江蘇省沭陽縣銀河學(xué)校八年級英語上冊《Unit 2 School Life》重點難點講解 牛津版
江蘇省沭陽縣銀河學(xué)校八年級英語上冊《Unit 2 School Life》重點難點講解 牛津版
Language Points 重點難點講解
1. School life學(xué)校生活
★life作“生活(狀態(tài))”“生計”解釋時,既可以作可數(shù)名詞,又可以作不可數(shù)名詞。如:
① We are living a happier life now. 我們現(xiàn)在過著更幸福的生活。
② They lived a hard in the past. 過去他們過著艱苦的生活。
★life作“生命”解釋時,作不可數(shù)名詞。如:
① Do you know how life began? 你知道生命是怎樣起源的嗎?
② They were signs of life in the forest. 森林中有過生命的跡象。
★life作“性命”解釋時,作可數(shù)名詞。如:
① Many lives were lost in the fire. 許多人在火災(zāi)中喪了命。
② They gave their lives to the freedom of their people. 他們?yōu)槿嗣竦淖杂色I出了生命。
★life作“生物”“活的東西”解釋時,作不可數(shù)名詞。如:
Is there any life on the moon? 月球上有生命嗎?
2. What’s is school like? 上學(xué)是什么樣的?
It’s like watching TV. 上學(xué)就像看電視。
其中的like為介詞,意為“像……”。如:
① What’s a tornado like? 龍卷風(fēng)是什么樣的?
② What’s an earthquake like? 地震是什么樣的?
③ It’s like being on a boat. 這就像在船上一樣。
【注】like作動詞,意為“喜歡”,后接名詞、代詞、動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式作賓語。請比較:
① I like watching TV. 我喜歡看電視.
② School is like watching TV. 上學(xué)就像看電視。
3. It’s like watching TV, but there are fewer advertisements.上學(xué)就像看電視,但是廣告較少。
此句是存在句,主語是advertisements, fewer是few的比較級,意為“更少的”,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),不能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如:
① I have fewer friends than he. 我的朋友比他的朋友少。
② There are fewer books in your library than in ours.
你們圖書館的書比我們圖書館的書少.
【注】不可數(shù)名詞前用little修飾,其比較級為less。如:
③ You spend less time on Chinese than I. 你在語文上花的時間比我少。
④ We have and less rain this year than last year. 今年的雨水比去年少。
4. Telling people about your ideal school. 與人們談?wù)勀憷硐氲膶W(xué)校。
ideal是形容詞作school的定語,意為“理想的”。
★ideal作形容詞,意為“理想的”“完美的”“很合適的”“空想的”。如:
① This is an ideal place for picnic. 這是一個野餐的理想場所。
② This picture book is ideal for young children. 這本圖畫書很適合小孩閱讀。
★ideal作名詞,意為“理想”“典范”。如:
① I’ll try to realize my ideals. 我將努力實現(xiàn)我的理想。
② Charlie Chaplin is the ideal of many actors. 查理·卓別林是許多演員的典范。
【注】注意與idea的區(qū)別。idea也作名詞,意為“概念”“思想”“想法”“信念”。如:
③ What’s the main idea of the passage? 文章的大意是什么?
④ He came up with a bright idea. 他想出一個好主意。
5. He asks the Class 1, Grade 8 students to match the words on the left with the words on the right.
他叫八年級一班的學(xué)生將左邊的單詞與右邊的單詞配對。
其中狀語on the left和on the right是介詞短語,分別意為“在左邊”“在右邊”,在句中作定語。
★on表示“在……上”,表示與物體表面有接觸。如:
on the table 在桌子上 on the ground 在地上
on the road 在路上 on the wall 在墻上
on the river 在水面上
【注】有時on也可表示在某一范圍里面。如:
on the bus/train/plane 在汽車/火車/飛機上
★in意為“在……里”,表示空間。如:
in the desk 在課桌里 in the lake 在湖水里
in the wall 在墻里 in the world 在世界范圍內(nèi)
★at表示“在一個較小的地點”。如:
at the bus stop 在公交車站 at the airport 在飛機場
at the school gate 在校門口 at 105 Beijing Road 在北京路105號
【注】用in和at表達的含義不同。如:
I’ll wait for you in the post office. 我將在郵局里等你。
I’ll wait for you at the post office. 我將在郵局那兒等你。
6. I am in Year 8 at Woodland School near London.
我在倫敦附近的伍德蘭德學(xué)校讀八年級。
Year 8意為“八年級”,是美國英語的表達,相當(dāng)于英國英語中的Grade 8,其中基數(shù)詞表達序數(shù)詞的概念。用序數(shù)詞表達為the Eighth Year或the English Grade。由此可見用基數(shù)詞表達時不用冠詞,用序數(shù)詞表達要用定冠詞,用基數(shù)詞表達時數(shù)字在后,用序數(shù)詞表達時序數(shù)詞在前。又如:
Unit Ⅱ=the school unit第二單元
World War Ⅱ=the Second World War第二次世界大戰(zhàn)
Page 5=the fifth page第五頁
【注】在專有名詞中一般采用名詞加基數(shù)詞的形式。如:
Room 105 105房間
Flight 2218 2218次航班
7. It is a mixed school. 這是一所男女混合的學(xué)校。
其中mixed是mix的過去分詞,作school的前置定語。
★ mix作及物或不及物動詞,意為“攙和”“混合”“攪拌”等。如:
① Oil and water will not mix. 油和水不能相融。
② She does not mix freely with people. 她不隨便和人來往。
③ Mix this oil with the paint. 把這油和漆攙在一起。
★mixed可作前置定語,意為“混合的”。如:
mixed school男女混合的學(xué)校 mixed doubles混合雙打
mixed feelings復(fù)雜的感情
【注】mix其他用法可參見第一單元中mix的講解。
8. I like learning how to cook and sew. 我喜歡學(xué)習(xí)烹飪和做針線活。
Like作為動詞,意思是“喜歡”“中意”“愛好”等,通常用作及物動詞,有時也用作不及物動詞。
★like用作及物動詞時,其后面的賓語可以是名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式,也可以是動詞不定式短語。如:
① Do you like the book? 你喜歡那本書嗎?
② He doesn’t like it at all. 他根本就不喜歡它。
★like用作不及物動詞時,意思是“喜歡”“想要”。如:
① You may come whenever you like. 你想來就來。
② May one eat chocolate whenever he or she likes?
一個人可以想什么時候吃巧克力就什么時候吃嗎?
【注】like除了上述用法之外,還有“想(要)”的意思。如:
① We don’t like to trouble you at all, actually. 其實,我們一點兒也不愿麻煩你。
② Who likes to go by himself in the evening? 今天晚上誰想單獨去?
9. I did not know how to do things for myself before I came to this school.
在上這個學(xué)校之前我不知道怎樣獨立做事。
★for myself意為“我親自”“為我自己”“我獨自”,在句中作狀語。如:
① You may go and see for yourself you don’t believe me.
如果你不相信我的話,你可以親自去看看。
② Don’t easily follow others. You’d better think for yourself.
別輕易學(xué)他人的樣,你自己最好考慮一下。
★by oneself意為“單獨地”;to oneself意為“獨用地”;of oneself意為“自動地”。如:
① The old man lives by himself. 那老漢一個人生活。
② The door opens of itself. 門自動開。
10. Now, I know how to cook healthy and tasty meals. 現(xiàn)在我知道如何做健康美味的飯菜了。
句中的形容詞tasty由taste去e加y構(gòu)成,意為“美味的”,作定語或表語。如:
The cake is tasty.
The cake tastes good.
The cake has a good taste.
這蛋糕很好吃。
The restaurant serves tasty food.
The restaurant serves food good to eat.
The restaurant serves food with a good taste.
這家飯店供應(yīng)美味的食物。
【注】taste也可作系動詞或及物動詞,作系動詞時,意為“嘗起來……”,作及物動詞時,意為“嘗……”,后接物價賓語。如:
① The apple tastes sour. 這蘋果嘗起來是酸的。
② The cook tasted the dish and found it a bit salty. 廚師嘗了那盤菜,發(fā)現(xiàn)有點兒咸。
11. We can even bring in books and magazines from home but we have to tell our English teacher what we are reading.
我們能把家里的書和雜志帶來,但我們得告訴我們的英語老師我們讀的內(nèi)容。
★句中的bring in意為“帶到學(xué)校里來”,其中in是副詞。bring in在不同的句子里含有不同的意思。如:
① The farmers are bringing in rice. 那些農(nóng)民正在收獲稻子。
② The business brings in several thousand yuan. 那筆生意賺了幾千塊錢。
★what we are reading是一個名詞性從句,作tell的賓語,屬賓語從句,what引導(dǎo)賓語從句并在從句中作are reading的賓語。如:
① Please tell me what you want. 請告訴我你需要什么。
② Can you tell me what you name is? 你能告訴我你叫什么名字嗎?
【注】名詞性從句中應(yīng)用陳述句語序,不用疑問句語序。如:
錯誤:He asked me where does Tom live.
正確:He asked me where Tom lives. 他問我湯姆住在哪。
12. The reading week is always too short because we want to read all our friends’ books as well.
閱讀周總是太短因為我們也想讀朋友們的書。
★句中的as well用在句尾意為“也”,等于too,通常只用于肯定句。如:
They learn English and German, too.
They learn English and German as well.
他們學(xué)英語也學(xué)德語。
★as well as意為“不但……而且……”“除……也……”,相當(dāng)于besides。如:
① She cleaned her own room as well as/besides mine.
她除了打掃了我的房間也打掃了她自己的房間。
② He speaks Spanish as well as English. 他不但會講英語,也會講西班牙語。
【注】當(dāng)as well as連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式根據(jù)as well as前面的那個主語決定。如:
He as well as his parents is going to spend a holiday at the seaside.
他還有他的父母將去海邊度假。
★as well as意為“與……同樣好”。如:
She cooks as well as her mother does. 她燒菜燒得跟她母親一樣好。
13. Now, he drives me to school every day. 現(xiàn)在他天天開車送我上學(xué)。
句中的drive(過去式drove,過去分詞driven)意為“駕車”“開車”,可作及物或不及物動詞。
★drive作及物動詞或不及物動詞,意為“駕駛”“開車,作及物動詞時可接交通工作作賓語。如:
① They drove to the station. 他們開車到車站去。
② Who taught you to drive a car? 誰教你開汽車的?
★“drive sb.+副/介詞短語”意為“駕車載某人到某處”。如:
Can you drive me to the station? 你開車送我云車站好嗎?
★drive還可表示“驅(qū)逐”“逼迫”等。如:
① Let me drive you to work. 我開車送你上班。
② I drove her out of my home. 我把她趕出了我家。
14. I spend a lot of time practicing. 我花很多時間練習(xí)。
句中practice作動詞,名詞也為practice,在英國英語中,practise作動詞。
★practice作不可數(shù)名詞,意為“實踐”“練習(xí)”。如:
① Theory comes from practice. 理論來源于實踐。
② He had much practice in playing tennis. 他在打網(wǎng)球上有過許多練習(xí)。
★當(dāng)practice意為“慣例”“習(xí)俗”時,作可數(shù)名詞。如:
Taking a walk after supper is one of his usual practices.
晚飯后散步是他的一個習(xí)慣性做法。
★practise可作及物或不及物動詞,意為“練習(xí)”。如:
① They often practice/practice speaking English among themselves.
他們經(jīng)常相互間練習(xí)講英語。
② You should practice more. 你應(yīng)該多練習(xí)。
15. I enjoy this a lot. 我非常喜歡這個。
★enjoy作“喜愛”“欣賞”解,為及物動詞,其后可跟名詞、代詞或動名詞。如:
① I enjoyed the movie. 我欣賞這部電影。
② I enjoy my job. 我喜愛我的工作。
★enjoy oneself=have a good time,意為“玩得愉快”“玩得高興”。如:
① Did you enjoy yourself at the party? 你在聚會上玩得愉快嗎?
② “Goodbye, mother! I must be off!” “Enjoy yourself!”
“再見,媽媽!我得走了!”“祝你玩得高興!”
16. She helps me learn all about my new school. 她幫助我了解我的新學(xué)校的一切。
learn all about意為“對……全面了解”。all根據(jù)需要可換用其他不定代詞。
★learn nothing about意為“對……一無所知”。如:
I learn nothing about him except that he is an American.
我對他一無所知只知道他是個美國人。
★learn little about意為“對……了解很少”。如:
He learned little about China before he came to China. 在來中國之前他對中國了解很少。
★learn less about意為“對……了解更少”。如:
I learn less about the school than Lily. 我對該校了解得比莉莉少。
★learn a little/something about意為“對……有所了解”。如:
They learned a little/something about the accident. 他們對事故有些了解。
★learn much about意為“對……了解很多”。如:
The foreigner learns much about Beijing. 那個外國人對北京了解得很多。
★learn everything about意為“對……了如指掌”。如:
We are good friends and we learn everything about each other.
我們是好朋友,我們互相之間什么都清楚。
★learn most about意為“對……了解得最多”。如:
He learns most about Suzhou in our class. 在我們班他對蘇州了解得最多。
17. Julie is my hero. 朱莉是我的偶像。
句中的hero作可數(shù)名詞,復(fù)數(shù)形式為heroes,它指“英雄”“(故事、電影、小說中的)主人翁,男主角”。如:
① Who is the hero of the story? 誰是故事的男主人翁?
② Tell me something about the hero of the film.
告訴我一些有關(guān)電影中男主人翁的情況。
【注】女英雄,女主角為heroine。
18. During lunching, I meet my friends and we always have a great time talking to each other.
在午飯時我和朋友見面,我們總是在一起談得很開心。
句中的have a great time talking意為“在交談中過得很快樂”。
★have a…time + doing意為“在干某事中過得……”。如:
① We had a wonderful time staying with you. 和你在一起我們過得非??鞓贰?
② Mr and Mrs Brown had a hard/difficult time bringing up the four children.
把四個孩子撫養(yǎng)大,布朗夫婦日子過得很艱難。
19. Sometimes, we go to shopping malls after school. 有時我們放學(xué)后到購物中心去。
★sometimes是副詞,意為“有時”,通常用于非正式場合,既可用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的句子中,也可用于過去時態(tài)的句子中。如:
① Sometimes, we work at weekends. 有時候我們周天也要工作。
② Sometimes he walks to work. 有時候他走著去上班。
★sometime是副詞,意為“曾經(jīng)”“改日”,指一個不確定的時間,通常用于過去時態(tài)或?qū)頃r態(tài)的句子中,但不適用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。如:
① He visited us sometime in 2003. 他曾在二○○三年的某一天來看過我們。
② We’ll go to see you sometime this autumn. 今年秋天,我們將抽時間去看您。
★some time是個詞組,意為“一段時間”,其中some為形容詞,time為名詞。Some time只能和延續(xù)性動詞搭配使用。如:
① Please give me some time to look for it. 請給我點兒時間找找它。
② We will stay here for some time. 我們會在這兒待一段時間。
★some time意為“幾次”,其中time不表示“時間”,而是指“次數(shù)”。如:
I called you some times yesterday, but there was no reply.
昨天我給你打了幾次電話,但是都沒有接。
20. It means someone you admire very much. 這意思是指某個你非常崇拜的人。
句中的admire作及物動詞,意為“欽佩”“贊美”。如:
① Visitors to England usually admire our policeman.
來英國的游客通常都欽佩我們的警察。
② He drove the car and admired the beauty of nature. 他開車去觀賞大自然的美。
★admiration是admire的名詞,通常作不可數(shù)名詞。如:
① He speaks English so well that his friends are filled with admiration.
他英語說得好極了,他的朋友對他充滿了欽佩。
② My admiration for your good memory is great.
我對你非凡的記憶力非常欽佩。
21. Students must not talk in class during the reading week.
在閱讀周學(xué)生們課上決不準談話。
Must作情態(tài)動詞,must not意為“絕不可以”“不準”。
★must意為“必須”,表示主觀上認為需要干某事。如:
① I must study a foreign language well. 我必須學(xué)好一門外語。
② One must do one’s bit for one’s country. 一個人必須為國家盡自己的一份力。
【注】對must引導(dǎo)的疑問句的否定回答應(yīng)該用needn’t或don’t have to。
【注】must有時意為“偏偏”,表示講話者不滿的情結(jié)。如:
Must you make so much noise? 你偏要弄出這么多的噪音嗎?
★must not或mustn’t意為“絕不可以”“不準”,表示講話者不允許對方干某事。如:
① You must not come home late again. 你絕不可以再晚回家。
② He must not copy other’s exercises. 他絕不可以抄別人的作業(yè)。
★must用于肯定句,表示肯定推測。如:
① He must be a teacher. 他肯定是個老師。
② This must be your pen. 這肯定是你的鋼筆。
Unit 2 School life(2)
課文講解
一、Language points 重點難點講
1.Daniel wants to learn more about the subjects that British students study.
丹尼爾想了解更多有關(guān)英國學(xué)生所學(xué)的課程的情況。
句中的study為及物動詞,它的賓語是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that.
▲study作及物動詞或不及物動詞,意為“學(xué)習(xí)”“研究”。如:
① All of then study hard.他們大家都努力學(xué)習(xí)。
② They are studying the beginning of life.他們正研究生命的起源。
▲ study 也可作名詞,意為“研究”“學(xué)習(xí)”“書房”。如:
① They are making a study of UFO.他們正在對不明飛行物進行研究。
② How are you getting on with your studies ?你的學(xué)習(xí)情況如何?
▲learn 作“學(xué)習(xí)”解時,一般指學(xué)習(xí)、學(xué)會較簡單的東西,后接動詞不定式作賓語。作“明白”解時,可接從句作賓語。Learn of /about 意為“了解”“聽說”。如:
① They are learning some new words. 他們在學(xué)一些新單詞。
② We are learning to drive/how to drive. 我們在學(xué)開車。
聽到他逝世的消息我們很傷心。
[注]在表示“學(xué)習(xí)科目”的兩詞可換用。如:
①He learns /studies English. 他學(xué)英語。
2.John wrote back and attached some pictures to his e-mail.
約翰回復(fù)了并把一些照片粘貼到了電子郵件上。
attach 作及物或不及物動詞,意為“附上”“加上”“貼上”,常與介詞to連用。如:
① The man attached labels to the case. 那人將標簽貼在箱子上。
② Ha attached a photo to the letter .他隨信附上了一張照片。
▲ attach 也可表示“參加”“加入”,相當(dāng)于join.如:
① I got lost so I attached myself to another party of tourists.
我迷路了,所以只好加入另一個旅行團。
▲ be attached to 意為“深愛”“依戀于”。如:
① He is greatly attached to his teaching work.
他深愛他的教學(xué)工作。
3. Millie has more flowers than Amy.米莉比艾米的花多。
more…than…用于比較數(shù)量,意為“比…多”。More是many或much的比較級,后可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。
如:①Tom studies more subjects than Peter 湯姆學(xué)的科目比彼得多。
② we join more clubs than Tom and Hank. 我們加入的俱樂部經(jīng)湯姆和漢克多。
4.Daniel has fewer CDs than Kitty.丹尼爾的CD沒有凱蒂的多
其中fewer是few的比較級,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
▲ few意為“很少”“不多”。如:①she has few friends .她沒有幾個朋友。②There are so few that I can, t give you one. 沒有多少,我不能給你一個。
▲ a few 意為“幾個”。如:①she bought a few eggs and a little milk.她買了幾個雞蛋和一些牛奶。
5、Daniel wants to compare his school life with Nancy, s and john,s.
丹尼爾想把他的學(xué)校生活和南希和約翰的學(xué)校生活作一下比較。
▲ compare…with…意為“和…比較”。如:①We compare our school life with theirs.我們將我們的學(xué)習(xí)生活和他們的學(xué)校生活作比較。②it is sometimes quite necessary to compare Chinese with English.有時候很有必要比較一下漢語和英語。
6、Any scored the most points.艾米得分最多。
▲名中的the most +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示“在三者或三者以上中最多”。如:
①He has many books. I have more books. She has the most books.
他有許多書,我有更多的書,她的書最多。
▲the fewest +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),意為“在…中最少”。如:
②I scored few points . Amy scored fewer points. Tom scored the fewest points.
我得的分數(shù)很少,艾米得的分數(shù)更少,湯姆得的分數(shù)最少。
[注]形容詞的最高級前面必須用定冠詞。在有上下文情境的情況下,比較的對象和范圍有時可省。如:①I study few subjects. Daniel studies fewer subjects(than I ),Nancy studies the fewest subjects (among us).
7、we use ‘the most’for the largest amount and ‘the fewest’/‘the least’for the smallest amount. 我們用‘the most’表示最大量,用‘the fewest’ /‘the least’表示最小量。
短語a small/large amount of 后接不可數(shù)名詞,作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
① There is a large amount of rain in the mouth every year.
每年南方的降雨量很大。
②A large amount of money is lost. 大量的錢丟了。
▲ in large /small amounts 意為“大量/少量”,在句中通常作狀語。如:
①they buy fresh milk in large amounts. 他們大量買進鮮牛奶。
10、My uniform is the same as Simon,s uniform. 我的校服和西蒙的校服一樣。
▲the same as 意為“與…一模一樣”,相像的程度大于similar,like 和alike.如:
①Her skirt is the same as mine. 她的裙子和我的一模一樣。
②My trousers are the same as Tina,s 我的褲子和蒂娜一模一樣。
11、My uniform is different from john,s uniform. 我的校服與約翰的校服不一樣。
▲be different from 是the same as 的反議詞,意為“與…不同”,相當(dāng)于not the same as.如:
① his school life is different from(=not the same as )our school life.
他的學(xué)校生活和我們的學(xué)校生活不一樣。
② He is quite different from(=not the same as )his brother in temper.
他和他的弟弟脾氣不同。
▲ 如果修飾行為動詞應(yīng)用副詞differently from.如:
① people in south china eat differently from people in North China.
華南的人吃的東西與華北的人不一樣。
▲ different 修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如:
①He has different qualities from his brother,s=He doesn,t have the same qualities as his brother.他與他弟弟品質(zhì)不同。
12、uniform,clothes和clothing
▲uniform用于指不同職業(yè)的人穿的上衣褲子甚至鞋子成套的“制服”。如:
①here comes a policeman in uniform.過來了一位穿著制服的警察。
a school uniform 校服、a police uniform警服、
▲clothes 指衣服的總稱,它總是用復(fù)數(shù)形式,作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能與具體數(shù)字連用,但可以與many,few,a few,a lot of 連用;表示一件衣服時用a piece of clothes.如:
①He cares more for new clothes than anything else.他喜歡新衣服勝過任何東西。
▲clothing 也是作“服裝”解釋,但它還包括鞋帽襪子等,作不可數(shù)名詞,作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,表示一件衣服時用an article of clothing.如:①He pays too much attention to his clothing.他穿衣太講究。②she bought two articles of clothing yesterday.她昨天買了兩件衣服。
綜合技能和發(fā)音
1. Sandy is helping him collect information on the Internet.
桑蒂正在幫他在網(wǎng)上收集信息
▲ 句中的collect指有目的地,精心地去“收集”“采集”.如:
① We are collecting money for Hope Project.
我們正在為希望工程籌款.
② His brother is interested in collecting stamps.
他弟弟對集郵感興趣.
▲ collect的名詞不達意為collection,意為“收藏品”.如:
① I need one more stamp before I complete my collection.
我還需要一張郵票才能把這套郵票收集完整.
② He has a large collection of old coins.
他收藏了大量的古硬幣.
2. Chinese students have fewer weeks off in the summertime than British students.
中國學(xué)生夏天休假的時間比英國學(xué)生少幾個星期.
▲ have…off 意為“放假”.如:
① He had two weeks off because of his mother,s illness.
因為母親有病他請了兩周假。
② Why did you have the morning off ?
你上午為什么請假?
[注]其中have 可用take 替換。如:
①She took a week off last month.
上個月她請了一星期的假。
▲ 如果準某人請假用give sb…off表達。如:
① his boss gave her three days off so that she could look after her sick daughter.
老板準她三天假照顧生病的女兒。
3.British students spend less time doing their homework than Chinese students.
英國學(xué)生做家庭作業(yè)花的時間比中國學(xué)生少。
▲人作主語時,表示“花時間做某事”用spend time (in) doing sth. 或It takes sb. Time to do sth.這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
① He spent two hours doing his homework. 他花兩小時做作業(yè)。=It took him two hours to do his homework.做作業(yè)花去他兩小時。
[注]spend 后也可接錢作賓語,而take一般不用錢作賓語。如:
②I spent 15 dollars buying the book/on the book.我花十五美元買了這本書。=I paid 15 dollars for the book.= The book cost me 15 dollars. 這本書花去我十五美元。
4.What if it rains or snows? 如果下雨或下雪怎么辦?
▲此句為省略句,What 是主句,if it rains or snows 是條件狀語從句,完整的句子應(yīng)為:What will you do if it rains or snow?省略部分要根據(jù)上下文來理解。如:
① What if we won,take your advice?
=What will happen if we won,t take your advice?
如果我們沒聽你的勸告會發(fā)生什么?
② What if he can,t come?
=What should we do if he can,t come?
如果他來不了我們該怎么辦?
5.It doesn,t snow very often here, and I don,t mind the rain.
這不經(jīng)常下雪,并且我不在乎下雨。
▲句中的mind 作及物動詞,意為“介意”“在乎”,后接名詞、動名詞或if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。如:
① Do you mind going to the meeting instead of me?
你愿意代我去開會嗎?
② Do you mind if I borrow your car?
我可以借用一下你的汽車嗎?
[注]表示“同意/不反對”用No , not at all/of course not /No, go ahead; 表示“不同意/反對”用I am afraid…..。如:
①“Do you mind lending your bike to me ?”
“No , not at all. /I am afraid I,II use it myself.”
“把你的自行車借給我好嗎?”“好的。/恐怕我自己要用?!?
6.It is important that we make our voice rise and fall correctly when we speak English .
講英語時用正確的升降調(diào)很重要。
▲ It is important that 這是一個以it 作形式主語,主語從句后置的句式。為了句子的平衡,習(xí)慣上用it 作形式語,真正的主語從句放在表語之后。It 和that 在流語中都沒有意義。如:
①It,s important that we should study English.我們學(xué)英語很重要。
②It,s true that we have more free time than you. 確實,我們的空閑時間比你們的多。
7.句子的升降調(diào)
▲升調(diào):一般疑問句:
表示驚奇的省略句;
選擇問句第一個選擇部分;
并列結(jié)構(gòu)中除最后一部分以外的所有并列部分;
▲ 降調(diào):陳述句;
特殊疑問句;
選擇問句最后一個部分;
并列結(jié)構(gòu)的最后一個部分
如:I am 13 years old . (↘)
Are you a student? (↗)
Are you a doctor (↗ )or a teacher ? (↘)
What,s your father? (↘)
We study math (↗), English( ↗)and Chinese. (↘)
﹛①Mr Li is going to be on TV tonight. (↘)
﹛②Mr Li (↗)
{ ①I,m going to sell my house. (↘)
﹛② Sell What? (↗)
8.She won,t be able to play basketball for three months.
她將三個月不能打籃球。
▲Be able to do sth . 意為“能做某事”,指事實上能做成某事,相當(dāng)于manage to do sth. 如:
① The fire spread quickly through the building but the people were able to run out of it .
火在大樓里蔓延得很快,但人們還是都逃了出來。
② He fell into the river but he was able to swim to the bank.
他掉到河里了,但他設(shè)法游到了岸邊。
[注]can 一般指人“現(xiàn)有的做事的能力”,表示最終的結(jié)果。如:
① I can drive a car. 我會開汽車。
②Man can make tools. 人會制造工具。