The Great Gats and the American Dream 論文定稿

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1、 普 通 本 科 畢 業(yè) 論 文 題目：The Great Gatsby and the American Dream 蓋茨比及其美國夢 學(xué) 院 外國語學(xué)院 學(xué)生姓名 李嘉茵 學(xué) 號 0051843 專 業(yè) 經(jīng)貿(mào)英語 級 別 05級 指導(dǎo)教師 李春長 職 稱 副教授 二OO九 年 六 月 普通本科生畢業(yè)論文誠信承諾書 畢業(yè)論文題目 The Great Gatsby and the Ame

2、rican Dream 學(xué)生姓名 李嘉茵 ?！I(yè) 經(jīng)貿(mào)英語 學(xué) 號 0051843 指導(dǎo)老師 李春長 職 稱 副教授 所在學(xué)院 外國語學(xué)院 誠信承諾 本人慎重承諾和聲明： 我承諾在畢業(yè)論文活動中遵守學(xué)校有關(guān)規(guī)定，恪守學(xué)術(shù)規(guī)范，在本人的畢業(yè)論文中未剽竊、抄襲他人的學(xué)術(shù)觀點、思想和成果，未篡改研究數(shù)據(jù)，如有違規(guī)行為發(fā)生，我愿承擔(dān)一切責(zé)任，接受學(xué)校的處理。 學(xué)生（簽名）： 年 月 日 摘要 《了不起的蓋茨比》是菲茨杰拉德的一部名著,通過對蓋茨比的悲劇的描寫再現(xiàn)了美國20 世紀(jì)20 年代“迷惘一代”的美國夢的必

3、然破滅。作品深刻反映了社會現(xiàn)實,揭示了美國社會浮華背后的精神危機,揭露了生活在美國爵士時代的不同階層在金錢面前的不同表現(xiàn)和美國夢的必然破滅。主人公杰伊?蓋茨比是美國夢的犧牲品, 他的一生充滿了悲劇性的色彩,他的夢想的破滅正是美國二十世紀(jì)前半期的寫照, 他的這種夢想也是美國人當(dāng)時心態(tài)的反映。蓋茨比的執(zhí)著追求歸于毀滅, 有著其深刻的社會原因: 扭曲變質(zhì)了的美國夢、美國社會的道德和價值觀念的淪喪和墮落。本文首先闡述了美國夢的定義及演變，然后簡介作者和作品的背景。第三部分細(xì)講蓋茨比的財富夢和愛情夢。最后認(rèn)為美國夢的破滅是必然的及其給世人的啟迪。 關(guān)鍵詞：《了不起的蓋茨比》;美國夢;財富夢

4、;愛情夢 Abstract The Great Gatsby is one of Fitzgerald’s masterpieces. The author vividly presents the doomed failure of the Lost Generation in the 1920s by describing the tragedy of Gatsby. The novel reflects the social reality, displays spiritual crisis behind the vanity, and re

5、veals how the different strata in America’s Jazz Age regarded money and the bankruptcy of the American dream. Jay Gatsby is the victim of American dream and his life is full of tragedy. The wreckage of his dream is just the reflection of American life in the first half of the twentieth century. Gats

6、by’s dream also reflects the state of mind of Americans at that time. There are several reasons for Gatsby’s failure (from his pursuit of the dream to the destruction of his life): the corrupted American dream, the ruined moral and values in America. The paper firstly tells the definition and deriva

7、tion of the American dream. Then it gives a brief introduction of the background of the author and the work. The third part is the analysis of Gatsby’s fortune dream and love dream. Finally, the author points out the inevitable disillusion of the American dream and presents the enlightenments of the

8、 novel. Key words: The Great Gatsby; American dream; Fortune Dream; Love Dream Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 the American Dream 2 2.1 The Definition 2 2.2 The Development 3 3 The Background of F. Scott Fitzgerald and the Great Gatsby 3 3.1 The Social Background 3 3.2 The

9、 Writing Background 4 4 Gatsby and his American Dream 5 4.1 Gatsby and his Fortune Dream 5 4.2 Gatsby and his Love Dream 8 5Conclusion 12 References 13 Acknowledgements 14 普 通 本 科 畢 業(yè) 論 文 題目：Upon the Translation Strategy of Chinese Culture-Loaded Words

10、 文化負(fù)載詞的英譯探討 學(xué) 院 外國語學(xué)院 學(xué)生姓名 楊林海 學(xué) 號 0083157 專 業(yè) 英語（經(jīng)貿(mào)方向） 級 別 08級 指導(dǎo)教師 職 稱 二OO九 年 六 月 普通本科生畢業(yè)論文誠信承諾書 畢業(yè)論文題目 Upon the Translation Strategy of Chinese Culture-Loaded Words 學(xué)生姓名 楊林海 ?！I(yè) 英語（經(jīng)貿(mào)方向） 學(xué) 號 0083157 指導(dǎo)老師

11、 職 稱 所在學(xué)院 外國語學(xué)院 誠信承諾 本人慎重承諾和聲明： 我承諾在畢業(yè)論文活動中遵守學(xué)校有關(guān)規(guī)定，恪守學(xué)術(shù)規(guī)范，在本人的畢業(yè)論文中未剽竊、抄襲他人的學(xué)術(shù)觀點、思想和成果，未篡改研究數(shù)據(jù)，如有違規(guī)行為發(fā)生，我愿承擔(dān)一切責(zé)任，接受學(xué)校的處理。 學(xué)生（簽名）： 年 月 日 摘要： 隨著各國之間的文化交流越來越頻繁，文化交流與翻譯已經(jīng)建立了緊密的聯(lián)系。在向世界介紹中國文化的過程中，文化負(fù)載詞的翻譯成了翻譯者所面臨的一個棘手問題。這篇論文對文化負(fù)載詞進(jìn)行了比較詳盡的介紹和分類,并且探討了著名翻譯者在翻譯文學(xué)作品中的這類詞所

12、采用的翻譯策略，從而得出翻譯文化負(fù)載詞比較理想的翻譯策略。 本文首先介紹了語言、文化和翻譯的關(guān)系。從而得出，翻譯不僅是一種雙語活動，本質(zhì)上涉及了兩種文化的交際活動。接著，根據(jù)一些學(xué)者提出文化負(fù)載詞的含義，得出漢語文化負(fù)載詞的定義和分類。本文從文化交流這個角度來研究漢語文化負(fù)載詞，并找出有針對性的辦法來解決如何翻譯好漢語文化詞。分析“歸化”、“異化”兩種翻譯策略對十漢語文化負(fù)載詞的意義。根據(jù)實際情況，靈活處理漢語文化負(fù)載詞的翻譯問題。在當(dāng)今“全球化”國際環(huán)境下，“異化”翻譯是一種總的發(fā)展趨勢，它有利十保存漢語的文化韻味，從Ifu達(dá)到對漢語的推廣，樹立民族形象的目的。而“歸化”翻譯作為一種必要的

13、輔助模式，則有利十緩和文化沖突，增進(jìn)互相理解，實現(xiàn)跨文化交際。最后，通過翔實的例子分析，本文列出了“歸化”翻譯和“異化”翻譯的具體方法，使文章更具實用性。 關(guān)鍵詞：文化負(fù)載詞; 文化負(fù)載詞的分類; 異化; 歸化 Abstract: With the frequent cultural exchanges among all the countries, the close relationship between cultural exchange and translation has been constructed. During the introd

14、uction of the Chinese culture to the world, one of the tricky problems facing the translator is to deal with the translation of culture-loaded words. The paper makes a detailed elaboration on the culture-loaded words and its classification, and explores translation strategies of this sort of words i

15、n the version of famous literary works by some well-known translators, with an aim to find the proper translation strategy for the culture-loaded words. The paper starts with the relationship of language, culture and translation. It summarizes translation is a bilingual activity and more essentiall

16、y a bicultural activity. After the analysis of different interpretations of culture-loaded words put forward by many scholars, the definition and Classification of Chinese culture-loaded words is clear. It is advisable to study the translation of Chinese culture-loaded words from the cultural persp

17、ective so as to find out available strategies and practical methods. With detailed analysis and abundant examples, the author tries to clarify that both domestication and foreignization can stand rationally in the English translation of Chinese culture-loaded words. In the present situation of globa

18、lization, cultural blending forms a prevailing tendency. As the primary choice of translation strategies, foreignization serves to retain the cultural flavor of the source language, and help extend the influence of Chinese culture in international communication. Nevertheless, domestication also dese

19、rves the translator's consideration in that it can eliminate cultural conflict and achieve intelligibility of the target readers. Absolute application of either of the two strategies is unscientific and one-sided. Finally, through analysis of example, this paper lists the specific meth

20、ods of domestication and foreignization, which makes the whole thesis more complete and practical. Key Words: culture-loaded words; classification; foreignization; domestication 江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)普通本科生畢業(yè)論文 The Great Gatsby and the American Dream 1 Introduction 　In the 1920s, F. Scott. Fitzgeral

21、d, a famous American writer wrote his masterpiece called The Great Gatsby which is known for its beautiful language, subtle techniques and so on. It also reveals the disillusion of the American dream—the disparity between material richness and spiritual emptiness which is an irony of the American va

22、lue system. To certain extent, the tragedy of Gatsby is the tragedy of the time. Gatsby himself is the victim of the whole society. The 1920s in America was a time of carefree prosperity, isolation from the world’s problems, bewildering social change and feverish pursuit of pleasure. The social, cul

23、tural, and historical milieu of the 1920s reflected in its pages is not so different from our own. F. Scott Fitzgerald is widely praised as the finest and most celebrated novelist of the twentieth century America. Fitzgerald’s masterpiece The Great Gatsby, as “The Great American Novel”, stands as th

24、e supreme achievement of his career. It is the classic novel about the American dream, one of the great novels of the 20th Century as it captures perfectly some essential quality of the American myth and dream of the Jazz Age. The novel has profoundly portrayed the unsatisfied desire of wealth and d

25、isplayed the theme of the novel—the disillusion of American dream. The novel can enrich the reader’s understanding of that time and make the readers know better about the influence of American dream on American society. America in the 1920s experienced superficial economic prosperity and also the la

26、tent crisis. The superficial economic prosperity and the business development distorted the American dream. People at that time believed that money could buy everything and that, if you had money, you could get whatever you wanted. From the First World War to the 1930s, the American youth pursued th

27、e American ream blindly and feverishly. At last, their dreams were all dashed to the ground. Gatsby was not an exception. The Great Gatsby is a gripping tragedy of the realization and disillusion of the American dream. The reason why it can be distinctive from the customary money and banal love an

28、d brings amazement and warning to people is the woe in the construction of the dream. Gatsby’s pertinacity and artistic charm woke up the lost dream of people. The American dream made people combine it with the better days. They believed that material wealth could help them to realize the dream whil

29、e the reality was not the case. Gatsby did not understand the real function of money in society. The American dream and better days that he believed are just a great lottery which was entirely incompatible with the social reality. 2 the American Dream 2.1 The Definition Dream means an unrealize

30、d ideal that expresses a resolution or belief. The early Americans who held this sort of dream came to America and hoped to achieve great successes in a short time. America becomes an attractive place called paradise where every person can realize their dreams, so America becomes a mythology. As we

31、all know, “the American dream” has great effects on American history, especially on the life of American people, but what is, indeed, “the American dream”? Different people have different understanding and interpretation. The so-called American dream, is a belief that after a hard struggle the Unite

32、d States will be able to achieve the ideal of a better life, that is, people have to work through their own hard work, courage, creativity and determination to move towards prosperity, rather than rely on specific social classes and other assistance. Many European immigrants hold the American dream

33、as the ideal of the United States. Despite some criticism of the American dream of excessive emphasis on material wealth and happiness, many Americans really believe that the success of such an opportunity which is not found in other countries also does not exist in America. More and more people fro

34、m different nations would like to pursue their American dreams in the US. So the American dream also characterizes serious American fiction. The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott. Fitzgerald is indeed one of the representative works that reflects the illusory nature of the American dream. 2.2 The De

35、velopment The American dream is a kind of romantic expectation and also a belief in the possibility of achieving some sort of glowing future with hard work and sincere devotion. In the early years, the American dream was Puritan desire for the freedom in religion and creation. Along with the expan

36、sion to the West, the American dream developed into the pursuit of happiness, especially of success, including career, love and wealth. After the Civil War, the American dream became more popular and concrete and it made people believe that as long as he worked hard, a poor boy could become a millio

37、naire on this wonderful land. 3 The Background of F. Scott Fitzgerald and the Great Gatsby 3.1 The Social Background When human history develops into the twentieth century, the American Dream becomes the main aim of Americans. At the end of the First World War, one of the most important lite

38、rary developments took place, in which a new group of writers called “the lost generation” rebelled against former ideas and values, but they replaced the former only with despair and cynical hedonism. American literature of 1920s is characterized by disillusion of ideals and by civilization that th

39、e capitalist society advocates. The lost generation in the 1920s shows a sense of loss after the First World War. The charge that F. Scott Fitzgerald was an irresponsible writer is refuted by the composition of The Great Gatsby. He began planning the novel during the summer of 1922 which is set in t

40、he Midwest and New York at the end of the nineteenth century. At that time, he announced his decision to write “something new－something extraordinary and beautiful and simple＋intricately patterned.” (Matthew J. Bruccoli and Margaret M.Duggan, 1980: 112) The decade influences Fitzgerald and his writi

41、ng a lot, just as Arthur Mizener observed that “Scott Fitzgerald had an imaginative sense of the experience of the 1920’s, who was indeed a writer so closely related to his time. He was in danger of being wholly absorbed by his sense of it and of writing books that would not survive it.”( Eble Kenne

42、th, 1973:100) Fascinated by the content of the American dream, F. Scott Fitzgerald employed what he knew and what he had, either directly or indirectly, experienced in post-war America to dramatize the disillusion that he felt amid the American greatness. 3.2 The Writing Background Among America

43、n writers in the 1920s, F. Scott. Fitzgerald is crowned with the most incredible achievement in the United States. His masterpiece, The Great Gatsby, conjures up the image of the roaring twenties, the age of flapper and the Jazz Age. Its writing background was in the 1920s in America which was a tim

44、e of carefree prosperity, isolation from the world’s problems, bewildering social change and a feverish pursuit of pleasure. The decade is often referred to as the Jazz Age. America had just come out of the First World War, one of the bloodiest and most violent episodes in this nation’s history. The

45、 protagonist, Jay Gatsby, a poor young man, falls in love with a rich girl while he is serving as an officer in the army during the First World War. She loves him but marries someone else when she has given up on his coming back to her. A few years later, he becomes rich and tries to persuade her to

46、 leave her husband for him. She nearly does, but instead stays with her husband. She kills her husband’s mistress in an automobile accident. But the dead woman’s husband, deceived into thinking that Gatsby is responsible, kills Gatsby and then himself. F. Scott. Fitzgerald bitterly portrays the lame

47、ntable scenes he catches in the course of ethical and cultural collapse through disillusion of the American Dream. In The Great Gatsby, there is a metaphor for an entire era when he portrays Gatsby’s world as an endless extravagant party, in which flappers seek frenetic pleasure. Fitzgerald’s novel

48、The Great Gatsby is a parody of the American dream, because in the experience of Jay Gatsby we have the corruption of the dream itself, that is, the traditional devotions wasted on spiritual gumdrops and material trivialities. 4 Gatsby and his American Dream 4.1 Gatsby and his Fortune Dream It is

49、 the American culture that teaches Gatsby to exert himself to “go ahead” in the world. He dreames to become a great man. As a boy, Gatsby has high aspirations. He is not content with things as they are. Trying to build up family fortunes and reach his goal, Gatsby works out a schedule in studies. He

50、 forces himself to get up early every morning and then exercise with dumbbells and wall-scaling. The schedule and the resolve are nearly the same as what Benjamin Franklin wrote in his Autobiography which are also an echo of typical Benjamin Franklin’s resolve concerning thrift, health and the goal

51、of advancement. In the schedule, we discover the roots of Gatsby’s transcendental vision and it indicates one of the suggestions throughout the novel that Gatsby’s dream is deep-rooted in the American dream. However, the young Gatsby is nothing. At the age of seventeen, Gatsby meets Dan Cody on the

52、 Lake Superior. Dan Cody, a fifty years old man, is very rich from his many gold and silver mines in Mexico. Then Cody does business in Montana and accumulates millions of properties. Actually he is a typical playboy who brings the couth and bad habits of border brothel and hotel to the eastern coas

53、t areas. When Gatsby makes acquaintance with Cody, Cody is squandering what he earned in his youth which goes against with Gatsby’ dream, but Gatsby admires him. Under the influence of Cody, Gatsby’s thoughts and pure dream begin to deteriorate. Then Gatsby goes to the service, he falls in love wi

54、th wealthy Daisy. Daisy eventually marries Tom Buchanan because of his status and money. However, the love failure does not let him frustrated and depressed. On the contrary, it stimulates his fighting spirit. He finds out what he wants to be. His ideals include money, a good job, a beautiful car, a

55、 mansion, an ideal wife and so on, among which money is the material base. As everyone knows, one can do nothing without money. Then Gatsby’s dream has material change and at that time, he is extremely hollow and depraved. In order to make more money, Gatsby connives with gangland and tries all dirt

56、y means. In a few years, he changes from riches to rags through bootlegging. Then he spends the bulk of his energy acquiring wealth and appearing wealthy to prove that his dream has come true. First, Gatsby changes his name when he gets rich, for he doesn’t want others to know his hard experience

57、in the past and he is afraid that people like Tom may look down upon him. So he constructs a new identity for himself because he is uncomfortable with his actual background. Then he moves into Long Island, east of New York which is divided in the novel by a courtesy bay into two egg-shaped islands—E

58、ast egg and West egg. They are dissimilar in every particular detail except in shape and size. The bay is a line of demarcation which separates the upper class from the lower class. The very rich live in big mansions in East egg while the poor and middle class inhabit in small and shabby houses in W

59、est Egg. Here the places where lives can show off his social status. One of the most fantastic descriptions in the novel is about his luxurious mansion which is also another way to appear wealthy. Compared with the Buchanan’s cheerful red–and-white Georgian colonial mansion inherited from their

60、noble ancestors, Gatsby’s house is simply a factual imitation of the Hotel de Ville in Normandy. In order to show off his great fortune, Gatsby builds a house by imitating the old aristocratic style. What’s more, Gatsby’s mansion is sparking under thin beard of raw ivy. This suggests his desire of i

61、ncorporating into the upper class. Besides the colossal mansion, Gatsby is also noted for his most fabulous parties held in his mansion every weekend night. Every time when Gatsby holds the party, he would ask the servants to make up his mansion for the party and hire a big group of musicians to pla

62、y music for dancing, which makes his parties decent and attractive. Apparently, the parties are lively and crowded with numerous guests, and for Gatsby, the parties are held to make an impression. He was engaged in his wealthy dream, enjoying the envy from other people. With his showiness abou

63、t money, Gatsby thinks his dream has come true. He lives in a huge mansion, holds lavish parties, wears pink suits and silver shirts, and prefers his big automobiles to be in a showy cream color. He has gained what other rich people have and the poor dream of. His identity, status and wealth have go

64、t others’ recognition which makes him think that he has been elevated into the upper class. However, all his realized dreams are fabricated and his dreams have never come true. In his eyes, the party is a tool to gain social recognition, which is held to show his social equality with the noble peopl

65、e like the Buchanans. The parties do succeed in drawing people from all walks of life, but Gatsby doesn’t gain social recognition and sincere relationship as he wants. On one hand, Gatsby deliberately hides himself from the crowded guests. He has no interest in getting involved in the party. He need

66、s to hide his real identity and carefully plays the role as a rich nobleman. On the other hand, the guests come to the party only for the sake of reveling and merry-making. Most of the guests belong to the dull and careless community. For example, Doctor Webster Civet drowned last summer up in Maine, Clarence Endice who came to the party and had a fight with a bum named Etty in the garden, and Henry L. Palmetto killing himself by jumping in front of a subway train in Times Square. They are empty