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1、第24講代詞和連詞代詞代詞是指代名詞或名詞短語的詞,多具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中常見的代詞可分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞,指示代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞及不定代詞等。中考關(guān)于代詞的考點(diǎn)有:1人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法;2it,one(s),that,those等作替代詞的用法;3不定代詞的用法;4指示代詞、疑問代詞和反身代詞的用法。高頻考向一人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞1人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化;人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格用作主語,賓格用作賓語,這一考點(diǎn)成為了考查代詞的主要形式之一,并且越來越受到各地的歡迎。具體變化見下表:【注意】人稱代詞作并列主語的排列順序:單數(shù)形式:yo
2、u and I;you,he and I;復(fù)數(shù)形式:we and you;we and they;we,you and they。承擔(dān)責(zé)任時總是第一人稱在前。人稱代詞it的特殊用法:指代不清楚性別的人,如:Who is that at the door? 誰在門口?Its me. 是我。指代時間天氣、距離等,如:Its cloudy today. 今天多云。Its eight now. 現(xiàn)在八點(diǎn)。作形式主語或形式賓語。如:Its hard to climb that tree.爬上樹很難。I found it easy to learn English well. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語很簡單。2表示
3、所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞,有人稱和數(shù)之分。具體見下表:形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,可在句中作定語。名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞,在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。如:My books are on the desk.Where are yours?我的書在桌子上,你的書在哪里?3反身代詞是人稱代詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式,一般用在賓語和主語是同一個人的情況下,或用來強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自怎樣。單數(shù)后加self,復(fù)數(shù)后加selves;不定代詞one也有反身代詞oneself。英語中用來表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我們自己”、“你們自己”等意義的代詞稱為反身
4、代詞,有人稱和數(shù)的變化。反身代詞可以在句中作賓語、表語、同位語。具體變化見下表:反身代詞的常見搭配:enjoy oneself玩得高興,過得愉快hurt oneself傷著自己teach oneself learn.by oneself自學(xué)(all) by oneself (完全)獨(dú)立地help oneself to請自便,隨便吃look after oneself自理,照顧自己leave one by oneself把單獨(dú)留下lose oneself in陶醉于,沉浸于高頻考向二不定代詞不定代詞是不指明代替在何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。不定代詞大多代替名詞和形容詞,在句中可作主語、賓語、表語或
5、定語。1普通不定代詞的用法肯定性both; all; some; each; every; a little; a few否定性neither; none; any; no one; little; fewsome與any復(fù)合不定代詞中,nothing與nobody表否定意義。由some和 any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,其區(qū)別與some 和 any的區(qū)別基本相同。復(fù)合不定代詞只能作主語,賓語和表語,不能作定語。作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。當(dāng)形容詞或else修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something,everything,everyone等時,形容詞或else必須放在這些詞的后面。everyone的意思等
6、同于everybody,只能指人;every one既可指人也可指物,還可以和of連用。高頻考向三指示代詞指示代詞是表示指示概念的代詞,在句子中可作主語、表語、賓語或定語。常見的指示代詞包括:this,that,these,those。this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人,that和those則指在時間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人。有時that和those指前面提到過的事物,this和these則是指下面將要講到的事物。如:I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come.我受涼了,那就是為什么我沒有來(的原因)。 this在電話用語中代表自己,that則
7、代表對方。如:Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?你好!我是瑪麗。你是杰克嗎?為了避免重復(fù),可以用it, one(s)或that 代替上文出現(xiàn)的名詞。但三者在用法上有區(qū)別:it特指上下文提到的對象是同一事物one(s)泛指下文提及的同類事物中的一個(些),同類但不是同一個(些)that常用于代替前面提到過的名詞,以避免重復(fù)The book is so interesting. Where did you buy it? I want to buy one.這本書真有趣。你在哪里買的它?我想買一本。The weather in Zhejiang is
8、 warmer than that in Beijing.浙江的天氣比北京的(天氣)溫暖。高頻考向四疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞疑問代詞用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句,包括who,whom,whose,what和which等。一般都放在句首,并在句子中作為某一句子成分。如:疑問代詞意義基本用法who誰作主語、表語、賓語whom誰作賓語(who的賓格)whose誰的作主語、表語、賓語、定語(who的所有格)what什么作主語、表語、賓語、定語which哪個作主語、表語、賓語、定語Who is going to come here tomorrow?明天誰會來?(作主語)What is that?那是什么?(作表語)W
9、hose umbrella is this?這是誰的傘?(作定語)Whom are you waiting for?你在等誰?(作賓語)Which team will win?哪支隊會贏?(作主語)【注意】無論是疑問代詞還是關(guān)系代詞,which和what所指范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無限的,而which則指在一定范圍內(nèi)。如:Which books do you like best?你最喜歡哪幾本書?What books do you like best?你最喜歡什么樣的書?whom是who的賓格,在口語中作賓語時,也可用who代替,但在介詞后只能用whom。如:Who(m) did you
10、 meet on the street?你在街上遇到誰了?For whom are you waiting?你在等誰?一、根據(jù)句意及提示補(bǔ)全單詞。1My uncle has taught _(自己) French since the year before last.2May I use your mobile phone? _(我的) is at home.3Our school is as beautiful as _(他們的)4 (她的) coming will add to our pleasure.5My parents are doctors. They b _work in th
11、e same hospital.二、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(原創(chuàng))6These magazines are _(me), not yours.7I dont know whether the dream can come true, but I will try _(I) best.8Kids, help (you) to some fruit. Its good for your health.9Oh, dear! My iPhone doesnt work. Would you please lend me _(you)?10Who helped Jane with her Engli
12、sh?_(somebody). She taught herself.himselfMinetheirsHerothminemyyoursNobody連詞連詞是連接兩個或兩個以上的詞、短語或句子的詞。連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。中考關(guān)于連詞的考點(diǎn)有:1并列連詞and, but, so, or等的主要用法;2常見的從屬連詞的基本用法。高頻考向一并列連詞并列連詞是用于連接并列單詞、短語或句子的連詞。1表示平行或承接關(guān)系的:and,both.and.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.,as well as等;2表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的:but,yet,while,however等
13、;3表示選擇關(guān)系的:or,either.or.,not.but.;Im a teacher and Mary is a nurse.我是名教師,瑪麗是名護(hù)士。The runner is an old man, but he wins the race.那名賽跑者是一名老人,但他卻贏得了比賽。Would you like some tea or water?你要茶還是水?Either you or I am wrong.不是你錯了就是我錯了?!咀⒁狻縝oth.and.連接主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;neither.nor.,not only.but also.,either.or.連接主語時,謂
14、語動詞遵循“就近原則”;and與or表示“和”時,and用于肯定句,or用于否定句和疑問句。高頻考向二從屬連詞從屬連詞是指用于連接各種從句的連詞。1引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句一般的從屬連詞有that,whether,if (是否),as if;連接代詞有who,whom,whose,which,what等;連接副詞有when,where,how,why等。2引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞有when,while,as,until/till,as soon as,before,after等。【注意】while與as只能和延續(xù)性動詞連
15、用;若as soon as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中主句用一般將來時,則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時。引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有so,so that,in order that,in case等。引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有because,as,for,since等。引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有so.that,such.that等,so修飾形容詞或副詞;such修飾名詞,當(dāng)名詞前面有many,much,few或little修飾時,應(yīng)用so。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有although,though,however(no matter how),even if/though等。引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞有as,tha
16、n,as.as,not so/as.as等。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有if,unless,as/so long as等。引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞有where,wherever。【注意】so與because,but與although/though不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子中,二者只能選其一;and用于肯定句中,or用于否定句或選擇疑問句中。一、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞或連詞短語填空。1Practice more, _ you will do better in playing the guitar.2She was _ sad _ she didnt want to talk with anybody.3The o
17、ld tree has been in front of my house _ I was born.4You are never _ young _ start doing things.5_ you cant come to the party, youd better tell us by this evening.6You cannot make progress _you spend more time practising.7Do you know _they will come back tomorrow?Yes. Im sure they will come back tomo
18、rrow.8Would you like to watch the football match with me tonight?Im afraid I cant _I have lots of work to do.9Some people like this way of life _I dont.10What do you think of her dress?It still looks quite fashionable on her _it is a style of many years ago.andsothatsincetootoIfunlessif/whetherbecausewhilealthough