高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 核心語法項項破 專題5 非謂語動詞課件

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1、專題五非謂語動詞專題五非謂語動詞 一、非謂語動詞作狀語 (一)不定式作狀語 1不定式作目的狀語常用“so as to/in order to動詞原形”。so as to不可用于句首。不定式作目的狀語且在句中時，一般不能用逗號將其與前面的部分分開。 2不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：soas to; suchas to；enoughto；only to(常表示意外結(jié)果或事與愿違的結(jié)果)；tooto等。 3在“主語系動詞表語(形容詞)to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。該結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible,

2、 interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。 4不定式只用在表示喜、怒、哀、樂等表語形容詞后表示原因。 To stay warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. 為了在夜里取暖，我總是把火爐填滿，然后把鬧鐘定在午夜，以便我能再填滿一次。 George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife h

3、ad left him. 喬治戰(zhàn)后返家，結(jié)果被告知他的妻子已經(jīng)離開了他。 This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 這臺機器操作起來很容易。任何人在幾分鐘之內(nèi)就能學(xué)會操作它。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 我們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)那座寺廟依然是最初的面貌。 (二)分詞作狀語 1作狀語的分詞要求其邏輯主語與句子的主語保持一致。 2如句子的主語是分詞動作的發(fā)出者，就用現(xiàn)在分詞

4、形式(doing)。 3若現(xiàn)在分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式(having done)。 4若現(xiàn)在分詞與句中主語為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語動詞動作發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動形式(having been done)。 5若句子的主語是分詞動作的承受者，則要用過去分詞(done)。過去分詞作狀語可表示時間、原因、方式、條件等，置于句首、句末均可。如： The government will take some effective measures to control the heavy smog blanketing the northern China.

5、 政府將采取有效措施控制籠罩在中國北方的霧霾。 I have learned a lot about Asian customs, having lived in the small village for three years in the early 1990s. 20世紀(jì)90年代，我在這個小村莊里居住了三年后對亞洲的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣了解了很多。 Punished by his father, the boy was unhappy. 由于被父親懲罰，這個男孩很不高興。 The teacher entered the house, followed by his students. 被學(xué)生跟著，

6、老師進(jìn)入了房子。 (三)獨立成分作狀語 有些分詞或不定式短語作狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。常見的有： generally speaking一般來說 frankly speaking坦白地說 judging from/by根據(jù)判斷：從判斷 considering/takinginto consideration考慮到 to tell you the truth說實話 to be sure可以肯定地說 seeing鑒于；由于；因為 supposing假設(shè)；如果 assuming假使 given考慮到；鑒于 provided (that)如果 (四)緊縮式狀語從句 分詞(短語)

7、作狀語時，可以表時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。為了強調(diào)，還可與while，when，once, if, unless等連詞連用，構(gòu)成緊縮式狀語從句。 Anyone, once tested positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. 任何人，一旦被檢測出感染H7N9流感病毒，將得到政府的免費治療。 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1_(catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance an

8、d got up very early.(2015北京) 2. _(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.(2015重慶) 3_(absorb) in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.(2015天津) 4_(work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015天津) 5Sometimes I ac

9、t as a listening ear for fellow students _(talk) over what is bothering them.(2015湖南) 6When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, _(wonder) whether to stay or leave.(2015湖南) 7Clearly and thoughtfully_(write), the book inspires confidence in studen

10、ts who wish to seek their own answers.(2014天津) 8Children，when _(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014湖南) 9. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _ (find) it didnt fit.(2014天津) 10_(ask)to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful

11、film. 【答案】1.To catch2.Raised3.Absorbed 4Having worked5.to talk6.wondering7.written 8accompanied9.to find10.Having been asked 二、非謂語動詞作定語 (一)不定式作定語 1用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no，all，any等限定的中心詞，且與中心詞為主動關(guān)系。 2被修飾的詞是抽象名詞時用不定式作定語，常見的有：ability，idea，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time，chance等。 (二)分詞

12、作定語分類形式意義例句現(xiàn)在分詞doing主動，進(jìn)行The boy dancing there is my brother.beingdone被動，進(jìn)行The school being built is for the poor children.過去分詞done完成被動The gift given by you is very nice.完成The developed countries are very rich. 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1The park was full of people, _(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.(2015北京

13、) 2Last night, there were millions of people _(watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.(2014北京) 3The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras_(return) to our shop for quality problems.(2014重慶) 4There are still many problems _(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.(2014北京) 5The

14、res a note pinned to the door_ (say)when the shop will open again.(2014山東) 【答案】1.enjoying2.watching3.returned4.to be solved 5saying 三、非謂語動詞作補足語 (一)非謂語動詞(詞組)作感官動詞、使役動詞的賓補 1感官動詞(詞組)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to等的賓語補足語有四種形式，以see 為例： 注意：不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補表示完成的動作或狀態(tài)。 注意：have sth.done還表示“使某物遭

15、受”之意。如： Tom had his leg broken while playing football. have sb.doing若用于否定句中，其中have有“容忍”之意。如： I wont have you speaking to your Dad like that. 我不允許你和你父親那么講話。 have還可用于have sth.to do結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中have作“有”講，不定式作定語。 I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term. 3下列動詞(詞組)在主動語態(tài)中用不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，

16、但在被動語態(tài)中要加上to：它們是“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”5看(look at，see，watch，notice，observe)；3使(make，let，have)；2聽(listen to，hear)；1感覺(feel)。 (二)動詞leave, keep, set, find, catch及介詞with后加非謂語動詞作復(fù)合賓語的情況 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother_ (take) good care of at

17、 home.(2015陜西) 2. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _ (perform)live is quite another.(2015浙江) 3. The manager was satisfied to see many new products _(develop) after great effort.(2014四川) 4. He is thought _(act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the j

18、ob.(2014江西) 5The engine just wont start.Something seems _ (go) wrong with it.(2013重慶) 【答案】1.taken2.being performed3.developed 4to have acted5.to have gone 四、非謂語動詞作主語、表語 1不定式、動名詞都可作主語，但動名詞作主語多指抽象的、概念性的動作，可以是多次的、經(jīng)常的行為；不定式多表示具體的動作，尤其是某一次的動作。 His hobby is playing football. 他的愛好是踢足球。(側(cè)重抽象意義) What he want

19、s to do now is to play football. 他現(xiàn)在最想做的是踢足球。(側(cè)重具體) 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. _(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015安徽) 2. While waiting for the opportunity to get _(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.(2014安徽) 3. For those w

20、ith family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_(connect)(2014福建) 4_ (understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.(2014湖南) 【答案】1.Ignoring/To ignore2.promoted3.connected 4Understandin

21、g 五、非謂語動詞作賓語 (一)下列動詞只能用不定式作賓語，請牢記下面的口訣： 決心學(xué)會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。 主動答應(yīng)選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/ wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help。 此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作賓語。 (二)下列動詞或詞組只能用動名詞作賓語，請牢記下面的口訣： 考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)

22、推遲沒得想。 避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。 禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy (想象，設(shè)想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; cant help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape。 (三)be used/accustomed to, l

23、ead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand (無法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thankfor, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in)等短語和動詞詞組后也要用動名詞作賓語。 (五)不定式作介詞的賓語 一般而言，介詞后用動名詞

24、作賓語，但在介詞but/except(除之外)，besides(除外還有)后常用不定式作賓語，如果在這些介詞前有實意動詞do的任何一種形式，其后用省去to的不定式，反之則用帶to的不定式。 【溫馨提示】 與but構(gòu)成“只好”的短語，且其后要接不帶to的不定式的還有：cannot but，cannot help but，cannot choose but。 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. When it comes to _(speak) in public, no one can match him.(2014江西) 2The film star wears sunglasses.The

25、refore, he can go shopping without_(recognize)(2014北京) 3. Its quite hot today.Do you feel like _(go) for a swim？(2014陜西) 4The windows of the classroom need _(clean) 5I still remember_(take) to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. 【答案】1.speaking2.being recognized3.going 4cleaning/to be cleaned5.bei

26、ng taken 六、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)從語法上來講不是句子，在句中通常作狀語。具有以下特點： 1獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，不指同一個人或同一事物； 2獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般置于句首，有時也置于句中或句末。 其常見形式為： So many children to support, they both have to work full time. 有這么多孩子要養(yǎng)，他們倆不得不全日工作。 The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. 向?qū)ьI(lǐng)著路，我們毫不費勁地走出了森林。 Jim

27、was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it. 吉姆專心致志地聽著講座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。 He came out of the library, (with) a large book under his arm. 他夾著一大本書，走出了圖書館。 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1Much time _ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015江蘇) 2Time _(permit), I will discuss the problem with you. 3A lot of things _(remain)to be done, I cant accompany you to the supermarket tomorrow. 4All the things he needed _(buy), the man left the shop in a hurry. 【答案】1.spent2.permitting3.remaining4.bought