2019-2020年高中英語 第二冊 語法總結 主謂一致（上）.doc

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2019-2020年高中英語 第二冊 語法總結 主謂一致（上） 知識要點： 在英語的句子中，謂語動詞的形式應與主語的人稱和數保持一致。如何判定，則要看句子的意思。多數情況下，根據句子的主語形式就能判定，但有的則要看整句的意思，及強調的內容。下面我們就常用的、易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。 1、以單數名詞或代詞、不定式、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數形式。如： 1）The book is on the table. 2）He is reading English. 3）To work hard is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.） 4）How you get there is a problem. 2、復數主語跟復數動詞。如：Children like to play toys. 3、在倒裝句中，動詞的數應和它后面的主語的數一致。如以here,there開頭，be 動詞與后面第一個名詞一致。如： 1）There is a dog near the door. 2）There were no schools in this area before liberation. 3）Here es the bus. 4）On the wall were two famous paintings. 5）Here is Mr Brown and his children. 4、and連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時，謂語動詞用復數。如果主語后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍與短語前的主語的形式保持一致。如： 1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends. 2）He and my father work in the same factory. 3）His sister, no less than you, is wrong. 4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident. 5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent. 6）Every picture except these two has been sold. 7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays. 8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert. 9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time. 5、并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數，and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如： 1）The writer and worker is ing to our school tomorrow. 這位工人作家明天要來我們學校。 2）Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黃油是他們每日的食品。 3）The writer and the worker are ing to our school tomorrow. 那位作家和那位工人明天將來我們學校。 6、and連接的并列單數名詞前如有each, every, no, many a修飾時，謂語動詞要用單數形式。如： 1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party. 所有的孩子都被邀請參加這次聚會。 2）No teacher and no student is absent today. 今天沒有老師和學生缺席。 3）Many a student is busy with their lessons. 許許多多的學生都忙著復習他們的功課。 7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如： 1）Each takes a cup of tea. 2）Either is correct. 3）Neither of them likes this picture. 8、由every, some, any, no構成的合成代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如： 1）Is everyone here? 2）Nothing is to be done. 沒有什么要干的事兒了。 9、關系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如： 1）Those who want to go please sign their names here. 2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out. 3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting. 10、表示時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復數名詞或短語作為一個整體看待時，其謂語動詞常用單數形式。如： 1）Three years is not a long time. 2）Ten dollars is what he needs. 3）Five hundred miles is a long distance. 11、復數形式的專有名詞作為整體看待（如人名、地點、國家、組織、書籍、報刊等），動詞用單數形式。如： 1）The United States is in North America. 2）The United Nations has passed a resolution（決議）。 3）“The Arabian Nights”（《天方夜譚》）is an interesting book.