2014屆高三英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義 教師用書(shū) Book 4 Unit 2 Working the land 新人教版

2014屆高三英語(yǔ)人教版大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義教師用書(shū) Book 4 Unit 2 Working the land Ⅰ.聯(lián)想記憶(根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的詞匯及相關(guān)短語(yǔ)) 1．sunburnt adj.曬黑的→get_sunburnt 被曬黑；被曬傷 2．struggle vi. & n．斗爭(zhēng)；努力→struggle for_sth.為……而斗爭(zhēng)/奮斗→struggle to_do_sth.努力做(困難的)事 3．be satisfied_with 對(duì)……感到滿意→be content with/be pleased with 對(duì)……感到滿意 4．regret vt. & n．遺憾；后悔→regret doing_sth.后悔做過(guò)某事→regret to_do_sth.遺憾地做某事 5．build_up逐漸增強(qiáng)→build oneself up 強(qiáng)身健體 6．lead_to導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)→contribute to 導(dǎo)致 7．keep...free_from/of 使……免受(影響、傷害等)；使……不含(有害物)→be free from/of免受…… Ⅱ.構(gòu)詞記憶(根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的詞匯及其派生詞) 1．hunger n．饑餓；欲望；vt. & vi.(使)挨餓→hungry adj.饑餓的；渴望的 2．disturb vt.打亂；使不安→disturbing adj.引起煩惱的 3．free adj.自由的→freedom n．自由；自主 4．equip vt. & vi.配備；裝備→equipment n．設(shè)備 5．occupy vt.占據(jù)→occupation n．工作；職業(yè)；占領(lǐng) 6．chemistry n．化學(xué)→chemical adj.化學(xué)的 7．nutrition n．營(yíng)養(yǎng)→nutritious adj.有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的 8．discover vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)→discovery n．發(fā)現(xiàn) 9．reduce vt.減少→reduction n．減少 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)境填詞(根據(jù)提示用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(yǔ)填空) 1．Thanks to his struggle(努力) of decades(數(shù)十年), the increased output(產(chǎn)量) of the crops rid the world of(擺脫) hunger. 2．Seeing more goods exported(出口) and the foreign market expanding(擴(kuò)大), he was satisfied(滿意的)． 3．Organic(有機(jī)的) farming focuses_on(集中注意力于) the health of the food，reducing(減少) the pollution of the soil(土壤) and keeping products free_from_chemicals and pests(使……免受化學(xué)藥品和害蟲(chóng)的傷害)． 4．His hard work led_to(導(dǎo)致) the discovery(發(fā)現(xiàn)) of underground minerals(礦物)． 5．I regret_commenting(后悔評(píng)價(jià)) on his work and I would_rather(寧愿) I hadn’t done that. Ⅳ.語(yǔ)境記憶(背誦語(yǔ)段，記憶單元詞匯) People struggled against hunger for several decades，but to their regret，they still couldn’t increase the output of grain production.Therefore hunger was a disturbing problem then. Ⅴ.課文原句背誦 1．If_so,_what did you do to grow them? 如果這樣，你做什么來(lái)種植它們？ 2．Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，making_it_ready_for_crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. 像豌豆和大豆這樣的農(nóng)作物將重要的礦物質(zhì)帶回土壤，從而使之適宜于種植要求土壤肥沃的農(nóng)作物比如玉米和小麥。 3．He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他寧愿把時(shí)間花在自己的愛(ài)好上。 Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．I remembered________the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights. (2012·安徽，24) A．locking B．to lock C．having locked D．to have locked 答案　B 解析　句意為：離開(kāi)辦公室前我記著鎖門了，卻忘了關(guān)燈。remember/forget to do sth.記得/忘記去做某事；remember/forget doing sth.記得/忘記曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事。 (考查單元語(yǔ)法) 2．Lydia doesn’t feel like ________ abroad.Her parents are old. (2011·四川，2) A．study B．studying C．studied D．to study 答案　B 解析　句意為：莉迪亞不想到國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)，她父母年齡大了。feel like doing sth.想要做某事。 (考查單元語(yǔ)法) 3．More highways have been built in China，________it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (2011·陜西，20) A．making B．made C．to make D．having made 答案　A 解析　句意為：在中國(guó)修建了更多的高速公路，這就使人們更容易從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方去。此處是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表意料之中的結(jié)果。動(dòng)詞不定式常表意料之外的結(jié)果。 (考查單元語(yǔ)法) 4．The house was too expensive and too big.________，I’d grown fond of our little rented house. (2011·江西，27) A．Besides B．Therefore C．Somehow D．Otherwise 答案　A 解析　句意為：那所房子太貴且太大。此外，我已經(jīng)喜歡上我們租住的那間小房子了。besides還有，此外；therefore因此；somehow不知怎么地；otherwise否則，不然。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。 (教材原句：He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.) 5．________regular exercise is very important，it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. (2011·天津，5) A．If B．As C．Although D．Unless 答案　C 解析　句意為：雖然有規(guī)律的鍛煉很重要，但在臨睡覺(jué)前鍛煉卻從來(lái)不是個(gè)好主意。if可引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“如果”；as可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，若引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，句子需用倒裝；分析前后句可知，前句為后句的讓步狀語(yǔ)，故選C項(xiàng)，although表示“雖然”，可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；unless表示“除非”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 Ⅱ.完形、閱讀——英譯漢 1．Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed. (2012·江蘇·閱讀B) Merrigan_擔(dān)心2012年的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字出來(lái)后，平均年齡會(huì)更高。 2．There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. (2012·北京·閱讀D) 地球上人越來(lái)越多，他們有理由有權(quán)利想過(guò)更好的生活，而不是僅僅掙扎著活下去。 3．Even after two decades we still recognized each other. (2012·福建·完形) 即使已過(guò)了20年，我們?nèi)哉J(rèn)出了對(duì)方。 4．But can GM(轉(zhuǎn)基因) technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would, is it the best solution？ (2011·陜西·閱讀D) 但是轉(zhuǎn)基因科技真的能解決世界的饑餓問(wèn)題嗎？即使它能解決饑餓問(wèn)題，它是最好的方式嗎？ Ⅲ.書(shū)面表達(dá)——漢譯英 1．多虧你的鼓勵(lì)，我在數(shù)學(xué)上不斷進(jìn)步，最后我下決心上大學(xué)就學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)。(thanks to) (2012·廣東·讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)) Thanks to your encouragement, I made continuous progress in math, and finally made up my mind to study it in the university. 2．因而，我堅(jiān)信我們的未來(lái)掌握在我們自己手中。(therefore) (2012·浙江·書(shū)面表達(dá)) Therefore, I firmly believe that our future is in our own hands. 歷年高考熱點(diǎn)：therefore，although，statistic， struggle，decade，hunger，thanks to等的用法。 2014考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)：struggle，comment，regret，focus，rid，would rather，build up，lead to，keep...free from/of等的用法。 1 雙語(yǔ)釋義 vi. & n．奮斗，努力；拼搏(try very hard to do sth.) 學(xué)情診斷 (1)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕椤⒏痹~填空 ①He struggled to his feet. ②He struggled for his freedom. ③A strong man will struggle with/against the storm of fate. ④Life became a struggle for survival. (2)The working people have stopped their struggle ________ unfair treatment. A．a(chǎn)gainst B．for C．on D．to 答案　A 歸納拓展 struggle to one’s feet掙扎著站起來(lái) struggle for為……而奮斗, struggle against/with與……搏斗 struggle along/on勉強(qiáng)生存下去 struggle to do sth.努力做某事 2 雙語(yǔ)釋義 n．議論，評(píng)論(argument)；解釋(explanation)；批評(píng)，指責(zé)(criticism)；v.表達(dá)意見(jiàn)；發(fā)表評(píng)論(express an opinion) 學(xué)情診斷 (1)完成句子 ①He made helpful comments_on/about our work. 他對(duì)我們的工作提出了有益的意見(jiàn)。 ②She didn’t comment_on/upon what I said. 她對(duì)我的話未作評(píng)論。 ③Many people commented_that it was an excellent film. 許多人評(píng)論這部電影很精彩。 (2)I’d like to________on what they did about the arrangement. A．comment B．say C．tell D．speak 答案　A 解析　句意為：我想就他們對(duì)這項(xiàng)安排的所作所為作一下評(píng)論。comment on對(duì)……發(fā)表評(píng)論。 歸納拓展 make a comment/comments on/about對(duì)……發(fā)表評(píng)論 no comment無(wú)可奉告 對(duì)……發(fā)表評(píng)論 3 雙語(yǔ)釋義 vt.懊悔；后悔；遺憾(feel sorry about)；n.痛惜；懊悔；遺憾 學(xué)情診斷 (1)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①I regret having_broken (break)your glass；I will buy a new one for you. ②I regret to_tell (tell) you that you can’t pass the examination. ③I regret disturbing (disturb) you so long. (2)They failed to pass the exam last time.I regretted ________ them. A．to be not able to help B．being not able to help C．not being able to help D．not be able to help 答案　C 歸納拓展 regret doing/having done后悔做了某事 regret to do sth.遺憾將要做某事 regret to say/tell/inform...遺憾地說(shuō)/告訴/通知…… to one’s regret令某人感到遺憾的是 with regret遺憾地 易錯(cuò)提示 既可以跟不定式又可以跟動(dòng)名詞的詞(短語(yǔ))還有：remember，forget，try，mean，go on等。 4．focus 雙語(yǔ)釋義 v．集中(concentrate)；聚焦；n.中心點(diǎn)；焦點(diǎn) 學(xué)情診斷 (1)用focus短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①The children’s faces are badly out_of_focus in the photograph. ②When a photograph isn’t in_focus，it isn’t clear. ③The discussion focused_on three main problems. ④Because of her strange clothes，she immediately became the_focus_of_attention when she entered the hall. (2)Now one of the most serious problems many people are worried about________on the lack of adequate housing space. A．insists B．depends C．a(chǎn)grees D．focuses 答案　D 解析　句意為：現(xiàn)在許多人所擔(dān)心的最嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題之一集中在缺乏足夠的居住空間上。insist on堅(jiān)持；depend on依靠；agree on達(dá)成共識(shí)；focus on集中于。由句意可知，選D項(xiàng)。 歸納拓展 focus on/upon集中(注意力、精力等)于 focus one’s attention/efforts/mind on把注意力/努力/ 心思集中在……上 in focus 焦距正確；圖像清晰 out of focus焦距不正確；圖像不清晰 bring/throw sth.into focus使某事物成為焦點(diǎn)(受到關(guān)注) the focus of attention注意力的焦點(diǎn) 5 雙語(yǔ)釋義v.擺脫(be free of sb./sth.)，去除(remove)；丟棄 學(xué)情診斷 (1)完成句子 ①He has gone, and I’m glad to be_rid_of him. 他走了，而我很高興擺脫了他。 ②He believed that his manager wanted_to_get_rid_of_him for personal reasons. 他認(rèn)為經(jīng)理是出于個(gè)人原因想開(kāi)除他。 ③You must rid_yourself_of_these_old­fashioned_ideas. 你必須擺脫這些陳腐觀念的束縛。 (2)How to ________ these things ________ a big problem. A．be rid of；is B．get rid of；is C．be rid of；are D．get rid of；are 答案　B 歸納拓展 be rid of除掉，擺脫掉(麻煩的東西) get rid of處理掉；除去，擺脫 rid...of使擺脫；使解除；使去掉 rid of的賓語(yǔ)放在兩個(gè)詞之間 be(get) rid of的賓語(yǔ)跟在后面。 6 雙語(yǔ)釋義 寧愿；寧可(would prefer to) 學(xué)情診斷 (1)一句多譯 我寧愿步行也不坐出租車去那兒。 ①I_would_rather_walk_there_than_take_a_taxi. ②I_would_walk_there_rather_than_take_a_taxi. ③I_prefer_to_walk_there_rather_than_take_a_taxi. (2)To enjoy the scenery，Irene would rather spend long hours on the train ________ travel by air. A．a(chǎn)s B．to C．than D．while 答案　C 解析　would rather...than表示兩者選一，意思是“寧愿……而不……”。 歸納拓展 (1)would rather的否定形式為would rather not。 (2)would do A rather than do B/would rather do A than do B/prefer to do A rather than do B，表示“寧愿做A也不愿做B”。 (3)would rather后接動(dòng)詞原形或that從句。接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ) 氣，即用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反的情況，用過(guò)去完成 時(shí)表示與過(guò)去相反的情況。 7 雙語(yǔ)釋義 逐漸增強(qiáng)(make...stronger)；建立(create；set up)；開(kāi)發(fā)；增進(jìn)(develop) 學(xué)情診斷 (1)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕椤⒏痹~填空 ①He has built up a good business over the years. ②It is a cottage built entirely of bamboo. ③The pipes were built into concrete. ④Now we must build on our success in Italy. ⑤Try and build up his confidence a bit. (2)Taking exercise helps us ________ our body and keep a clear mind. A．put up B．build up C．set up D．make up 答案　B 解析　句意為：鍛煉身體幫助我們?cè)鰪?qiáng)體質(zhì)，保持頭腦清醒。build up逐漸增加；增強(qiáng)，符合句意。 歸納拓展 be built of用……建成 build...into把……嵌(建、裝)入 build on在……基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展；增(擴(kuò))建 8 雙語(yǔ)釋義 導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)(result in)；通往(go in a particular direction) 學(xué)情診斷 (1)同義詞語(yǔ)替換 It is said that a cigarette end led_to the forest fire.caused/resulted_in (2)I’m so glad you’ve come here to ________ this matter in person.. (2012·湖北，24) A．lead to B．see to C．turn to D．refer to 答案　B 解析　句意為：我很高興你能親自到這里來(lái)處理這件事。B項(xiàng)意為“處理”，符合句意。A項(xiàng)意為“導(dǎo)致”；C項(xiàng)意為“向……求助”；D項(xiàng)意為“參考”，都與句意不符。 歸納拓展 lead sb. to do sth.致使某人做某事 lead sb. to...帶(領(lǐng))某人到(某處)；使某人得出(結(jié)論) lead the way帶路，引路 in the lead處于領(lǐng)先地位 take the lead帶頭，領(lǐng)先 易錯(cuò)提示 lead to中to是介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或v.­ing形式。 寫(xiě)作句組　滿分作文之佳句背誦 a．However，they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams. (2011·江西) b．It’s love and concern that have brought about the great changes. (2011·福建) c．Around 540 million people are affected by second­hand smoke，which causes 100,000 deaths per year. (2010·廣東) d．Using the mouse for a long time may lead to painful wrists and fingers. (2009·江蘇) 9 學(xué)情診斷 完成句子 (1)It was several weeks before he was_completely_free_from/of_pain (完全不疼了)． (2)Her illness has_kept_her_away_from_work (使她上不了班) for several weeks. (3)The Chinese Central Government keeps_the_farmers_free_of_farming_tax(免除了農(nóng)民的農(nóng)業(yè)稅)． 歸納拓展 be free from/of不受……影響的；不含(有害物)的 keep (sb.) away from/keep (sb.) off(使)遠(yuǎn)離；使不接近 keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 keep (oneself) from doing sth.忍住(克制住自己)不做某事 1 如果明天突然沒(méi)有米吃了，你認(rèn)為將會(huì)發(fā)生什么？ 學(xué)情診斷 (1)翻譯句子 ①為什么你認(rèn)為他是成功的？ Why_do_you_think_he_is_successful? ②你認(rèn)為他們何時(shí)會(huì)給出答復(fù)？ When_do_you_think_they_will_give_an_answer? ③你建議他們應(yīng)該怎樣解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題？ How_do_you_suggest_they_solve_the_problem? (2)When ________ declare our marriage to our friends? A．do you think we should B．do you think should we C．you think we should D．you think should we 答案　A 解析　插入語(yǔ)do you think 要放在特殊疑問(wèn)詞when之后，do you think之后要用陳述語(yǔ)序。 歸納拓展 (1)do you think/believe/suppose/imagine/suggest/expect 等可用作插入 語(yǔ)，要放在特殊疑問(wèn)詞之后。其后用陳述語(yǔ)序，其后不加that。 (2)do you suggest 之后要用should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。 2 學(xué)情診斷 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)Learning (learn) new words is very important for me. (2)Being (be) a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me. (3)We must try to avoid repeating (repeat) the same mistake. (4)We’ve got to think of ways of changing (change) people’s habits. (5)Being_exposed (expose) to the sun will make you burnt. Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞 1．He has been struggling for success in business. 2．At that time，many people went hungry in many parts of the countryside. 3．The confusing speech that he made at the meeting left us all confused. 4．Much to my regret，I can’t attend the party. 5．I no longer have the support in the committee.I have therefore decided to resign. 6．90% of the products are exported to Europe. 7．Dr. Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. 8．The news of her death circulated quickly. 9．They’ve reduced the prices in the shop，so it’s good time to buy. 10．The spokesman refused to comment on the matter. Ⅱ.詞義猜測(cè)或句意理解題——用本單元詞匯或句式替換劃線部分 1．I’ve been working here for 30_years.3_decades 2．At that time, hunger was a troublesome problem in the countryside.disturbing 3．We do not own the building.Thus，it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.Therefore 4．Because_of his help, we successfully got what we needed.Thanks_to 5．The chemicals in the food supply stay_and_become_more in your body over time.build_up Ⅲ.微寫(xiě)作(17) 寫(xiě)作素材 1．饑餓曾是個(gè)困擾人的問(wèn)題。 2．在過(guò)去的十年里，農(nóng)民們成功地抵制了土地的沙漠化。 3．有了新的農(nóng)耕技術(shù)，谷物和其他糧食的產(chǎn)量都增加了。 提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達(dá)。 連句成篇(將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文) Hunger used to be disturbing in this area.In the past decade, farmers succeeded in the struggle against the expanding desert.Equipped with new farming methods, their output of grain and other crops has increased. Ⅳ.微語(yǔ)法(17)——非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ) (課外拓展——一個(gè)單元突破一個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)) 1．No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it’s better________silent. (2012·浙江，3) A．remain B．be remaining C．having remained D．to remain 答案　D 解析　句意為：不論一個(gè)健談?wù)叨嗝绰斆?，有些時(shí)候最好還是保持沉默。復(fù)合句中when引導(dǎo)的從句的主語(yǔ)為形式主語(yǔ)it，此時(shí)真正的主語(yǔ)可以為主語(yǔ)從句或不定式。 2．________ a wet football can hurt your foot if you are not careful. (2012·上海春招) A．Kicking B．Kicked C．Having kicked D．Kick 答案　A 解析　考查動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。句意為：在濕滑的地面上踢足球如果你不小心可能會(huì)傷你的腳。 3．It’s important for the figures________regularly. (2011·北京，25) A．to be updated B．to have been updated C．to update D．to have updated 答案　A 解析　句意為：對(duì)數(shù)字進(jìn)行定期地更新非常重要。分析題干可知update與the figures之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；又因?yàn)檫@里談及的是日常規(guī)律性的事情，因此應(yīng)該用一般式，故排除B項(xiàng)。 4．________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A．The president will attend B．The president to attend C．The president attended D．The president’s attending 答案　D 解析　v．­ing形式作主語(yǔ)。 5．________ twice a year，whether it is a car or a bus or a truck，is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. A．Examining B．Examined C．Being examined D．Having been examined 答案　C 解析　句中缺少的是主語(yǔ)，過(guò)去分詞不作主語(yǔ)，故排除B項(xiàng)；從整個(gè)句子意思來(lái)看examine需要用被動(dòng)式且用其一般式即可。 13