高中英語 語法篇專題13 特殊句式(強調(diào)、倒裝、省略、there be)課件 人教版
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1、專題十三專題十三 特殊句式(強調(diào)、倒裝、省略、特殊句式(強調(diào)、倒裝、省略、there bethere be)一、強調(diào)句一、強調(diào)句定義:強調(diào)句是一種修辭方式,是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_自己的意愿或情感定義:強調(diào)句是一種修辭方式,是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式。而使用的一種形式。強調(diào)方式主要有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu):強調(diào)方式主要有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu):類型類型例句例句 用助動詞用助動詞“do/doesdid動詞原形動詞原形”來強調(diào)謂語動詞。來強調(diào)謂語動詞。 He does know the place well.Do write to me when you get there. 用形容詞用形容詞 very,o
2、nly,single,such, last 等修飾名詞或等修飾名詞或形容詞來加強語氣。形容詞來加強語氣。 The last thing she needed was more work.Thats the very textbook we used last term.You are the only person here who can speak Chinese.How dare you buy such expensive jewels? 用倒裝句(將要強用倒裝句(將要強調(diào)的句子或被強調(diào)調(diào)的句子或被強調(diào)的部分置于句首)的部分置于句首)來加強語氣。來加強語氣。On the table w
3、ere some flowers.Many a time have I climbed that hill. 用強調(diào)句型:用強調(diào)句型:“It is/was被被強調(diào)的部分強調(diào)的部分that/who原原句其他部分句其他部分”。被強調(diào)的部。被強調(diào)的部分為分為“人人”時用時用who/that,否則都用否則都用that。注意:被強調(diào)部分不能是謂注意:被強調(diào)部分不能是謂語動詞。語動詞。 It was on Monday night that all this happened.Its me who he blamed.It was what you did that made me satisfied.I
4、t is I who/that am in charge of the factory. 用用in the world,on earth,at all等介詞短語可以表達更強等介詞短語可以表達更強的語氣(常用于疑問句的語氣(常用于疑問句)。Where in the world could he be?What on earth is it? 【考點一】考查【考點一】考查not . until 結(jié)構(gòu)的強調(diào)句,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:結(jié)構(gòu)的強調(diào)句,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is/was not until+被強調(diào)部分被強調(diào)部分+that+其他部分。其他部分?!炯磳W即練【即學即練】單項填空單項填空It _ we had st
5、ayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; whenB. was until; thatC. wasnt until; whenD. wasnt until; that答案:答案:D 【考點二】考查復(fù)合句中的強調(diào)句型【考點二】考查復(fù)合句中的強調(diào)句型【即學即練【即學即練】單項填空單項填空Was it _ he was seriously ill that he didnt come to school yesterday?A.although B. that C. becau
6、se D. since_ he came back home that we knew what had happened.A. When it was B. It was whenC. Was it when D. When was it答案:答案:C B 【考點三】考查強調(diào)句的特殊疑問句【考點三】考查強調(diào)句的特殊疑問句其結(jié)構(gòu)是:疑問詞其結(jié)構(gòu)是:疑問詞+is/was+it+that+其他部分,但這類句型如出現(xiàn)其他部分,但這類句型如出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:疑問詞在賓語從句中,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:疑問詞+it+is/was+that+其他部分。其他部分。Where was it that you me
7、t the Frenchman?【即學即練【即學即練】單項填空單項填空_ electricity plays an important part in our daily life?A. Why was it that B. Why is it thatC. Why is it D. Why it is that答案:答案:B 【難點一】正確判斷強調(diào)句型【難點一】正確判斷強調(diào)句型用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整、正確。用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整、正確。It was the school gate _ I met an old friend of mine after class.
8、Was it in this palace _ the last emperor died?解析:強調(diào)句型的強調(diào)部分必須是對解析:強調(diào)句型的強調(diào)部分必須是對 that /who 之后句子的某一成之后句子的某一成分表示強調(diào),如果把分表示強調(diào),如果把“It is (was).that”去掉,該句意思完整。題去掉,該句意思完整。題如果去掉如果去掉It was與橫線部分,則成分不完整,與橫線部分,則成分不完整,the school gate 前應(yīng)該前應(yīng)該加上加上at才能作狀語,才能構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型,所以題才能作狀語,才能構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型,所以題為定語從句應(yīng)填為定語從句應(yīng)填where;題;題若去掉若去掉Was
9、it與橫線部分,句子完整,故應(yīng)填與橫線部分,句子完整,故應(yīng)填that,為,為強調(diào)句型。強調(diào)句型。 【難點二】強調(diào)句型與【難點二】強調(diào)句型與It is/was+時間時間+when/before從句;從句;It be+時間時間+since從句;從句;It be long.before.等句型的區(qū)別。等句型的區(qū)別。用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整、正確用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整、正確It was at midnight _ I got back home yesterday.It was midnight _ I got back home yesterday.It is two ye
10、ars _ I began to learn English.It may be many years_ the situation improves.解析:通過分析題干可知,題解析:通過分析題干可知,題是強調(diào)句型,被強調(diào)的是時間狀語,是強調(diào)句型,被強調(diào)的是時間狀語,空白處應(yīng)填空白處應(yīng)填that;題;題以名詞的方式來表示時間,其后從句是以名詞的方式來表示時間,其后從句是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句;題引導(dǎo)的定語從句;題表示表示“自從自從以來已有多久以來已有多久”,用,用since來來引導(dǎo);題引導(dǎo);題用的是用的是“It was+時間段時間段+before從句從句”表示表示“過了多長過了多長時間才時間才
11、”。二、倒裝句二、倒裝句定義:為了強調(diào)、突出等目的而顛倒原有語序的句式叫做倒裝句,定義:為了強調(diào)、突出等目的而顛倒原有語序的句式叫做倒裝句,顛倒了的成分可以恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變,句法成分不變。倒裝顛倒了的成分可以恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變,句法成分不變。倒裝句分為三種:句分為三種:完全倒裝:指將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。完全倒裝:指將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。部分倒裝:指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒裝至主語之前。部分倒裝:指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞,則需添加助動詞如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞,則需添加助動詞do
12、, does或或did,并將其置于主語之前。,并將其置于主語之前。形式倒裝:在語法上又被稱為前置。它的特點是,只把強調(diào)的內(nèi)容形式倒裝:在語法上又被稱為前置。它的特點是,只把強調(diào)的內(nèi)容提置句首,主謂并不倒裝。提置句首,主謂并不倒裝。具體用法見下表:具體用法見下表:倒裝類型倒裝類型例句例句部分倒裝部分倒裝Only in this way can you solve this problem.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 完全倒
13、裝完全倒裝Up went the rocket into the air.Such would be our home in the future.On top of the hill stands a tall tree.Here comes the bus. 形式倒裝形式倒裝What an interesting talk they had!The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise. 【考點一】部分倒裝【
14、考點一】部分倒裝部分倒裝主要有以下幾種情況:部分倒裝主要有以下幾種情況:(1)句首狀語為否定詞(組)或半否定詞(組)的句子。這類詞或短句首狀語為否定詞(組)或半否定詞(組)的句子。這類詞或短語主要有語主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time, few, not, no等。等。Little does he care about what I said.(2)only+狀語放在句首,要部分倒裝。注意,狀語放在句首,要部分倒裝
15、。注意,only修飾主語不倒裝。修飾主語不倒裝。Only by this means is it possible to explain it.(3)so/such.that結(jié)構(gòu)中的結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或或such位于句首。位于句首。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.(4)“neither/nor助動詞系動詞情態(tài)動詞主語助動詞系動詞情態(tài)動詞主語”表示表示“某人某人或某事亦非如此或某事亦非如此”;“so助動詞系動詞情態(tài)動詞主語助動詞系動詞情態(tài)動詞主語”表示表示“某人或某事亦是某人或某事亦是如此如
16、此”。注意:注意:當陳述部分既有肯定又有否定或者謂語動詞既有實義動當陳述部分既有肯定又有否定或者謂語動詞既有實義動詞又有助動詞時,可用下面兩個句型:詞又有助動詞時,可用下面兩個句型:It is the same with.或或So it is with.。Jack is a student and he studies hard. It is the same with Tom.“so主語助動詞系動詞情態(tài)動詞主語助動詞系動詞情態(tài)動詞”表示表示“某人或某事確某人或某事確實如此實如此”。I reminded you not to forget the appointment.So you did.
17、(5)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句含有引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句含有were, had,should時時, 可省略可省略if, 再把再把were, should或或had移到從句句首。移到從句句首。Had you come earlier, you would have met him.(6)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed! 【考點二】完全倒裝【考點二】完全倒裝全部倒裝即完全倒裝有以下幾種情況:全部倒裝即完全倒裝有以下幾種情況:(1)There be結(jié)構(gòu)。另外,在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來代替結(jié)構(gòu)。另外,在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來代替be動詞的動詞動詞的動詞有:有:exist,
18、 seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。等。There exist different opinions on this question. (2)“Here/There/Now/Then+come (或或be等等)+主語主語”結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。本句型中本句型中there是副詞是副詞,應(yīng)重讀應(yīng)重讀,強調(diào)地點。而強調(diào)地點。而There be句型中句型中there本身沒意義。本身沒意義。Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.There comes the bus.此句型中的主語必須是名詞。如果主語是
19、人稱代詞,就不用倒裝。此句型中的主語必須是名詞。如果主語是人稱代詞,就不用倒裝。There she comes.(3)表示方向的副詞表示方向的副詞out, in, up, down等置于句首等置于句首,要用全部倒裝。但要用全部倒裝。但主語是代詞時用部分倒裝。主語是代詞時用部分倒裝。In came Mr White.Away went the boy.Out she went.(4)表示地點的介詞短語表示地點的介詞短語 (如如:on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house等等)放在句首時,要全部倒裝。放在句首時,要全部倒裝。On the t
20、op of the hill stands a pine tree.They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.(5)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。Long live the Peoples Republic of China! (6)其他形式的完全倒裝。其他形式的完全倒裝。Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster.(形容詞短語)(形容詞短語)East of the city lies a new railway. (副詞短語副詞短語)Fir
21、st to be completed was the seven-storey teaching building. (不定式短語不定式短語)Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay. (過去分詞過去分詞)Lying on the floor was a boy aged 15. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語現(xiàn)在分詞短語)三、省略句三、省略句省略句是英語的一種習慣用法。按照語法的分析,句子應(yīng)該具備的省略句是英語的一種習慣用法。按照語法的分析,句子應(yīng)該具備的成分,有時出于修辭上的需要,在句中并不出現(xiàn),這種句子叫做省成分,有時出于修辭上的需要,在句中并不
22、出現(xiàn),這種句子叫做省略句,這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為略句,這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為“省略省略”。其特點是:雖然省去句子語法。其特點是:雖然省去句子語法構(gòu)造所需要的組成部分,但仍能表達其完整的意義。省略形式多樣,構(gòu)造所需要的組成部分,但仍能表達其完整的意義。省略形式多樣,從單詞、短語到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的銜接關(guān)系,不從單詞、短語到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的銜接關(guān)系,不容臆斷。容臆斷。省略用法見下表:省略用法見下表:省略類型省略類型例句例句不定式的省略不定式的省略He may leave if he wishes to. I prefer not to. 狀語從句中的省狀語從句中的省略略While
23、 (you are) cycling, dont forget the traffic lights.He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help. so, not 替代詞的替代詞的省略省略Get up early tomorrow. If not, you will miss the first bus.He may not be at
24、 home then. If so, leave him a note. 【考點一】考查狀語從句的省略【考點一】考查狀語從句的省略在以在以when, while, if, as if, though (although), as, whether, once, whenever等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,若從句的主語是等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,若從句的主語是it或與主句的或與主句的主語相同,且在謂語中含有主語相同,且在謂語中含有be動詞時,常省略從句的主語和動詞時,常省略從句的主語和be,引,引導(dǎo)詞后直接跟不定式、分詞、形容詞、介詞短語等。導(dǎo)詞后直接跟不定式、分詞、形容詞、介詞短語等。Look ou
25、t for cars when (you are) crossing the street.While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary. 【考點二】不定式符號【考點二】不定式符號to的省略的省略感官實義動詞感官實義動詞see, hear, feel, watch等和使
26、役動詞等和使役動詞 have, make, let等后等后接不定式作賓補時接不定式作賓補時, 省略不定式省略不定式to;do nothing but, cant (help/choose) but等結(jié)構(gòu)常接省略等結(jié)構(gòu)常接省略to的不定式;在口語中,為了避免的不定式;在口語中,為了避免重復(fù),不定式可以省去和句子前部重復(fù)的動詞原形而只保留重復(fù),不定式可以省去和句子前部重復(fù)的動詞原形而只保留 不定式不定式符號符號 to。I watched him disappear in the distance.Sandy could do nothing but admit to his teacher tha
27、t he was wrong. 【考點三】替代詞【考點三】替代詞so/notso/not的省略的省略用于避免重復(fù)前面說過的內(nèi)容,替代詞用于避免重復(fù)前面說過的內(nèi)容,替代詞so/not代替肯定或否定的內(nèi)代替肯定或否定的內(nèi)容??膳c容??膳cbelieve, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think, Im afraid, if等連用等連用。否定時否定時hope與與guess 只用只用I hope not 和和I guess not 形式,而形式,而think, believe, suppose等其他詞可有兩種否定形等其他詞可有兩
28、種否定形式式 ,即,即:I think not 或或I dont think so。Will you be able to finish your report today?I hope so.The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? I guess not. 【考點四】日常交際中的省略【考點四】日常交際中的省略在情景會話中,答語常常省略不會引起歧義的主語、謂語或賓語部在情景會話中,答語常常省略不會引起歧義的主語、謂語或賓語部分,而只保留對方希望了解的內(nèi)容。在復(fù)合句或并列句中,也有省分,而只保留對方希望了解的內(nèi)容。在復(fù)合句或并列句中
29、,也有省略主、謂、賓的情況。略主、謂、賓的情況。【即學即練【即學即練】單項填空單項填空Can I speak to Mr. Wang, please?_A. Who are you? B. Im Wang.C. Speaking. D. Are you John? How about seeing the new movie at the theatre tonight?_, but Ive got to go over my notes for tomorrows exam. A. All right B. Sounds great C. I cant D. No, I am terribl
30、y sorry答案:答案:C B不定式的省略問題不定式的省略問題用恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整、正確。用恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整、正確。My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didnt want_ . Are you a sailor?No, but I used_ .解析:在特定語境中為了避免重復(fù),當不定式再次出現(xiàn)時,在動解析:在特定語境中為了避免重復(fù),當不定式再次出現(xiàn)時,在動詞詞(如:如:want, wish, hope, try, plan, like, love, hate,have, ought, be going)
31、,某些形容詞,某些形容詞(如:如:glad, happy, pleased, delighted等等)后往往后往往只保留只保留to,而省略后面的動詞,否定形式的省略則用,而省略后面的動詞,否定形式的省略則用not to,但當,但當不定式后有不定式后有be, have, have been時,要保留時,要保留be, have和和have been。因此,第因此,第題填題填to;而;而題填題填to be。四、反義疑問句四、反義疑問句反義疑問句即附加疑問句,是對陳述句所表示的事實或觀點提出反義疑問句即附加疑問句,是對陳述句所表示的事實或觀點提出疑問的句子。附加疑問實際上是一種簡略的一般疑問句。反義疑
32、疑問的句子。附加疑問實際上是一種簡略的一般疑問句。反義疑問句由兩部分組成:前一部分是一個陳述句,后一部分是一個簡問句由兩部分組成:前一部分是一個陳述句,后一部分是一個簡短的疑問句,兩部分的人稱時態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。短的疑問句,兩部分的人稱時態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。組成反意疑問句的兩部分:前肯后否,前否后肯。組成反意疑問句的兩部分:前肯后否,前否后肯。常見考點見下表:常見考點見下表:陳述部分陳述部分反義疑問句部分反義疑問句部分例句例句祈使句祈使句用用will you表示表示 “請求請求”,或用或用wont you 表示提醒對表示提醒對方注意;方注意;在否定的祈使句后,只能用在否定的祈使句后,只能用will yo
33、u。Lets引導(dǎo)的祈使句表示引導(dǎo)的祈使句表示“建議建議”時,反意疑問句部時,反意疑問句部分用分用shall we。 Look at the blackboard, will you/wont you?Lets go home, shall we/shant we/may I?Let me/us have a try, will you/wont you?Dont forget, will you? 感嘆句感嘆句用用be的一般現(xiàn)在時的否定式的一般現(xiàn)在時的否定式 What fine weather, isnt it? 含實義動含實義動詞詞need, dare用助動詞用助動詞do的適當形式的適當形式
34、He needs help, doesnt he? 主、謂語是主、謂語是I am.時時 用用arent IIm working now, arent I? 主語是主語是everything, nothing, anything主語應(yīng)用代詞主語應(yīng)用代詞itSomething is wrong with my radio, isnt it?主語是主語是everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,nobody,no one,none,neither 主語需用復(fù)數(shù)代詞主語需用復(fù)數(shù)代詞they(也可用也可用he)Everyone is here, arent they? No
35、 one knows about it, do they?Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didnt they? 主語是指示代詞主語是指示代詞this/that或或 these/those 主語與之對應(yīng)用主語與之對應(yīng)用it或或they This is a plane, isnt it? These are grapes,arent they? 主語是不定代詞主語是不定代詞one時時 主語可以用主語可以用one,也可用也可用he(美式英美式英語語) One should be ready to help others, shouldnt one? 含有否
36、定詞:含有否定詞:few,little,seldom,ha-rdly,not,no,no one,nobody,nothing,none,neither等等反意疑問句部分反意疑問句部分用肯定提問用肯定提問 He is never late for school, is he?He hardly knows anything about computer, does he? 含的否定詞是通過含的否定詞是通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成 反意疑問句部分反意疑問句部分用否定結(jié)構(gòu)用否定結(jié)構(gòu) It is unfair, isnt it?He was unsuccessful, wasnt he? 有
37、否定含義的詞在有否定含義的詞在陳述部分作動詞的陳述部分作動詞的賓語賓語用肯定結(jié)構(gòu),也用肯定結(jié)構(gòu),也可用否定結(jié)構(gòu)可用否定結(jié)構(gòu) You got nothing from him, did you? 主語是從句、不定主語是從句、不定式、動詞式、動詞ing形式形式主語應(yīng)該用主語應(yīng)該用itWhat you need is more important, isnt it? 主從復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句根據(jù)主句的謂語而定;根據(jù)主句的謂語而定;若主從復(fù)合句為含若主從復(fù)合句為含I think /believe/suppose.that. 結(jié)構(gòu),與從句的主、結(jié)構(gòu),與從句的主、謂語保持一致。謂語保持一致。 They agr
38、eed that the United States shouldnt make a war on Iraq, didnt they? I dont think he will come, will he?I suppose (that) he is serious, isnt he? 并列句并列句謂語根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定謂語而定I wont go there, but he will go instead, wont he? 含有含有have/had todont/didntYou have to water the plants, dont you? there be句
39、型句型用用thereThere was a hospital here, wasnt there? 含有含有had better用用hadntWe had better go there at once, hadnt we?含有情態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞動詞mustmust表示表示“必須必須”,反意,反意疑問句部分為疑問句部分為mustnt.? /neednt.?must表示推測時,反意疑表示推測時,反意疑問句部分與問句部分與must后面的動后面的動詞呼應(yīng)。詞呼應(yīng)。 We mustnt be late, must we?You must go home now, neednt you? /mustnt
40、you?Tom must be at home now,isnt he? 含含used to表示表示“過過去常常去常?!眃idnt+主語或主語或usednt+主語主語He used to live in China, usednt /didnt he?would rather/like to+v.wouldnt+主語主語He would rather stay at home, wouldnt he?含有含有ought to,陳述部分是肯陳述部分是肯定的定的shouldnt/oughtnt+主語主語You ought to do this work, shouldnt you? 謂語動詞是謂語
41、動詞是have (當當 “擁擁有有”講時講時)用用have形式或用形式或用do形式形式 You have a nice house, havent/dont you? He hasnt a house of his own, has he? He doesnt have a house of his own, does he? 五、五、There be 句型句型There be 結(jié)構(gòu)主要用以表達結(jié)構(gòu)主要用以表達“某處某處(某時某時)有某人有某人(某物某物)”,其基本句型其基本句型為為“There be+某物或某人某物或某人+某地或某時某地或某時”,其中其中there 是引導(dǎo)詞,沒是引導(dǎo)詞,沒有
42、詞義;有詞義;be是謂語動詞;是謂語動詞;“某人或某物某人或某物”是句子的主語是句子的主語;“某地或某某地或某時時”作句子的狀語作句子的狀語,多為介詞短語。多為介詞短語。構(gòu)成構(gòu)成例句例句基本基本結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)There beThere is a flower in the bottle.There are four chairs and a small bed in the room. 特殊特殊結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) 在正式文體中,某在正式文體中,某些表示存在、發(fā)生、些表示存在、發(fā)生、出現(xiàn)、坐落等意義出現(xiàn)、坐落等意義的不及物動詞也可的不及物動詞也可以與以與there連用,如:連用,如:appear, seem,
43、come, remain, exist, live, stand, lie, arise等。等。 There exist many ancient temples in the country. There lies a small village in the mountain.There remains nothing more to be done. There followed the First World War. There flashed through his mind the image of a heroic fighter. 基本用法如下表:基本用法如下表:特殊特殊結(jié)構(gòu)
44、結(jié)構(gòu)there+情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+be表示表示“預(yù)見預(yù)見”、“可能可能”、“必必然然”或或“過去習過去習慣存在慣存在”等。等。There might be some desserts if you wait a bit.There ought to have been someone on duty all the time. There shall be no more wars. there to be 或或there+being形式,形式,稱為非限定存在稱為非限定存在句,可以作主語、句,可以作主語、賓語、介詞補足賓語、介詞補足語,狀語等。語,狀語等。 There being a rail
45、way station in the town is a great help. We expect there to be no objections. 【考點一】【考點一】There be句型的主謂一致句型的主謂一致當當There be 后面的名詞是兩個或兩個以上時,后面的名詞是兩個或兩個以上時,There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動詞要遵循動詞要遵循“就近一致就近一致”原則,即和緊隨其后的名詞在人稱和原則,即和緊隨其后的名詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。數(shù)上保持一致。There is a pen and two books on the desk. 【考點二】【考點二】There be句型的反
46、意疑問句句型的反意疑問句在在There be的句型的反意疑問句中,反問部分的結(jié)構(gòu)為的句型的反意疑問句中,反問部分的結(jié)構(gòu)為be (not) there。There are some trees in your school, arent there? there be句型的非謂語形式句型的非謂語形式用用be動詞適當形式填空動詞適當形式填空There_ no bus, we had to walk home.No one would have dreamt of there_ such a fine place.I dont want there_ any misunderstanding.The
47、re_ a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.解析:解析:There be 句型有不定式、動詞句型有不定式、動詞-ing形式,在句中作主語、形式,在句中作主語、賓語、定語或狀語等。注意它們在句子中的成分及與句子中其他賓語、定語或狀語等。注意它們在句子中的成分及與句子中其他成分的搭配關(guān)系。題成分的搭配關(guān)系。題中的答案應(yīng)該是中的答案應(yīng)該是being,“There being+名名詞詞”構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作狀語;題構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作狀語;題的答案應(yīng)該是的答案應(yīng)該是being,there being在句子中作介詞在句子中作介詞
48、of的賓語(的賓語(there be結(jié)構(gòu)若出結(jié)構(gòu)若出現(xiàn)在介詞現(xiàn)在介詞for的后面則要用動詞不定式);題的后面則要用動詞不定式);題答案答案to be,there to be可以作動詞可以作動詞want, expect, prefer 的賓語;題的賓語;題答案為答案為being,There being a bus stop用作主語。用作主語。六、祈使句六、祈使句用于表達命令、請求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,用于表達命令、請求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表達命令,因此也常稱為命令句。祈使句最常用于表達命令,因此也常稱為命令句。 祈使句因?qū)ο笃硎咕湟驅(qū)ο螅粗髡Z)是
49、第二人稱,所以通常都省略。祈使句的動詞都為一(即主語)是第二人稱,所以通常都省略。祈使句的動詞都為一般現(xiàn)在時。般現(xiàn)在時。祈使句類型如下:祈使句類型如下:類型類型例句例句 無主語式無主語式Dont be so sure. Never come late. 有主語式有主語式(表示強調(diào)表示強調(diào)) You, water the flowers.You, girls clean the floor.祈使句祈使句+and+陳述句陳述句=If.,+主句;主句;祈使句祈使句+or+陳述句陳述句= If.not.,+主句主句注意:上述句型用注意:上述句型用and表示順承結(jié)果,用表示順承結(jié)果,用or表示轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)果,
50、且主句表示轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)果,且主句通常用一般將來時。通常用一般將來時?!炯磳W即練【即學即練】單項填空單項填空Work hard,_ you will pass the exam.A. but B. or C. and D. thus答案:答案:C1. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. (2010安徽)安徽)A. where B. that C. when D. which解析:選解析:選B??疾閺娬{(diào)句型。本題難點,在于強調(diào)
51、部分中含有一個??疾閺娬{(diào)句型。本題難點,在于強調(diào)部分中含有一個定語從句定語從句“that she had bought in the village”。2. Johns success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work _ has made him what he is today. (2010湖南湖南)A. why B. when C. which D. that解析:選解析:選D。考查強調(diào)句型。句意為:約翰的成功絕非偶然,正是??疾閺娬{(diào)句型。句意為:約翰的成功絕非偶然,正是多年的努力使得他成就了今天的成績(
52、成為他現(xiàn)在的樣子)。強調(diào)多年的努力使得他成就了今天的成績(成為他現(xiàn)在的樣子)。強調(diào)主語主語“years of hard work”,其正常語序應(yīng)為:,其正常語序應(yīng)為:Years of hard work has made him what he is today.3. If you have a job,_ yourself to it and finally youll succeed. (2010四川四川)A. do devote B. dont devoteC. devoting D. not devoting解析:選解析:選A??疾橹^語動詞的強調(diào)及??疾橹^語動詞的強調(diào)及“祈使句祈使句+
53、and+將來時將來時”的固的固定搭配。句意為:如果你有了一份工作,付出努力去做它,最后你定搭配。句意為:如果你有了一份工作,付出努力去做它,最后你定能成功。此處應(yīng)是祈使句,強調(diào)謂語動詞要借助助動詞定能成功。此處應(yīng)是祈使句,強調(diào)謂語動詞要借助助動詞do,故選,故選A。4. John opened the door. There _ he had never seen before. (2010陜西陜西)A.a girl did stand B. a girl stoodC.did a girl stand D. stood a girl解析:選解析:選D??疾樘厥饩涫???疾樘厥饩涫?。Here,
54、There, Thus, Then等副詞位于句等副詞位于句首,且當句子的主語是名詞時,句子用全部倒裝。首,且當句子的主語是名詞時,句子用全部倒裝。5. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health. (2010浙江浙江)A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 解析:選解析:選C。考查。考查if條件句中的省略情況。句意為:這項實驗表明,條件句中的省略情況。句意為:
55、這項實驗表明,適當?shù)倪\動,如果有規(guī)律的進行,能夠有助于我們的身體健康。句適當?shù)倪\動,如果有規(guī)律的進行,能夠有助于我們的身體健康。句子的主語是子的主語是the experiment;謂語動詞是;謂語動詞是shows;that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,引導(dǎo)賓語從句,if regularly是插入的條件從句,從句的主語是是插入的條件從句,從句的主語是proper amounts of exercise,條件句的主語與主句的主語一致,并且含有,條件句的主語與主句的主語一致,并且含有is,故省略了,故省略了主語及主語及is,完整形式是:,完整形式是:if it is carried out。6. Is everyo
56、ne here? Not yet.Look, there _ the rest of our guests! (2010江蘇)江蘇)A. comeB. comes C. is coming D. are coming解析:選解析:選A。考查主謂一致及倒裝??疾橹髦^一致及倒裝。there放在句首時,句子謂語用放在句首時,句子謂語用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),由完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),由guests可知,可知,the rest指代復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容,故選指代復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容,故選A。7. Not until he left his home_ to know how important the family was for him. (2
57、010江西江西)A. did he begin B. had he begunC. he began D. he had begun解析:選解析:選A??疾榈寡b??疾榈寡b。not until放在句首要用部分倒裝,放在句首要用部分倒裝, begin to know發(fā)生在發(fā)生在leave之后或同時發(fā)生。之后或同時發(fā)生。8. We laugh at jokes, but seldom _ about how they work. (2010四川四川)A. we think B. think weC. we do think D. do we think解析:選解析:選D。考查倒裝。句意為。考查倒裝。
58、句意為:我們因笑話而笑,但很少去思考笑我們因笑話而笑,但很少去思考笑話怎樣讓我們笑。話怎樣讓我們笑。seldom為否定副詞放句首,用部分倒裝,故選為否定副詞放句首,用部分倒裝,故選D。9. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River , _ one of the ten largest cities in China. (2010重慶重慶)A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing liesC. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie解析:選解析:選A
59、。考查倒裝。表示方位的地點狀語提前且主語是名詞時,??疾榈寡b。表示方位的地點狀語提前且主語是名詞時,句子用完全倒裝。句子用完全倒裝。10. Though _ to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.(2010全國全國)A. surprising B. was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised解析:選解析:選C。考查省略結(jié)構(gòu)和非謂語動詞。補充完整為:??疾槭÷越Y(jié)構(gòu)和非謂語動詞。補充完整為:Though he was surprised,故選,故選C。11. Does Jenny always
60、keep her promise?Seldom,_ .(2010山東山東5月高考模擬月高考模擬)A. if any B. whenever possible C. if everD. when necessary解析:選解析:選C。考查省略條件句,??疾槭÷詶l件句,if ever 表示曾經(jīng)有過。表示曾經(jīng)有過。12. Seldom _ computer games ever since he entered college.(2010濰坊市高三教學質(zhì)量抽樣檢測濰坊市高三教學質(zhì)量抽樣檢測)A. did he play B. has he played C. he played D. he has
61、played解析:選解析:選B??疾榈寡b結(jié)構(gòu)。由時間狀語??疾榈寡b結(jié)構(gòu)。由時間狀語since he entered college可可以看出,應(yīng)用完成時,以看出,應(yīng)用完成時,seldom置于句首,應(yīng)該用部分倒裝。置于句首,應(yīng)該用部分倒裝。13. Only in recent years _ realized that ability training is more important than profession training.(2010臨沂市臨沂市5月高三模擬考試月高三模擬考試)A. people have B. people hadC. were people D. have pe
62、ople解析:選解析:選D??疾榈寡b??疾榈寡b。only in recent years 放在句首,句子要用部放在句首,句子要用部分倒裝。分倒裝。14. We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case _ from practice.(2010煙臺市質(zhì)量調(diào)研煙臺市質(zhì)量調(diào)研)A. should theory separateB. theory should be separatedC. theory should separate D. should theory be separated解析:選解析
63、:選D??疾榈寡b句和被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的??疾榈寡b句和被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的in no case可知用可知用部分倒裝,理論與實踐應(yīng)該是被分開的,應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)。部分倒裝,理論與實踐應(yīng)該是被分開的,應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)。15. I suddenly found my watch didnt work any more and only then _ I was late for school.(2010淄博市高三模擬考試淄博市高三模擬考試)A. had I realized B. I had realized C. did I realize D. realized I 解析:選解析:選C。考查倒裝。考
64、查倒裝。only then 置于句首,要用部分倒裝,置于句首,要用部分倒裝,then意為意為“那時那時”,所以要用一般過去時。,所以要用一般過去時。16. Where did you pick up the package?It was on the beach _ we were taking a walk.(2010山東省山東省實驗中學第二次診斷性測試實驗中學第二次診斷性測試)A. where B. that C. when D. which 解析:選解析:選A。考查定語從句和強調(diào)句型。句意為:??疾槎ㄕZ從句和強調(diào)句型。句意為:你在哪里拾你在哪里拾到的這個包裹?到的這個包裹?是在我們散步的
65、沙灘上(拾到的)。答語是對是在我們散步的沙灘上(拾到的)。答語是對拾到包裹的地點拾到包裹的地點在沙灘上進行強調(diào)(句子主干部分在沙灘上進行強調(diào)(句子主干部分that I picked up the package 被省略),被省略),“沙灘沙灘”又受定語從句的限制,又受定語從句的限制,所以選用關(guān)系副詞所以選用關(guān)系副詞where。17. Dont forget the appointment with the principal at the registry office,_ you?(2010上海市上海市13校高三聯(lián)考校高三聯(lián)考)A. dont B. will C. do D. shall解析
66、:選解析:選B??疾榉匆庖蓡柧?。本句為省去主語的祈使句的反意疑。考查反意疑問句。本句為省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句,疑問部分應(yīng)該用問句,疑問部分應(yīng)該用will you。18. _ made Daisy wild with joy?Her success in the A-level exam this year. (2010福建普通高中畢業(yè)福建普通高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢測班質(zhì)量檢測)A. How was it that B. When was it thatC. Why was it thatD. What was it that解析:選解析:選D。問句是強調(diào)句型,被強調(diào)部分作原句的主語,由句意。問句是強調(diào)句型,被強調(diào)部分作原句的主語,由句意可知,用疑問詞可知,用疑問詞what。19._ , the gathering crowd burst into applauses. (2010江西省江西省高安二中高三第四次月考)高安二中高三第四次月考)A. On entering the hall B. When the hero entered the hallC. The hero entere
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