高一英語：unit2 lesson1modern heroesgrammar課件北師大版

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1、(I)規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化規(guī)則（1）一般情況下，動詞詞尾加 -ed ，如：worked played wanted acted（2）以不發(fā)音的 -e 結(jié)尾動詞，動詞詞尾加 -d，如：lived moved decided hoped （3）以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動詞，把-y變?yōu)?i 再加-ed，如：studied tried copied just（4）以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加 -ed，如：stopped dropped planned dotted dripped基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)則動詞詞尾加規(guī)則動詞詞尾加-ed有三種讀音：有三種讀音： 1. 在清輔音后讀

2、作t。如：asked, helped, watched, stopped 2. 在濁輔音和元音后讀作d。如：enjoyed, studied, moved, called 3. 在t / d后讀作id。如：wanted, needed基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu)(II)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式 不規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng)，須多加記憶。1. 以t結(jié)尾的詞，過去式與原形相同。如：putput, letlet, cutcut, beatbeat2. 以d結(jié)尾的詞，把d變成t。如:buildbuilt, lendlent, sendsent, spendspent3. 以n結(jié)尾的詞，在詞后加t。如：meanmea

3、nt, burnburnt, learnlearnt基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu)4. 以ow / aw結(jié)尾的詞，把ow / aw變成ew。如：blowblew, drawdrew, knowknew, growgrew5. 含有雙寫字母的詞，將雙寫改為單寫，在詞尾加t。如：keepkept, sleepslept, feelfelt, smellsmelt6. 含有元音字母o / i的詞，將o / i變成a。如：singsang, givegave, sitsat, drinkdrank 基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu)(III)Be動詞的過去式（1）am-was（2）are-were （3）is-was基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu)

4、基本句式基本句式句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句 主語+實義動詞過去式+He smoked many cigarettes a day否定句 主語+didnt+原形實義動詞+I didnt know you were so busy.一 般疑問句Did+主語+原形實義動詞+?Did you have a party the other day？特 殊疑問句疑問詞+did+主語+原形實義動詞+?When did you have your lunch? 基本句式基本句式句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句 主語+was /were +I was late yesterday. 否定句 主語+wasnt/ werent +We

5、werent late yesterday.一 般疑問句Was/Were+主語+?Were you ill yesterday? 特 殊疑問句疑問詞+was/were+主語+?When were you born?1.表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)所發(fā)生表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動作或情況，通常一般過去式帶有表示的動作或情況，通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞，詞組或從句動作時間狀語的詞，詞組或從句,如如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war,

6、 before, a few days ago, 等。上上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。 I worked in that factory last year. 去年我去年我在那一家工廠工作。在那一家工廠工作。 I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我們?nèi)チ颂忑埳?。昨天我們?nèi)チ颂忑埳??；居梅ɑ居梅?.表示過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)的動作，常與always，never等連用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。 （只是說明她過去的動作，不表明她現(xiàn)

7、在是否常帶著傘。）比較 Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是帶著傘。 （說明這是她的習(xí)慣，表明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘）基本用法基本用法3 表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一連串動作。這種情況下，往往沒有表示過去的時間狀語，而通過上下文來表示。 The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died. 那男孩把眼睛張開了一會兒，看看船長，然后就去世了。基本用法基本用法4.有些句子，雖然沒有表示過去確定時間的狀語，但實際內(nèi)涵意思表明是過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。（

8、這一點，我們中國學(xué)生往往出錯，要特別注意?。?I didnt know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。 I thought you were ill. 我以為你病了呢。 基本用法基本用法5. 在某些特殊句式或結(jié)構(gòu)中，用一般過去時，并不都是表示“過去時”，它表示某種感情色彩。It is time you went to bed. (你早該睡覺了)I would rather you came tomorrow. (我寧愿你明天來。)Could you lend me your bike? (你能把自行車借我用一下嗎？) 基本用法基本用法過去進(jìn)行時是由“be動詞的過去式w

9、as/were現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本句式基本句式句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句 主語+was/ were +現(xiàn)在分詞I was helping my mother in the kitchen all day否定句 主語+wasnt/ werent +現(xiàn)在分詞I wasnt repairing the bike at that time.一 般疑問句Was/Were+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞?Were you talking to the head teacher ？特 殊疑問句疑問詞+ was/ were +主語+現(xiàn)分詞?Who were you writing to ? 1.過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一

10、時間正在進(jìn)過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作，常和表過去的時間狀語連行的動作，常和表過去的時間狀語連用，如：用，如： I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的這個時候我正在做作業(yè)。昨天的這個時候我正在做作業(yè)。 They were expecting you yesterday.他們昨天一直在等待。他們昨天一直在等待?；居梅ɑ居梅?. 過去進(jìn)行時可與過去進(jìn)行時可與soon, the next moment, in minutes, minutes later等時間狀語連用，表示一個新的動作等時間狀語連用，表示一個新的動作剛剛開

11、始。如：剛剛開始。如： Soon the whole town was talking about it.不久鎮(zhèn)上的人就都談?wù)撈疬@種事了。不久鎮(zhèn)上的人就都談?wù)撈疬@種事了?；居梅ɑ居梅?過去進(jìn)行時可用來為一個后一系列動作的發(fā)生提供背景。如： I hurt my leg when I was riding a bike.我在騎車時把腿摔壞了。基本用法基本用法1.過去一般時表示的是過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。而過去進(jìn)行時表示的是過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。因此，它們在使用的時間詞語上有著比較明顯的區(qū)別。那就是，一般過去時所指的過去時間卻比較籠統(tǒng)，而過去進(jìn)行時所指的過去時間則比較具體，并含有“當(dāng)時正

12、在做某事”的意思。She joined the League three years ago.Mary was cooking at this time yesterday.比較比較2.過去一般時表示的某個動作已經(jīng)完成，而過去進(jìn)行時則不一定完成。一般過去式常表示在過去某時發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的發(fā)生、結(jié)束或完成。過去進(jìn)行時表示某一時刻或過去某一段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的持續(xù)性。 I first met Lisa three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time.比較比較3、過去進(jìn)行時可用來描繪事情發(fā)

13、生的背景。即：過去某時A動作正在進(jìn)行，B動作在A動作進(jìn)行的過程中發(fā)生了，A動作就是B動作發(fā)生的背景。如：It was a dark night.The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily.A stranger came out from behind a street.比較比較下面幾種情況不用一般過去時而要用過去進(jìn)行時：1.表示過去某一階段暫時性的習(xí)慣動作時。如：Tom was getting up at six oclock every day that week.湯姆那一周里每天都是六點鐘起床。比較比較2.與alwa

14、ys連用表示贊美，厭煩等感情色彩時。如：John was always coming to school late.約翰上學(xué)總是遲到。Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people.雷鋒總是為人民做好事。比較比較3.用來描寫故事發(fā)生的情景時。如：It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross th

15、e river.那是一個漆黑的夜晚，風(fēng)刮得很厲害，雨下得很大，一個解放軍戰(zhàn)士突然出現(xiàn)在河岸上，他想過河去。比較比較4. when作并列連詞，表示“（這時）突然”之意時，第一個并列分句用過去進(jìn)行時，when引導(dǎo)的并列分句用一般過去時。如：I was taking a walk when I met him.我正在散步，突然遇見了他。We were playing outside when it began to rain.我們正在外邊玩，這時下起雨來了。比較比較5.go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞可用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去將來的含義。如：I was leaving

16、for Wuhan that day.那天我正要去武漢。She was coming later.她隨后就來。比較比較1. (07北京）It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.Oh, dont mention it. I _ past your house anyway.A.was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come2. (06安徽) I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident Awe

17、nt; was occurring Bwent; occurredCwas going; occurred Dwas going; had occurred練習(xí)練習(xí)3. (06北京) Where did you put the car keys? Oh, I _ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I _ in.A. remembered; come B. remembered; was comingC. remember; come D. remember; was coming4.(07四川) Did you see a ma

18、n in black pass by just now? No, sir. I _ a newspaper. A. read B. was reading C. would read D. am reading練習(xí)練習(xí)5. (08安徽) -Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in the match.A.is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played6. (08四川) The telephone _, but b

19、y the time I got indoors, it stopped.A.had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung練習(xí)練習(xí)5. (08安徽) -Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in the match.A.is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played6. (08四川) The telephone _, but by the time I got indoo

20、rs, it stopped.A.had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung練習(xí)練習(xí)7. It is said that the early European playing-cards _ for entertainment and education.A. were being designed B. have designedC. have been designed D. were designed8. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I _ there several years ago.A.are going B. had been C. went D. have been練習(xí)練習(xí)