2020年中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 基礎(chǔ)語法 專題十一 簡單句的種類試題

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1、專題十一 簡單句的種類 學(xué)前自測(cè)（發(fā)現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)） ( )1. He needs your help. You ___ and give him a hand. A. should to stay B. shouldn't stay C. ought not stay D. ought to stay ( )2. —Excuse me, can I smoke here? —No, ____. A. you mustn't B. you'd not better C. you can

2、 D. you'd better not to ( )3. _____ useful advice you gave us! A. What a B. How a C. What D. How ( )4. —Mum, must I finish the homework tonight? —No, ____. It is Saturday and you can finish later. A. you must B

3、. you'd not better C. you mustn't D. you don't have to ( )5. — ____ will the next bus come, do you know? —In five minutes. A. How long B. How soon C. How many D. How far ( )6. —You won't follow his example, will you? — ____. I d

4、on't think he is right. A. No, I won't B. Yes, I will C. No, I will D. Yes, I won't ( )7. —Subway Line 6 and Line 2 will be built in our city in the coming four years. —Wow! _____ news! A. What exciting B. How exciting C. What an excitin

5、g D. How an exciting ( )8. —Must we collect the waste paper and bottles now? — _____. You can do it after class. A. Yes, you must. B. No, you needn't. C. Yes, you may. D. No, you mustn't. ( )9. It's great! Your daughter's finished the

6、homework, _____? A. has she B. isn't she C. hasn't she D. does she ( )10. ____ the map and tell me where Shanghai is. A. Look at B. Looks at C. Look around D. Looking at ?？伎键c(diǎn)知識(shí)清單（研習(xí)考點(diǎn)） 考點(diǎn)一 陳述句 陳述句用來陳述事實(shí)或看法,一般用降調(diào),句末用句點(diǎn)。 陳述句

7、包括肯定句和否定句。 1. 肯定句 肯定句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語”或“主語+謂語+其他”。 My brother is a bus driver. 我的哥哥是一名公共汽車司機(jī)。 2. 否定句 (1) 如果句子中含有 be 動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,在它們之后直接加上 not 構(gòu)成否定形式。 The girl isn't studying in the classroom. 那個(gè)女孩沒有在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。 (2) 如果句子的謂語動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,其否定形式為:助動(dòng)詞 do/ does/ did+not+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(原形)。 Mike doesn't have a brother.

8、 邁克沒有哥哥。 (3) 除了 not 以外,還有一些可以構(gòu)成否定式的否定詞,如:no ( =not any / not a), no one, never, nothing, no-body, neither, none。 I have never been abroad. 我從來沒有去過國外。 (4) 句子中含有 little, few, seldom, hardly 時(shí),表示部分否定。 I can hardly sing English songs. 我?guī)缀醪粫?huì)唱英文歌曲。 (5) 當(dāng) all, both, each, everyone, everything, everywh

9、ere, always 等表示總括意義的詞和 not 連用時(shí),表示部分否定。 Not all the girls like bright colours. 不是所有的女孩都喜歡鮮艷的顏色。 注意:如果肯定句中含有 some, somebody, someone, something, somewhere, already, 變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí),要分別改為 any, anybody, anyone, anything, anywhere, yet。 考點(diǎn)二 感嘆句 感嘆句是用來表達(dá)說話人對(duì)于某人、某物或某件事表示贊美、驚訝、喜悅、氣憤或悲哀等語氣的句子,這類句子有強(qiáng)烈的感情,句尾用感嘆

10、號(hào)。 感嘆句通常由 how 或 what 引出。 1. 如果對(duì)句子中的名詞或名詞詞組表示感嘆,用 what 引導(dǎo)。 (1) What+a/ an+adj. +單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語(+其他成份)! 其中主語和謂語可以省略。 What an interesting book (it is)! 多有趣的一本書啊! (2) What+adj. +名詞復(fù)數(shù)/ 不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語(+其他成份)! 其中主語和謂語可以省略。 What beautiful flowers they are! 多漂亮的花啊! 2. 如果對(duì)句子中的形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞表示感嘆,用 how 引導(dǎo)。 (1) How+a

11、dj. / adv. +主語+謂語(+其他成份)! How hard the people are working! 這些人們工作多努力啊! (2) How+主語+謂語! How time flies! 時(shí)間過得真快啊! 考點(diǎn)三 疑問句 用來提出問題的句子叫疑問句,句末須用問號(hào)。 疑問句包括:一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句等。 1. 一般疑問句 能用 yes 或 no 回答的問句叫一般疑問句,讀時(shí)用升調(diào)。 一般疑問句主要有以下三種形式: (1) be+主語+其他? Is your sister a nurse? 你姐姐是護(hù)士嗎? (2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語

12、+謂語+其他? Can you lend me your bike? 你能借給我你的自行車嗎? (3) 助動(dòng)詞+主語+謂語+其他? Have your friends ever visited your home? 你的朋友們?cè)?jīng)拜訪過你家嗎? 2. 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問句是指由特殊疑問詞(組)引導(dǎo)的疑問句,句末多讀降調(diào),回答時(shí)要根據(jù)具體情況作出回答,不能用yes 或 no。 特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成:特殊疑問詞(組)+一般疑問句? (1) 疑問代詞引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句 常用的疑問代詞有:what, who, which, whose, whom。 What is the girl doi

13、ng? 這個(gè)女孩正在做什么? (2) 疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句 常用的疑問副詞有:when, where, why, how。 Where is your pen pal from? 你的筆友來自哪里? (3) 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句 常用的疑問詞組有: A. what/ which/ whose+名詞。 What colour is your new coat? 你的新外套是什么顏色的? B. how + adj. / adv. 構(gòu)成的疑問短語有:how many, how much, how old, how tall, how long, how often, how s

14、oon, how far。 How often do you do exercise? 你多久鍛煉一次? 3. 選擇疑問句 選擇疑問句是提供兩種或兩種以上的情況,要求對(duì)方選擇一種情況回答的問句,用 or 連接,or 前用升調(diào),or 后用降調(diào)。 選擇疑問句可用完整的句子或省略句回答所選情況,而不能用 yes 或 no 來回答。 選擇疑問句的構(gòu)成有兩種情況: (1) 一般疑問句+or+被選擇的部分+其他? —Do you like football or basketball? 你喜歡足球還是籃球? —I like basketball. 我喜歡籃球。 (2) 特殊疑問句+A or

15、 B? —Which do you like better, apples or pears? 你更喜歡哪一類,蘋果還是梨? —I like apples better. 我更喜歡蘋果。 4. 反意疑問句 反意疑問句是附在陳述句之后,對(duì)陳述句所說的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問。 附加問句部分要與前面陳述句用逗號(hào)隔開,句末用問號(hào)。 附加部分的主語需用代詞,并與前句主語一致,謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)上也要一致。 反意疑問句的用法如下: (1) 主句為肯定陳述句時(shí),附加問句部分用否定形式,且必須用縮寫形式。 The girl went to school late yesterday, didn'

16、t she? 那個(gè)女孩昨天上學(xué)遲到了,對(duì)不對(duì)? (2) 主句為否定陳述句時(shí),附加問句部分用肯定形式。 He didn't eat anything, did he? 他沒有吃任何東西,對(duì)嗎? (3) 當(dāng)陳述句部分主語是指示代詞 that, this 或不定代詞 something, everything, nothing 時(shí),附加部分用 it。 Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切都準(zhǔn)備好了,對(duì)不對(duì)? (4) 當(dāng)陳述部分主語是 everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, somebody, someone 時(shí),附加部分可用

17、they,也可用 he。 Everybody likes the new teacher, don't they? 大家都喜歡這位新老師,對(duì)不對(duì)? Someone knows the answer, doesn't he? 有人知道答案,對(duì)不對(duì)? (5) 當(dāng)陳述句部分是“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),附加疑問句部分的主語用 there。 There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? 你的手表有毛病了,對(duì)不對(duì)? (6) 當(dāng)陳述部分含有否定前綴的詞時(shí),仍然把陳述部分看作肯定句,其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。 It is impos

18、sible, isn't it? 這是不可能的,對(duì)不對(duì)? (7) 以 let's 開頭的祈使句,附加問句應(yīng)用 shall we;其他形式的祈使句,無論是肯定還是否定祈使句,附加問句都可用 will you。 Let's go home now, shall we? 現(xiàn)在咱們回家吧,好嗎? 注意: 以 let us 開頭的祈使句,附加問句應(yīng)用 will you。 eg: Let us have a rest now, will you? 現(xiàn)在讓我們休息一會(huì)兒,好嗎? (8) 當(dāng)陳述部分的主句是 I think/ believe/ suppose 等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),問句部分則往往與 that 從

19、句中的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞保持一致。 I think he is asleep, isn't he? 我認(rèn)為他睡著了,是不是? (9) 反意疑問句的回答 在回答反意疑問句時(shí)肯定用 yes,后跟肯定的陳述;否定用 no,后跟否定的陳述。 如果反意疑問句是前否后肯的形式,回答中 yes 翻譯成“不”;no 翻譯成“是的”。 —Mary sings well, doesn't she? 瑪麗唱得很好,是不是? —Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 不,她唱得很好。 / 是的,她唱得不好。 巧學(xué)妙記: 前肯后否是習(xí)慣,前否后肯也常見。 尾句 not 若出現(xiàn),必須縮

20、寫是習(xí)慣。 還有一點(diǎn)需注意,短語代詞作主語?；卮鸱匆庖蓡柧?答語含義是依據(jù)?？隙愂鲇?yes,否定陳述用 no 替。 考點(diǎn)四 祈使句 祈使句表達(dá)說話人對(duì)對(duì)方的叮囑、勸告、希望、禁止、請(qǐng)求或命令等。 祈使句一般以動(dòng)詞原形開頭,無時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化,句末用句點(diǎn)或感嘆號(hào),讀時(shí)用降調(diào),在祈使句的句首或句末加上 please,以使語氣更加委婉客氣。 祈使句有肯定和否定兩種形式。 1. 肯定祈使句 (1) 動(dòng)詞原形+其他。 Open the door, please. 請(qǐng)打開門。 (2) Let's+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。 Let's go to the park this Sunday. 這

21、個(gè)星期天咱們?nèi)ス珗@吧。 2. 否定祈使句 (1) Don't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。 Don't play football on the road! 不要在馬路上踢足球! (2) Let sb. not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。 Let's not make so much noise here. 咱們不要在這大聲吵鬧。 (3) Never+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。 Never be late for school. 上學(xué)絕不可遲到。 3. 祈使句的回答 因?yàn)槠硎咕渫ǔ１硎緦硪l(fā)生的動(dòng)作,所以回答祈使句時(shí),一般用 will 或 won't。 —Don't forget to do your

22、homework. 不要忘記做你的作業(yè)。 —I won't. 我不會(huì)忘記的。 鞏固訓(xùn)練（夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)） 一、單項(xiàng)選擇 ( )1. —Mum had nothing for supper tonight, ____? —No. She didn't feel like _____ anything. A. had she; eating B. hadn't she; to eat C. did she; eating D. didn't she; to eat ( )2. — ___ did Tom

23、say when you told him the news? —Nothing. A. How B. What C. Which D. Why ( )3. — ____ the little boy looks! —Yes. He can’t find his mum. A. How sad B. What sad C. What sadly D. How sadly ( )4. —Let's go boating, ____? —OK. A. wi

24、ll you B. won't you C. shall we D. will we ( )5. —Have you read today's morning paper? —Not ____. What's the latest news about hand-foot-and-mouth disease? A. only B. yet C. ever D. just ( )6. — ____ make this mistake again, Jac

25、k. —Sorry. I _____. A. Don't; won't B. Don't be; won't C. Don't be; don't D. Don't; will ( )7. —Did you go fishing ____ swimming yesterday? —Neither. I went shopping. A. and B. or C. but D. so ( )8. — ____ do you go to school, by

26、 bike or by bus? —By bike. A. What B. When C. How D. Why ( )9. —There are always many volunteers in Olympic Games, ____? —Yes. Many hands make light work. A. aren't there B. are there C. aren't they D. are they ( )10. —There

27、is enough fruit for us, _____? — _____. We need to get some. A. isn't there; No B. isn't it; Yes C. is there; No D. isn't it; No 二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空 1. —_____ (how a) fast China is developing! —Yes, we are so lucky to live in such a great country. 2. —Mum, can I play

28、computer games this evening? —______ (finish) your homework first, and then we'll talk about it. 3. He seldom came here, ____ (does) he? 4. Don't forget to give Polly some food and change her water, ____ (would) you? 5. ____ (does) she sleep well last night? 6. _______ (What) clever dog Lucky i

29、s! It can understand Mr Smith's orders. 7. —__________ (often) do you brush your teeth? —Twice or more a day. 8. I always hate _______ (be) late for school. 9. Be careful! ______ (Do) go too high. 10. Which do you like _____ (well), skating or skiing? 答案： 學(xué)前自測(cè) 1-5 DACDB 6-10 AABCA 鞏固訓(xùn)練 一、1-5 CBACB 6-10 ABCAA 二、 1. How 2. Finish 3. did 4. will 5. Did 6. What a 7. How often 8. being 9. Don’t 10. better 8