可數(shù)名詞連用。few和lit
10、tle表示否定，指“幾乎沒有”，在反意疑問句中尤其要注意；a few和a little指“有一些”，相當(dāng)于some。 other，the other，others與another other作形容詞，意為“別的，其他的”，常用在單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞的前面；the other表示已知兩個(gè)人或事物中的另外一個(gè)，表示特指，常與one連用；others表示泛指，意為“其他的人或物”，常用于some.，others.結(jié)構(gòu)中；the others表示特指，意為“其他的人或物”；another表示三者或三者以上的另外一個(gè)。 2復(fù)合不定代詞的用法 在反意疑問句中，當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞，如everyb
11、ody，nobody，anyone等時(shí)，疑問部分的主語通常用代詞they；當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是指物的復(fù)合不定代詞，如everything，anything，something，nothing等時(shí)，疑問部分的主語通常用代詞it。 當(dāng)形容詞或else修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something，everything，everyone等時(shí)，形容詞或else必須放在這些詞的后面。 everyone的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，還可以和of連用。 【例4】 Your tea smells great！(2013，蘇州) Its from India.Would you
12、 like _？ Ait Bthis Csome Dlittle 解析：根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容可知，是向?qū)Ψ教峁┖鹊臇|西，并希望得到肯定回答。 答案：_C 【例5】 We need to go shopping.There is _ juice left in the fridge.(2013，鞍山) Alittle Bfew Cmany Dmuch 解析：few，many修飾可數(shù)名詞；little，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。果汁為不可數(shù)名詞，且句意為“冰箱里幾乎沒有果汁了”，表否定。 答案：_ A 【例6】I made a call to my parents yesterday，but _ of th
13、em answered it.(2014，泰安) Aeither Bnone Cneither Dnobody 解析：由句意“昨天我給父母打電話了，但是他們一個(gè)人都沒有接”可知，兩者都沒接。 答案：_C 【例7】 It snowed heavily last night.Is everyone in our class here today? Yes，and _ of us was late for school this morning.(2013，襄陽) Anone Bneither Call Deither 解析：由句意可知“都來了，沒有一個(gè)人遲到”，表示三者或三者以上都不。 答案：_A
14、 【例8】 Is New Zealand a big country? No，New Zealand only has two islands.One is North Island，_ is South Island.(2013，涼山) Aother Bthe other Canother 解析：表示兩者中的另外一個(gè)，常用one.，the other.結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案：_B 【例9】Look！The clock has stopped.Maybe theres _ wrong with it.(2014，北京) Aeverything Bsomething Canything Dnothing
15、解析：anything一般用于否定句和疑問句中，故排除C；everything一切；nothing沒有什么。由句意“看！鐘已經(jīng)停了?？赡芩幸恍┟ 笨芍?，應(yīng)選something。 答案：_B 高頻考向三指示代詞 指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。 this和these一般用來指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指在時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人。有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過的事物，this和these則是指下面將要講到的事物。如： I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come. 有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，常可用that
16、或those代替。如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. this在電話用語中代表自己，that則代表對(duì)方。如：Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking? 【例10】 Hello，is that Betty speaking? Yes._.(2013，錦州) AThis is Betty BIm Betty CYou are Betty DThats Betty 解析：電話用語中用this is.表達(dá)“我是”。 答案：_A 高頻考向四疑問
17、代詞、關(guān)系代詞 疑問代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。如： Who is going to come here tomorrow？(作主語) What is that？(作表語) Whose umbrella is this？(作定語) Whom are you waiting for？(作賓語) 疑問代詞與關(guān)系代詞 疑問代詞通常位于句首，引出特殊疑問句。 關(guān)系代詞用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句，或定語從句。what不能用在定語從句中充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞，但that可用在定語從句中作關(guān)系代詞。賓語從句中的關(guān)系代詞與疑問代
18、詞一致。 無論是疑問代詞還是關(guān)系代詞，which和what所指范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無限的，而which則指在一定范圍內(nèi)。如： Which books do you like best？你最喜歡哪幾本書？ What books do you like best？你最喜歡什么樣的書？ whom是who的賓格，在口語中作賓語時(shí)，也可用who代替，但在介詞后只能用whom。如： Who(m) did you meet on the street？你在街上遇到誰了？ For whom are you waiting？你在等誰？冠詞 【例11】I really like the photo of
19、 my family _ my sister took in the city park last year.(2014，紹興) Awhich Bwho Cwhat Dwhom 解析：考查定語從句，先行詞the photo指物，且在從句中作賓語，故應(yīng)該用which。 答案：_A 【例12】 _ is that man over there? Hes my uncle.(2013，南充) AWhat BWho CWhose 解析：詢問人且在句中作主語。 答案：_B 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1Aunt Tina will visit us soon._ is arriving tomorrow morni
20、ng.(2014，重慶) AHe BShe CHis DHer 2My sister is old enough to dress _ now.(2014，長沙) Ahimself Bherself CmyselfBB 3Alice has a red pen，and the blue one is _，too.(2014，成都) Ahis Bher Chers 4When shall we swimming，this Friday or Saturday? _ is OK.Ill be free next week.(2014，哈爾濱) ABoth BEither CNeitherCC 5B
21、ill thought _ necessary to work with friends and share different ideas.(2014，蘭州) Ait Bthey Cthem Dhim 6Ill do the washingup.Jack，would you please do the floors？(2014，蘇州) Why _？Susan is sitting there doing nothing. Aher Bshe CI DmeAD 7Betty and Kitty are twin sisters._ mother often dress them in colo
22、rful clothes.(2014，吉林) AThey BTheir CTheirs 8Our mother earth gives us _ we need in our daily life.(2014，臨沂) Anobody Bnothing Ceverybody DeverythingBD 9You can take _ of the two toy cars and leave the other for your brother.(2014，安徽) Aboth Bnone Ceither Dneither 10At present，children mean _ to most
23、parents in China.(2014，河南) Aeverything Bnothing Canything DsomethingCA 11Everyone knows Canada is the second largest country in the world. That is，it is larger than _ country in Asia.(2014，黃岡) Aany Bany other Cother DanotherB 12Is your friend Michael still in Australia? I dont know.I have _ informat
24、ion about him because we havent seen each other for _ years.(2014，隨州) Aa little；a few Blittle；a few Ca few；a little Dfew；a little 13Which is your new neighbour，Liu Hua? The man _ Tshirt is red.(2014，泰安) Athat Bwho Cwhich DwhoseBD 二、根據(jù)句意及提示完成單詞。 14Lucy often learns French by _(自己) after school.(2014，
25、黔西南) 15Although _(兩者都不) of her parents had gone to college，she was really good at studying.(2014，白銀) 16May I use your mobile phone？_(我的) is at home.(2013，濱州)herselfneitherMine 17Boys and girls，did you enjoy _(你們自己) during the vacation？(2013，南充) 18His toy is on the bed and _(她的) is on the desk.(2013，
26、揚(yáng)州) 19This shirt doesnt fit me well.Can you show me _(另一個(gè)) one？(2013，牡丹江)yourselveshersanother 20I dont know whether the dream can come true，but I will try _(I) best.(2014，云南) 21Kids，help _(you) to some fruit，its good for your health.(2014，揚(yáng)州) 22I could hardly believe she had made a video about wate
27、r pollution by _(her)(2013，上海)myyourselvesherself 【名題實(shí)戰(zhàn)】 1I really enjoy Chinese food! Me，too.My mouth was watering _ I watched the TV program A Bite of China.(2014，湖州) AwhenBbefore CsinceDafter連詞A 2Your dream will come true _ you put your heart and soul into it.(2014，泰安) Aif Bunless Calthough DUnti
28、l 3Which of the two magazines will you take? Ill take _ though I find _ of them are very useful to me.(2014，黃岡) Aall；both Beither；either Ceither；neither Deither；bothAD 4Diana isnt here，_ leave a message on her desk.(2014，河北) Aor Bso Cand Dbut 5You cant improve your spoken English _ you practice it e
29、very day from now on.(2014，襄陽) Aas soon as Bunless Cif DsinceBB 【考點(diǎn)梳理】 中考對(duì)連詞的考查內(nèi)容主要是連詞的基本用法和一些常見近義連詞的辨析，大多數(shù)情況下是將連詞放在并列句和復(fù)合句中。 高頻考向一并列連詞 表示平行或承接關(guān)系的：and，both.and.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，as well as等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的：but，yet，while，however等；表示選擇關(guān)系的：or，either.or.，not.but.；表示因果關(guān)系的：for，so等。 both.and.連接主語時(shí)，謂
30、語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；neither.nor.，not only.but also.，either.or.連接主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原則”；as well as連接主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語在人稱和數(shù) 上 保 持 一 致 。 s o 與 b e c a u s e ， b u t 與although/though不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中，二者只能選其一；and用于肯定句中，or用于否定句或選擇疑問句中。 【例1】 The train was late，_ we had to wait for half an hour.(2013，錦州) Abecause Bor Cso Dbut 解析：“不
31、得不等半個(gè)小時(shí)”是“火車晚點(diǎn)”的結(jié)果。 答案：_C 【例2】Dont run in the classroom，_ you may hurt yourself.(2014，陜西) Aand Bor Cbut Dso 解析：由語境可知句意為“不要在教室里跑，否則你可能會(huì)傷到你自己?！?答案：_B 【例3】How do you like the two pairs of shorts? They didnt fit me well.They are _ too long _ too short.(2014，濱州) Anot only；but also Bboth；and Cneither；nor
32、Deither；or 解析：由答句前半句推知后半句句意為“他們不是太長就是太短”。not only.but also不但而且；both.and.兩者都；neither.nor.既不也不；either.or.不是就是。 答案：_ D D 高頻考向二從屬連詞 從屬連詞是指用于連接各種從句的連詞。 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)的從屬連詞有that，whether，if (是否)，as if；連接代詞有who，whom，whose，which，what等；連接副詞有when，where，how，why等。 引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有：when，whi
33、le，as，until/till，as soon as，before，after等。 特別提示：while與as只能和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用；若as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中主句用一般將來時(shí)，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)。 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有so，so that，in order that，in case等。 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有：because，as，for，since等。 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：so.that，such.that等，so修飾adj.或adv.。such修飾名詞，當(dāng)名詞前面有many，much，few或little修飾時(shí)，應(yīng)用so。 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞
34、有：although，though，however(no matter how)，even if/though等。 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞有：as，than，as.as，not so/as.as等。 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有：if，unless，as/so long as等。 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞有：where，wherever。 【例4】Youd better make a good plan _ you take a holiday.(2013，萊蕪) Abefore Bduring Cuntil Dafter 解析：由語境可知句意為“在你度假之前最好制定一個(gè)好的計(jì)劃”。before“在
35、之前”；during“在期間”；until“直到為止”；after“在之后”。 答案：_A 【例5】Talk to your teacher and you will get help _ you have a problem.(2014，臨沂) Aunless Bif Cuntil Dso 解析：由語境可知句意為“如果你有問題，就去和你的老師說，你將會(huì)獲得幫助”。故應(yīng)用if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。 答案：_B 【例6】 May I go to the movies with you? Im afraid not _ you have a ticket.Because I have only on
36、e.(2014，益陽) Aif Bunless Cthough 解析：由答語后半句“我只有一張票”可推知前句 應(yīng) 為 “ 我 恐 怕 ， 你 不 能 ， 除 非 你 有 一 張票?！眎f“如果”；unless“除非”；though“盡管；雖然” 答案：_B 【例7】Her grandfather lives a simple life _ he has much money.(2014，孝感) Abecause Bso Cthough Dif 解析：由前半句“他的爺爺過著簡樸的生活”和后半句“他有很多錢”可知，前后在語意上存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)用though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。 答案：_C 【
37、例8】 Tony never spends money on buying books _ he doesnt like reading.(2013，賀州) Abut Bbecause Cthough Duntil 解析：but“但是”；because“因?yàn)椤保籺hough“盡管，雖然”；until“直到”。由前句的意思可知，后面是原因。 答案：_B 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1_ I am in trouble，my classmates will help me out.(2014，成都) ABefore BWhenever CAlthoughB 2Tim，how do your parents l
38、ike pop music? _ my dad _ my mom likes it.They both prefer classical music.(2014，福州) AEither；or BNeither；nor CNot only；but alsoB 3We are leaving tomorrow.We will be away _ next Friday.(2014，威海) Afrom Buntil Con Dsince 4Laura opened the door and rushed into the rain _ I could stop her.(2014，濟(jì)寧) Aunti
39、l Bafter Cbefore DunlessBC 5Read this article，_ you will understand that not everything can be bought with money.(2014，蘇州) Aor Band Cbut DSo 6_ jeans were invented over 100 years ago，theyre in fashion today.(2014，江西) ABecause BIf CAlthough DSinceBC 7I can hardly believe my eyes.Is that you，Lucy? Yes
40、.It has been almost 20 years _ we were together.(2014，黃岡) Asince Bbefore Cafter DuntilB 8Will you please give this message to Helen? Sure.Ill give it to her _ she arrives here.(2014，赤峰) Auntil Balthough Cbefore Das soon asD 9Shall we go for a picnic in the forest park tomorrow? Yes，_ it rains heavil
41、y.(2014，廣東) Aif Bunless Cuntil DwhenB 10We will certainly enter a good high school _ we work hard. Yes.Our dream will come true by working hard.(2014，鄂州) Aas soon as Bas long as Cas far as Deven ifB 11The little boy is _ lovely _ everyone likes him.(2014，巴中) Asuch；that Btoo；to Cso；that 12How do you
42、like the popular documentary “A Bite of China (舌尖上的中國)”？ Excellent！You wont realize how wonderful our Chinese food is _ you watch it.(2014，荊州) Awhen Bas Cafter DuntilCD 二、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞(含縮略形式)。 13Mr.Wang does well in English.He does well in French，too. Mr.Wang does well in _English _French. 14It was suc
43、h a hot day that we went swimming. It was _that we went swimming. 15I went to bed after I finished washing the clothes. I _go to bed _I finished washing the clothes.bothandso hotdidntbefore/until 16If you are not quick，you will be late for school. Be quick，_you will be late for school. 17If he studies hard，he will pass the exam. _he studies hard，he will not pass the exam.orUnless 18Id like to go shopping with my mother this afternoon，so I finished my homework early. I finished my homework early _I can go shopping with my mother this afternoon. so that
中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 第24講 代詞和連詞課件 人教新目標(biāo)版
