2015年高考英語(yǔ)寫作 第29課時(shí) 寫作中高級(jí)詞匯和短語(yǔ)的使用

教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1、了解高考寫作的特點(diǎn)和要求。2、掌握寫作中的高級(jí)詞匯和短語(yǔ)并學(xué)會(huì)使用。 星級(jí) ★★★ 授課日期及時(shí)段 教學(xué)內(nèi)容 T-寫作中高級(jí)詞匯和短語(yǔ)的使用 （建議2-5分鐘） Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. → An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. →It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. 由此改寫引出寫作中高級(jí)詞匯和短語(yǔ)的使用的主題。 （建議20-25分鐘） 寫作中高級(jí)詞匯和短語(yǔ)的使用 用法分類詳解 一、考點(diǎn)掃描 關(guān)于安徽高考英語(yǔ)寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第五檔(21—25分)中有這樣一段話:"應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯;語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤,但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致。"這就是說(shuō),學(xué)生僅運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)的詞匯和基本的句型,不能體現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,即使表達(dá)無(wú)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,也不能得高分;相反有些錯(cuò)誤,目的在有意識(shí)地使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯,也不扣分,仍屬于最高檔次。高考把寫作要求提到了這樣一個(gè)高度,有利于反映學(xué)生的水平層次,有利于指導(dǎo)教學(xué)。因此要求考生在語(yǔ)言上做到準(zhǔn)確和得體的同時(shí)，注重上、下文連貫和表達(dá)方式的多樣化。新的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提倡考生使用高級(jí)詞匯和復(fù)雜句式，運(yùn)用過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)增強(qiáng)文章的連貫性。因此，運(yùn)用高級(jí)詞匯和復(fù)雜句式，運(yùn)用過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)是寫作得高分的重要手段。 二、用法詳解 1、使用高級(jí)詞匯 使用高級(jí)詞匯并不是用偏詞、難詞，而是一些運(yùn)用得體的習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式。像access, available, annoyed, appealing, charming, cute, confused, contact, challenging, considerably, consequently, demanding, essential, exceptional, fascinated, locate, participate, quit, significant, schedule, terrific, 等單詞，均可視作高級(jí)詞匯。 　1）用短語(yǔ)代替單詞 典型例題 I have made up my mind to study English better this term. (同義詞：decide) 典型例題 I have no idea how to enlarge my vocabulary. (同義詞：don’t know) 典型例題 A burning cigarette end resulted in/led to the big fire. (同義詞：cause) 典型例題 Since my childhood I have been fond of music. (同義詞：like) 典型例題 We will take the matter into account(consideration). (同義詞：consider)　 　2）善用小詞 在寫作中巧用、活用某些小詞，常常會(huì)起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛、四兩撥千斤的作用。 典型例題 2005 saw the successful launch of Shenzhou VI in China.（動(dòng)詞see） 典型例題 At the news of his death I was shocked. (名詞詞組at the news of) 典型例題 No one can enter the office without permission. 典型例題 They returned home, safe and sound. (形容詞做狀語(yǔ)) 　　3）巧用習(xí)語(yǔ)（idiom） 英語(yǔ)中有大量習(xí)語(yǔ)，如果運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，則可大大增加文章的感染力,在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中不斷積累。 典型例題 What she explained doesn't hold water. 她的解釋站不住腳。 典型例題 Many families struggle to make ends meet. 很多家庭只能勉強(qiáng)維持生計(jì)。 典型例題 I don’t know why she is always in low spirits. 我不知道她為什么總是情緒低落。 典型例題 He turned a deaf ear to what I said. 他對(duì)我的話一點(diǎn)也聽(tīng)不進(jìn)去。 典型例題 This sentence doesn't make sense. 這個(gè)句子講不通。 2、使用復(fù)合句 復(fù)合句可以把結(jié)構(gòu)松散的句子連接起來(lái)。高考寫作中用到的復(fù)合句包括下列幾種： 1） 定語(yǔ)從句 典型例題 The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般)　　 　→　The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高級(jí)) 2） 狀語(yǔ)從句 典型例題 After I enter college, I plan to set new goals in my study and improve my way of learning. 3）名詞性從句 典型例題 Xiao Ming was always late for school. His teacher didn't know why. → His teacher didn't know why Xiao Ming was always late for school. 3、使用慣用句型 1）強(qiáng)調(diào)句 典型例題 He didn't finish his task until midnight. →It was not until midnight that he finished his task. 3） 倒裝句 典型例題 I was not able to see him again until he came back from abroad. →Not until he came back from abroad was I able to see him again. 3）分詞短語(yǔ)、由with或without引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ) 典型例題 The driver escaped and didn't stop; he left the old man lying on the road. 　　 →The driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road. 　　 典型例題 We sang and danced. We told jokes and stories. We had a good time.　　 →We had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and stories.　　 典型例題 My father sat in the sofa. He was smoking and reading a newspaper.　　 →My father was smoking in the sofa with a newspaper in his hand 4） 被動(dòng)句 典型例題 We will hold the party on Saturday afternoon.　　 →The party will be held on Saturday afternoon.　　 4、適當(dāng)運(yùn)用過(guò)渡手段 過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)（也稱為銜接詞）能起到連接句與句或段與段的中間媒介作用，如果使用恰當(dāng)，就能增強(qiáng)文章的連貫性，使整篇文章順暢自然，嚴(yán)密緊湊。 1） 表示起始的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ) first of all, above all, to begin with, in my opinion, according to, as far as等　　 2）表示時(shí)間的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)　　 first ,then, later, meanwhile, at last, in the end, finally, after that, since then, for the first time, as soon as, the next moment等　　 3）表示空間的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)　　 near, next to, far from, on the left, to the right of, on one side of…on the ether side of, at the foot/top/end of, in the middle of　　 4）表示因果的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)　　 so, thus, therefore, as a result (of),because of, thanks to　　 5）表示轉(zhuǎn)折的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)　　 but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, in spite of, in fact等　　 6）表示列舉的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)　　 like, unlike, for example, take…as an example, such as, that is, as follows, in other words, and so on　　　 7）表示遞進(jìn)的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)　　 still, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, further more, on one hand…on the other hand, in addition, as well, not only…but also　　 8）表示總結(jié)的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)　　 in a word, in short, in brief, in general, on the whole, to sum up　　 （建議5-10分鐘） 一、按要求改寫下列句子。 1) English is widely used in the world. Most business letters are written in English. (合并為并列句) English is widely used in the world and most business letters are written in English. 2) People thought of some ways to solve the problem. These solutions didn't work. (合并為并列句) People thought of some ways to solve the problem but these solutions didn't work. 3) I suggest that you visit the Great Wall. It has a history of more than two thousand years. (合并為定語(yǔ)從句) I suggest that you visit the Great Wall, which has a history of more than two thousand years. 4） July 11 has been named the Sailing Day in our country since 2005. Zheng He began his famous voyage on July 11. (合并為定語(yǔ)從句) July 11, when Zheng He began his famous voyage, has been named the Sailing Day in our country since 2005. 5) I will not be able to meet you at the airport. I have some experiments to do that day.(合并為狀語(yǔ)從句) I will not be able to meet you at the airport because I have some experiments to do that day. 6）The problem was complicated. He solved it in only two hours with a computer. (合并為狀語(yǔ)從句) Though the problem is complicated, he solved it in only two hours with a computer. 7) In the past five years, there have been changes in people’s diet. It is a fact.(合并為名詞性從句) It is a fact that in the past five years, there have been changes in people’s diet. 8) The weather was fine. We went to visit the ZhongShan Park. (獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)) The weather being fine, we went to visit the ZhongShan Park. 9) You should never give up when you are faced with difficulties. (非謂語(yǔ)+倒裝句) Never should you give up when faced with difficulties. 10) When a man and a woman meet, the woman first offers her hand. (改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句) When a man and a woman meet, it is the woman who first offers her hand. 11) 眾所周知, 吸煙危害健康。（一句多譯） a. It is known to all that smoking does harm to people’s health. b. As is known to all, smoking harms people’s health. c. Everyone knows that smoking is harmful to people’s health. 二、完成句子 1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.　　 →___________________________,our journey was comfortable.　　 2.We all think he is a great man.　　 →We all _________________　　 3.Suddenly I thought out a good idea.　　 → _______________________________　　 4.The students there needn’t pay for their books.　　 → ______________________________________.　　 5. As a result the plan was a failure.　　 →_______________________________________　　 6. When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow.　　 →__________________, she went pale with sorrow.　　 7. She went to 　　Austria　　 in order to study music. 　　 →She went to Austria_______________________　　 8. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited　　 →_______________________________________　　 9. In our school, there are twenty-six classrooms.　　 →_______________________________________.　　 10.You can find my house easily. 　　 →______________________________________ 　　 11 When he arrives, please give me an e-mail..　　 →__________________________________________　　 12. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名詞性從句）　　 →__________________________________________________　　 13. Though I’m weak, I’ll make the effort. (使用倒裝句)　　 →_______________________________　　 14. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) 　　 →________________________________________________________________________ 　　 15. I passed the physics exam because of your help.(用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）　　 →_________________________________________________ 　　 16. She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (使用過(guò)去分詞)　　 →_________________________________________________________　　 17. They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式)　　 →______________________________________________________　　 18.I won’t believe what he says. （使用狀語(yǔ)從句）　　 →_____________________________________________________ 　　 19.If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （用并列句）　　 →_____________________________________________________　　 20．He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒裝句)　　 →_____________________________________________________________　　 三、基礎(chǔ)寫作 某報(bào)設(shè)有一個(gè)求助信箱，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下表中列出的信息，以高三學(xué)生李華的名義給Mr. Helper寫一封英文 短信。信的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已寫好，不計(jì)入五句話。 高三學(xué)生現(xiàn)狀 負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重的原因 每天在校時(shí)間 10小時(shí) 1. 面臨高考 2. 家長(zhǎng)期望高 每天作業(yè)時(shí)間 3-4小時(shí) 每天娛樂(lè)時(shí)間 幾乎沒(méi)有 每天睡眠時(shí)間 不足 Dear Mr. Helper, I’m a senior 3 student. I am now in great need of your help because I can hardly stand the great pressure. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ I am looking forward to your advice. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 寫作步驟： 第1步 審題 體裁格式 寫信 內(nèi)容 描寫高三現(xiàn)狀 人稱、時(shí)態(tài) 第一人稱、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 信息點(diǎn)的整 合和排列 6項(xiàng) 第2步 整合信息, 譯成英語(yǔ)。 1) 每天在校時(shí)間約10小時(shí)。每天完成作業(yè)時(shí)間3～4小時(shí)。 Every day we stay at school for about ten hours to have lessons. We spend at least three to four hours doing our homework. 2) 每天幾乎沒(méi)有時(shí)間娛樂(lè)、消遣。 a. We hardly have any time for relaxation. b. Hardly can we find any time to do what we want. 3) 每天睡眠時(shí)間不足，不利于健康。 a. We don’t have enough time to sleep, which does harm to our health. b. We suffer from lack of sleep, which, in the long run, is not good for our health. 4) 負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重的原因是面臨高考。 a. The main cause of our heavy burden is the pressure from the college entrance examination. b. The reason why we are carrying such a heavy burden is that we are facing the college entrance examination. 5) 父母對(duì)我們的期望很高。 a. Our parents expect too much of us. b. Our parents have high expectations of us. 第3步 連句成篇 Dear Mr. Helper, I’m a senior 3 student. I am now in great need of your help because I can hardly stand the great pressure. Every day we stay at school for about ten hours to have lessons ____ spend at least three to four hours doing our homework. _________, hardly can we find any time to do what we want. _____________, We suffer from lack of sleep, which, in the long run, is not good for our health. The reason why we are carrying such a heavy burden is that we are getting the pressure from the college entrance examination. ___________, Our parents have high expectations of us. I am looking forward to your advice. Yours sincerely Li Hua Keys: and; As a result; What’s worse; In addition; score:____________ （建議2-5分鐘） 回顧與自我總結(jié)學(xué)習(xí)法 批注：第一步采用回顧學(xué)習(xí)法，讓學(xué)生自己回憶在本模塊學(xué)到了哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)；鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生自己梳理課堂思路和知識(shí)點(diǎn)，實(shí)在想不起來(lái)的再翻閱講解的內(nèi)容。第二步是通過(guò)所作的練習(xí)總結(jié)，即根據(jù)“斬妖除魔”環(huán)節(jié)， 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自行總結(jié)并有意識(shí)地使用寫作中的高級(jí)詞匯和短語(yǔ)。 附：高中英語(yǔ)常用的重要句型 1. It was not until midnight that he finished his task. 2. Not until he came back from abroad was I able to see him again. 3. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 4. He walked around the house, gun in hand. 5. May you be in good health! 6. Wish you a pleasant journey back home! 7. The professor was a humorous man with big nose and deep-set eyes. 8. What surprised me most was his imagination and patience. 9. He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his head. 10. Sitting under the tree are Mr. Green and his first teacher. 11. On the wall hang two pictures of famous scientists. 12. Looking back upon those past years, he couldn't help feeling very proud. 13. No sooner(Hardly) had he arrived at the theatre than(when) the play started. 14. Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics. 15. How I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields! 16. There stands a beautiful vase in the corner of the room. 17. Ten miles north of the town lies a paper factory. 18. There goes the bell. 19. Nowhere has the world ever seen such a bird as here. 20. It is no use crying for help. 21. If only I had been your student in the middle school! 22. It is believed that such a thing will not happen again. 23. Only when he explained did I realize the reason for this. 24. “He works particularly hard.” “So he does, and so do you.” 25. Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another. 26. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple person of great achievements. 12