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1、第32講動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)英語語法中的時(shí)態(tài)是一種動(dòng)詞形式,不同的時(shí)態(tài)用以表示不同時(shí)間與方式。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一直是中考考查的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。中考關(guān)于時(shí)態(tài)的考點(diǎn)有:1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的正確運(yùn)用。2過去完成時(shí),過去將來時(shí)的基本運(yùn)用。高頻考向一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成謂語用動(dòng)詞的原形表示;如果主語是第三人稱單數(shù),謂語應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。2一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。經(jīng)常與表時(shí)間的單詞或短語連用。如:Most of the students in our class usually go to school by bike.我們班里
2、大部分學(xué)生通常騎自行車去上學(xué)。I practice playing football every day.我每天練習(xí)踢足球。表示普遍真理或客觀事實(shí)。如:The sun rises in the east.太陽從東方升起。在條件狀語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如:If it doesnt rain tomorrow,we will go for a picnic.如果明天不下雨,我們將去野餐。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語:often,usually,every day,always,sometimes,twice a week,on Sunday等。高頻考向二一般過去時(shí)1一般過去時(shí)的
3、構(gòu)成謂語用動(dòng)詞的過去式表示?!咀⒁狻坎灰?guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式形式。2一般過去時(shí)的用法表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如:I met him in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上見到了他。表示過去習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:He often went to work by bus last year.去年他經(jīng)常乘公共汽車去上班。一般過去時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語:yesterday,last Sunday,in 2010,just now,the other day,three days ago等。高頻考向三現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成謂語的構(gòu)成為:am/is/are動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
4、2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:What is he doing?他正在干什么?He is watching TV.他正在看電視。表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)(說話時(shí)不一定正在做)。如:They are picking apples on a farm these days.這些天他們一直在農(nóng)場摘蘋果。go,come,leave,arrive等表示位置移動(dòng)的詞通常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。如:He is leaving for Japan tomorrow.他明天要前往日本?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語:now,all the time,these days,t
5、his year,at the moment等。高頻考向四過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成謂語的構(gòu)成為:was/were動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞2過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:What were you doing at this time yesterday?昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候你在干什么?I was doing my homework.我正在做我的家庭作業(yè)。We were reading when the teacher came in.當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來時(shí)我們正在讀書。表示兩個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行,可以用while來連接。如:I was watching TV while my mo
6、ther was cooking.我在看電視,而我的媽媽正在做飯。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語:at that time,at nine yesterday,those days,when/while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句等。高頻考向五一般將來時(shí)1一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成謂語的構(gòu)成為:will/shall動(dòng)詞原形;is/am/are going to 動(dòng)詞原形2一般將來時(shí)的用法表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。一般情況下用“will動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)主語是第一人稱I/we時(shí),助動(dòng)詞也可用shall。如:He will be back in two days.他將在兩天后回來。Lucy will go to vi
7、sit her uncle tomorrow.明天露西將要去看望她的叔叔。We shall go to see you next Sunday.下個(gè)星期天我們將去看你。表示計(jì)劃、打算、決定要做的事或有某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事。一般情況下用“be going to動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:What are you going to do this Sunday?這個(gè)星期天你打算干什么?Im going to practice English.我打算練習(xí)英語。Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.看那些烏云,天要下雨了。一般將來時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語:tomorrow,n
8、ext week,next year,in two days,in the future,from now on,soon等表示將來的時(shí)間狀語。高頻考向六現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成謂語的構(gòu)成為:have/has動(dòng)詞的過去分詞【注意】特殊動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。如:Have you had your lunch yet?你吃過午飯了嗎?Yes,I have.Ive just had it.是的,我剛吃過。(現(xiàn)在不餓了)表示從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),可能還要持續(xù)下去,常與for或since連用。表示持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀
9、態(tài)多為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:He has lived here since 1999.自從1999年以來,他就住在這兒。I have learnt English for ten years.我學(xué)習(xí)英語有10年了?!咀⒁狻糠茄永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,必須把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞或短語。如:leavebe away,buyhave,borrowkeep,diebe dead,beginbe on,closebe closed,openbe open,joinbe in/be a member of,get marriedbe married,returnbe back,f
10、all illbe ill,becomebe,has gone tohas been in等?!咀g】我買這臺電腦有兩年了。【誤】I have bought this computer for two years.【正】I have had this computer for two years.與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相關(guān)的副詞或時(shí)間狀語:already,yet,just,ever,never,before,so far,these days,in/during the past few years,for一段時(shí)間,since過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),since一般過去時(shí)的從句等。高頻考向七過去完成時(shí)1過去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)
11、成謂語的構(gòu)成為:had動(dòng)詞的過去分詞【注意】特殊動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。2過去完成時(shí)的用法表示過去的某一時(shí)刻以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),即“過去的過去。”如:By October 8, we had got everything ready for the test. 到10月8日,我們已為測試做好了一切準(zhǔn)備。When the police arrived, the thief had run away. 當(dāng)警察到達(dá)時(shí),小偷已經(jīng)逃跑了。表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一過去時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法一樣,此時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如:She told
12、me that she had been a teacher for quite a few years.她告訴我她當(dāng)教師多年了。過去完成時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語:by, before短語或when, before, after, until等引導(dǎo)的從句等。高頻考向八過去將來時(shí)1過去將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成謂語的構(gòu)成為:would動(dòng)詞原形;was/were going to動(dòng)詞原形2過去將來時(shí)的用法表示從過去某一時(shí)間看來,將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。多用于賓語從句中。如:I didnt know if she would come.我不知道她是否會(huì)來。His father said that there woul
13、d be a good harvest next year.他父親說明年將會(huì)有個(gè)好收成。表示曾經(jīng)打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的動(dòng)作。此時(shí)多用“was/weregoing to動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:She said she was going to Hawaii this summer. 她說今年夏天她準(zhǔn)備去夏威夷。一、根據(jù)句意及漢語提示完成句子。1Oh, Jack, your MP4 looks nice. Is it new?No. I _(買) it for two years .2There _(有) an interesting cartoon on CCTV6 at seven thirty thi
14、s evening.3Echo _(離開) for half a month. Shell come back in two months.4Helen _(點(diǎn)頭) with a smile when she met me.5The children all _(跳) with joy when the teacher came in.have hadwill behas been awaynoddedwere jumping二、根據(jù)句意用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空。(原創(chuàng)題)6The train _(leave) for Shanghai in ten minutes.7I _(lose) my w
15、atch. Could you please tell me the time?Sure. Half past seven.8Have you handed in your project?No. I _(check) it again right away.9Peter didnt hear the ring, for he _(water) the flowers in the backyard.10Is your mother a teacher?Yes, she is. She _(teach) at a junior high school.will leavehave lostwill checkwas wateringteaches