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1、PK 中考英語(yǔ)湖南題型三 閱讀技能短文理解1閱讀表達(dá) 22閱讀技能四大題型閱讀判斷3摘錄要點(diǎn)4 此類(lèi)題型主要考查學(xué)生的理解、歸納、判斷和識(shí)別的能力。根據(jù)所給閱讀材料，從三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出符合題干的選項(xiàng)?？梢钥疾閷W(xué)生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的理解，對(duì)詞匯及句意的理解，也可以考查學(xué)生的歸納、總結(jié)能力等。 短文理解1 做題時(shí)一定要采用多種方法來(lái)進(jìn)行選擇。首先要讀準(zhǔn)題干要求，然后抓住文章重點(diǎn)句式和段落，排除干擾選項(xiàng)，確定正確答案。 1抓住中心句。閱讀文章時(shí)要特別注意每段的笫一句話和最后一句話，因?yàn)樗鼈兺沁@一段文章的主要內(nèi)容、中心思想和關(guān)鍵所在，抓住這些 便能準(zhǔn)確、快速地解題。 2體味關(guān)鍵詞。 短文理解的文章中允許
2、出現(xiàn)3%的生詞，細(xì)品文章時(shí)，對(duì)于在文章中所遇到的一些生詞應(yīng)區(qū)別對(duì)待，與文章內(nèi)容或要 解決的問(wèn)題有關(guān)的生詞要結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法、對(duì)比、因果等關(guān)系推測(cè)，理解其詞義；與文章內(nèi)容或要解決的問(wèn)題沒(méi)有太大關(guān)系，且較難、較偏、甚至較專(zhuān)業(yè)的詞匯，可以將其忽略，以免浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。短文理解的題型分類(lèi)2.推理判斷題3.詞義推測(cè)題4.主旨大意題1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題 細(xì)節(jié)（理解）題是針對(duì)文章的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)的題目，解題時(shí)可根據(jù)文章某一處或某幾處細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)答題。細(xì)節(jié)題在文中可以直接找到答案。問(wèn)題包括詢問(wèn)人（who）、物（what)、時(shí)間( when) 、地點(diǎn)(where)、原 因（why)，結(jié)果(effect)等。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題
3、例文： （2016年長(zhǎng)沙） The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th of the first month of the lunar calendar(陰歷). This day is always the first full moon in the new year. Ancient people also called it Shangyuan Festival. Celebrations and traditions on this day began from the Han Dynasty（朝代）and became popular in the
4、 Tang Dynasty.（ ）When did celebrations and traditions of the Lantern Festival start from?A. The Han Dynasty. B. The Tang Dynasty. C. The Song Dynasty.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中最后一句可知，元宵節(jié)起源于漢朝。 A2.推理判斷題 推理判斷題屬于主觀題，難度較高。其答案無(wú)法在文章中直接找到。這類(lèi)題目要求在理解表面文字的基礎(chǔ)上，作出判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含的深層的意思，也就是通過(guò)文字信息、上下文邏輯關(guān)系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息，推斷出文章沒(méi)有
5、直接表達(dá)的信息。 l推測(cè)作者寫(xiě)作目的或意圖的設(shè)題形式有： (1) The purpose in writing this text is to (2) The author write this passage to_.2推測(cè)文章的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論的設(shè)題形式有： (1) Which of the following is true according to the passage？ (2) Whats the writers opinion about? (3) What can we learn from the passage? 3推斷文章出處的設(shè)題形式有： (1)Where can we re
6、ad the passage? (2)The passage is most likely to be taken from .例文 2016年衡陽(yáng)節(jié)選 At that time, I was too young to understand his words. But later after that, I got new hope and confidence. I found myself standing at the top of the sky, which was as clear as crystal（水晶）.（文章最后一段）We can learn from the para
7、graph that _. A. the writer was very successful in his life B. the writer didnt reach the top of the mountain C. though the writer was young, he could understand his father.解析：文章最后一段往往是文章主旨句的所在。根據(jù)第一句可知C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)最后一句可知B錯(cuò)誤。A3.詞義推測(cè)題 詞義猜測(cè)題是指在閱讀過(guò)程中根據(jù)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的信息、邏輯、背景知識(shí)、語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)及生活常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)等的綜合理解去猜測(cè)或推斷單詞或短語(yǔ)的意義。詞義猜測(cè)題一般為推斷生
8、詞詞義和猜測(cè)熟詞新義的能力，一般常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題形式有以下兩種： 1. What does the underlined word“”mean? 2.What does the underlined word“指示代詞”refer to? 例文 (2016年長(zhǎng)沙節(jié)選) Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12-year-old girl in Niger. Having access to clean water changed her life. She learned about the importance of hand-washing
9、 when the school first received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father, “You shouldnt eat with me unless you clean your hands.” Her father was very angry and shouted at her, “Its not up to you to tell me what to do!” Stunned（目瞪口呆的），Hadjara sat in silence. But she knew she was
10、 right. In protest, Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night. The underlined word “protest ” in this passage means _.A抗議 B保護(hù) C節(jié)約解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)末句可知，她那天晚上拒絕吃飯是為了向父親提出抗議。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可推知protest意為“抗議”。A4.主旨大意題 主旨大意題主要考查對(duì)文章或段落的中心思想的理解。主旨大意的題型主要有：選擇最佳標(biāo)題、概括段落大意、指明寫(xiě)作目的等。 一般而言，文章或段落的開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾會(huì)有主題句，其他內(nèi)容都是圍繞主題句展開(kāi)的。做主旨大意題的關(guān)
11、鍵是找到主題句或是概括文章主題大意。其主要設(shè)題方式有： 1. What would be the best title for the passage? 2. Whats the main idea of the passage? 3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2？ 例文 2016年長(zhǎng)沙節(jié)選 For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, especially improve their health. So, from now on, lets avoi
12、d wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world.The purpose of the writer is to _.Ateach people how to wash handsBcall on people all over the world to save water Cshow developing countries rich in clean water解析：文章主旨大意題。這段是節(jié)選了文章最后一段，作者呼吁我們不要浪費(fèi)水資源，采取措施來(lái)節(jié)水
13、。B閱讀表達(dá)22閱讀表達(dá)型閱讀理解是一種讀寫(xiě)結(jié)合的閱讀理解題型。閱讀表達(dá)型閱讀解題步驟:u 1.瀏覽問(wèn)題，帶題閱讀。閱讀表達(dá)型閱讀理解一般是先瀏覽短文后的問(wèn)題，再帶著問(wèn)題去閱讀文章。u 2組織語(yǔ)言，書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范?；卮饐?wèn)題時(shí)，要注意詞語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用，務(wù)求表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確。注意所用詞語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)要與問(wèn)句或原文一致，詞與詞之間的搭配要正確，主謂要一致等。u 3檢查答案，簡(jiǎn)潔明了。答案越簡(jiǎn)單明了越好。這樣能減少答句中出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法、拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤等問(wèn)題。 例題例題 （2016年長(zhǎng)沙） France is well known for its fine art, tasty food and romantic scenery（風(fēng)景）.
14、About 75 million visitors come here every year.（文章第一段） 61How many visitors come to France every year? 解析：根據(jù)文章第一段末句可知。每年去法國(guó)的游覽者大約有七千五百萬(wàn)人。 答案：About 75 million. Many visitors also come for the countrys art. Sculptor（雕刻家）Auguste Rodin and painter Claude Monet once created their great works here. If you
15、visit France today, it is not a surprise to meet street artists in the city or come across a singer in the subway. （文章第三段）62Is it common to meet street artists in the city?解析：根據(jù)本段最后一句可知。如果你如今去參觀法國(guó)，在城市遇到街頭藝術(shù)家或是地鐵遇到歌手并不是一件很稀奇的事。 答案 : Yes,it is. No visit to Paris is complete without a trip to Louvre, o
16、ne of the largest and most famous museums in the world. Inside, there are 35,000 works of art, such as the painting Mona Lisa by Da Vinci and the statue（雕塑）David by Michelangelo. It would take nine months to enjoy all the pieces.(文章第四段)63Who created the famous painting Mona Lisa? 解析：根據(jù)問(wèn)句中的Mona Lisa
17、查讀文章可知，第二句“by Da Vinci”意為“由達(dá)芬奇所畫(huà)”。答案：Da Vinci. Besides, French food is world famous. Bread is very important in France. The best known French bread is called a baguette（法棍面包）. They are long, delicious and taste salty. Snails （蝸牛）are also a must-have here. French people eat 40,000 tons of snails ever
18、y year!（文章第五段）64Besides bread, what food is also a must-have for French people?解析：根據(jù)文章第五段末句可知除了面包外，蝸牛也還法國(guó)人必吃的。 答案：Snails. But France is not always good. Paris, the city of light, may also show its dark side to visitors. Chinese visitors feel sorry about the crowded subway in Paris.(文章第六段)65Why do Ch
19、inese visitors feel sorry about the subway in Paris?解析:根據(jù)文章第六段末句可知,中國(guó)游客對(duì)法國(guó)地鐵太擁擠感到不滿。答案：Because it is crowded.閱讀判斷3 閱讀判斷型閱讀理解即在短文后給出若干句子，要求根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容，判斷句子是否正確。有的句子在短文相關(guān)內(nèi)容基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了改編，要么意思相近或相反，要么轉(zhuǎn)換詞語(yǔ)或結(jié)構(gòu)等。 閱讀判斷型閱讀大多為細(xì)節(jié)理解題，通?？梢栽谖恼轮兄苯诱业酱鸢浮ｋy度較小。閱讀判斷型閱讀理解解題步驟 ：l1通讀原文，捕捉文中提供的信息，抓住短文大意和全文脈絡(luò)。l2審讀題目，把握句子含義，在原文中找出與每個(gè)
20、句子相關(guān)的段落或句子，進(jìn)行判斷。l3將短文重讀一遍，對(duì)每個(gè)小題進(jìn)行復(fù)查，似是而非的，一定要回到原文進(jìn)行重新判斷。 閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷所給句子正(T)誤(F)。 2016年邵陽(yáng) Reading is a good hobby for all kinds of reasons. First, reading is fun. You can always keep yourself if you like reading. If you like reading, you will never feel bored or tired.（文章第一段） 41. According to the
21、passage, reading can keep you bored and tired. 解析：根據(jù)文章第一段末句可知41題錯(cuò)誤的。 Next, you can read a book almost anywhere: in a car, on a plane, or even in the bathroom. All you need is a book!（文章第二段）42. You can read a book almost everywhere. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句可知，你幾乎可以在任何一個(gè)地方讀書(shū)。所以42題是正確的。 Another good reason for
22、 reading is that it is useful. If you read as a hobby, you will get better and better at it. And you will read faster and find it easier to understand what you read. As your reading skills improve, you will probably find your schoolwork becomes much better.（文章第三段）43. If your reading skills improve,
23、your schoolwork will become much better. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本段末句可知，隨著你的閱讀技能的提升，你或許會(huì)覺(jué)得你的學(xué)業(yè)會(huì)比以前好許多。所以43題是正確的。 Some people say that reading is out of date. This is not true. You can read on computers, and the better you read, the better your computer skills will be.（文章第四段） 44. It is true that reading is out of
24、 date. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一、二句可知，閱讀并不是過(guò)時(shí)的。所以第44題不正確。 Good readers may become writers, too. They always have more things to write about.（文章第五段） 45. Good readers may become writers.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段第一句可知。善于閱讀的人也可能成為作者。所以45題是正確的。摘錄要點(diǎn)4 摘錄要點(diǎn)題是閱讀理解新題型中 一種?？碱}型，主要考查學(xué)生的閱讀能力和語(yǔ)言概括能力。表格以一種更直觀的形式體現(xiàn)閱讀材料的內(nèi)容，它是對(duì)閱讀材料的整
25、理、分類(lèi)、總結(jié)或概括。表格中考查的內(nèi)容往往是who，when，why，what，where等以及文章的分類(lèi)等。 該題型以細(xì)節(jié)題為主，以分類(lèi)概括題為輔。多數(shù)題可以在文章中直接找到答案。題型難度較小。 2016年湘潭 What do you do during your free time? Travel ? Play with friends? Well , some American teenagers over the age of 14 may get a part-time job. Their part-time jobs can be taking care of children,
26、 waiting tables or even working at a movie theater. But why do teens do this? Some want to have extra(額外的) money. Others want to start saving money for college because some US parents may not pay for their childrens tuition（學(xué)費(fèi)）. Some teens might want to save money for something big, like buying a ca
27、r. 2016年湘潭 Many teens choose to get part-time jobs during the summer holiday. Thats because they are busy studying in the school year. Having a part-time job is great for any US teen. They get an idea of what the real working world is like. And it gives them skills and experience. That will help the
28、m get a full-time(全職的) job later in life. Kindstaking care of children,waiting tables,working at (56)(57)umaking extra moneyusaving money (58)usaving money for something bigTimeDuring (59)Benefits(益處)ugetting an idea of the real working worlduGetting （60）uGetting a full-time job later life56. a movie theater 解析：根據(jù)文章第一段末句可知。美國(guó)孩 子的兼職可以是照顧小孩，餐廳服務(wù)生或是在電影院工作。57. Reasons 解析：根據(jù)表格右欄中making extra money 可知，所填的內(nèi)容是做兼職的原因。58. for college 解析：根據(jù)第二段第三句內(nèi)容可知。59. the summer holiday 解析： 根據(jù)文章第三段第一句可知。60.skills and experience 解析：根據(jù)文章第四段第三句可知。試題答案
中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí) 題型解讀 題型三 閱讀技能課件
