中考英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解題材Topic 8 天氣與自然

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1、 Topic Eight Weather and Nature 天氣與自然 話說(shuō)中考 隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，社會(huì)和諧已提上日程，天氣與自然環(huán)境很快就成為人們關(guān)注的話題之一。此類話題多是說(shuō)明文和議論文。這就要求我們了解說(shuō)明文和議論文的特點(diǎn)，這樣才能對(duì)問題進(jìn)一步地分析和解讀，才能自覺地完成命題要求，取得高分。 解題思路：把握該類話題的特征，對(duì)所給信息進(jìn)行歸納整合 走進(jìn)中考(湖北襄樊·2010) Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆)．They can happen any time of a day，at

2、 any point during the year．When an earthquake is happening，you should know what you should do or not do． Do NOT go outside．You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings．If you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines(輸電線)． Stay under a desk，table，or other stron

3、g furniture．Hold on to it．Or stay in a corner of the building．Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing．Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside． Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and any

4、thing else that could fall and hurt you．Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself． Also keep away from a fire．You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire． If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if it's safe．Stay insid

5、e your car until the earthquake stops，and don't drive near bridges．Try not to stop by power lines or trees．These could fall and hurt you． 閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1．It isn't safe for you to _______ while the earthquake is happening． A．run out of the building B．stay in a corner of

6、the building C．cover your head with your arms D．cover your mouth with a towel ( ) 2．From this passage，we know _______． A．many people fear earthquakes B．earthquakes maybe happen at any time C．we can't save ourselves in an earthquake D．people never get injured in ea

7、rthquakes ( ) 3．The best title for this passage should be "_______"． A．How Earthquakes Happen B．How to Drive a Car C．What We Should Do in Earthquakes D．Why Earthquakes Happen 解析 1．A BCD 三項(xiàng)在第三段可找到答案；根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知 A 項(xiàng)的做法是不安全的，故正確答案為 A。 2．B 根據(jù)第一段前兩句可知，地震可能隨時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生，故

8、B 項(xiàng)為正確答案。 3．C 通過全文可知本文主要是在介紹發(fā)生地震時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該采取哪些措施才能使自己避免受傷，故正確答案為 C。 話題專練 一 Earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earth．When some plates of the earth move suddenly，an earthquake happens．Many earthquakes begin under the sea．They often happen near the mountains，too． During an earthqu

9、ake，the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack(斷裂) open．Houses fall，people are killed or hurt，and sometimes the whole villages or cities are destroyed． Can we do something to keep ourselves safe from earthquakes? Scientists have studied earthquakes and made maps that show the "earthqu

10、ake belts"．In areas in these belts，it's possible for earthquakes to happen．In these areas we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes． In the future，scientists will be able to tell when and where an earthquake will be before they happen．They can also tell people what to do and ho

11、w to do it． 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1．The reason for an earthquake is _______． A．that there are so many plates on the earth B．that the sea is too deep C．rocks' cracking open ( ) 2．A lot of earthquakes often happens _______． A．in the area B．next to mountains

12、C．a(chǎn)t night ( ) 3．A map showing the earthquake belts will tell people _______． A．what kind of houses to build B．what kind of houses can stay up in an earthquake C．where earthquake may happen ( ) 4．Which is Not True according to the passage? A．During an earthquake peopl

13、e are killed or hurt． B．The scientists can tell when and where an earthquake is now． C．we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes． ( ) 5．In the future，we'll be no longer so afraid of earthquakes _______． A．with the help of scientists' exact prediction B．beca

14、use of a map showing the "earthquake belts" C．because we can guess the date and place of earthquakes 答案： 1．A 根據(jù)文章第一段中“When some plates of the earth move suddenly，an earthquake happens．"可知，地球是由許多板塊構(gòu)成的，板塊的移動(dòng)產(chǎn)生了地震，所以根源在板塊。 2．B 根據(jù)短文第一段內(nèi)容可知，地震常發(fā)生在山脈附近。 3．C 根據(jù)短文第三段內(nèi)容可知，地圖將告訴我們地震帶常發(fā)生地震。 4．B 根據(jù)短文最

15、后一段內(nèi)容可知，專家預(yù)測(cè)將來(lái)能判定地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，而不是現(xiàn)在。 5．A 根據(jù)短文最后一段內(nèi)容可以推測(cè)出專家能預(yù)測(cè)地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，所以我們不必?fù)?dān)心將來(lái)發(fā)生地震。 二 Have you ever seen a greenhouse? Most greenhouses look like a small glass house． Greenhouses are used to grow plants，especially in winter．Greenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun，the glass pane

16、ls(板) of the greenhouse let light in，but keep heat from escaping．This causes the greenhouse to heat up，much like the inside of the parked in sunlight，and keeps the plants warm enough to live in winter． The earth's atmosphere(大氣) is all around us．It is the air that we breathe．Greenhouse gases in

17、 the atmosphere behave much like the glass panels in a greenhouse．Sunlight enters the Earth's atmosphere，passing through the blanket of greenhouse gases．As it reaches the Earth's surface，land，water，and biosphere(生物圈)，they take up the sunlight's energy．Once the heat is taken up，this energy is sent ba

18、ck into the atmosphere．Some of the energy passes back into space，but much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases，causing our world to heat up． The greenhouse effect is important．Without the greenhouse effect，the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to live．But if t

19、he greenhouse effect becomes stronger，it could make the earth warmer than usual．Even a little extra warming may bring problems to humans，plants，and animals． 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下列問題。 1．What are greenhouses used for? ________________________________________________________ 2．Why is the tempe

20、rature in the greenhouse higher than that outside? ________________________________________________________ 3．What behaves much like the glass panels in a greenhouse? ________________________________________________________ 4．If we didn't have the greenhouse effect，what would hap

21、pen? ________________________________________________________ 5．What does the article mainly tell us? ________________________________________________________ 答案： 1．They are used for growing plants．答案來(lái)自第二段的第一句。 2．根據(jù)短文第二段中溫室效應(yīng)的工作原理可知，答案是 Because the glass panels of the greenhouse can le

22、t light in，and keep heat from escaping． 3．根據(jù)短文第三段的“much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases”可知，溫室塑料板的作用像空中大氣層的作用，即答案是 Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere． 4．根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，如果沒有大氣層的溫室效應(yīng)，人類就不能生存，即答案為 Humans couldn't live because the earth would not be warm enough． 5．根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，

23、主要是溫室效應(yīng)及對(duì)人類的影響，所以答案為 It mainly tells us what the greenhouse effect is and its influence． 三 No one can change the weather．But if read the signs correctly around us，we can know how the weather will be．This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather

24、 forecasting．For many centuries and in all countries，people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting．Rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain．Many people feel in their bones the coming of wet weather．Their joints(關(guān)節(jié)) ache．Some birds fly high if the fine weather is coming，

25、but they fly near ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way．It is probably because of the insects which they are hunting fly low．If you see a rainbow during rainy weather，this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine．Such rainbows come in the evening．If the stars twinkle clearly a

26、t night，then fine weather will continue．If a fog appears in the evening just above a river，then the day will be warm．If the sunset is mostly red in color，then the morning，rainy weather will probably come．Most of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to ma

27、ke weather forecasting． 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1．People's joints ache _______． A．is a sign of coming rain B．because they are ill C．without any reason D．because of the insects ( ) 2．Which is true about weather forecasting? A．Weather forecasting is a report about

28、the weather on the following day or two． B．Weather forecasting is a way of telling what the weather will be like． C．People can change the weather forecasting． D．Weather forecasting is a sign of coming rain． ( ) 3．The birds fly high and the stars twinkle clearly is a sign that th

29、e weather will _______． A．be rainy B．be warm C．continue clear and fine D．be cold ( ) 4．A rainbow during rainy weather is a _______ of the fine weather． A．sign B．way C．method D．road ( ) 5．We must _______ to make weather forecasting． A．use our eyes an

30、d brains B．study the weather hard C．read the weather hard D．a(chǎn)ll of the above 答案： 1．A 根據(jù)短文 Many people feel in their bones the coming of wet weather．可知，人們的一些關(guān)節(jié)疼痛是雨天來(lái)臨的標(biāo)志。 2．B 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容可知，天氣預(yù)報(bào)是對(duì)未來(lái)幾天的預(yù)測(cè)；不是對(duì)天氣的報(bào)道，也不是雨天的標(biāo)志，即排除 A、D；根據(jù)短文第一句可知“人們更不能改變天氣”排除 C，所以答案是 B。 3．C 根據(jù)短文中 Some birds fly

31、high if the fine weather is coming，和 If the stars twinkle clearly at night，then fine weather will continue．可知，鳥兒飛的高和夜晚星光燦爛是天氣晴朗、溫度適宜的象征。 4．A 根據(jù)短文中 If you see a rainbow during rainy weather，this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine．可知，雨后彩虹是天氣晴朗的標(biāo)志。 5．D 從整篇文章來(lái)看，對(duì)天氣的了解不僅靠人們的眼睛和大腦，還

32、要繼續(xù)多觀察和研究，所以選 D。 四 "Green" is more than just a color．It also means taking special steps to protect the environment — the water，the land，and the air we breathe．What can you do? Here's one of the guides to being green： Sometimes people call our society a "throwaway society"．That means that

33、we're a little willing to throw away old things and buy new things．Many times，even if you no longer need something，someone else just might．For example，if your baby brother doesn't want his plastic basketball hoop(籃筐)，why not give it to another family who has a little kid? Here are some other wa

34、ys to reuse the things you have： Use rechargeable(可再充電的) batteries for your laptops，MP3 players，cell phones，and digital cameras． Choose reusable travel cups instead of disposable(一次性的) paper or plastic cups． Take your own bags when you go to the grocery store． Drink tap water ins

35、tead of buying bottled water．If you don't like how your tap water tastes，a low-cost filtration(過濾) system could make a difference．Get a reusable water bottle so you can take it with you． Organize an exchange among your friends．What can you exchange? Books，toys，even clothes．It's a way for everyo

36、ne to get something new without spending any money and without throwing lots of things away． 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成句子。 1．Green is not only a color but also means _______． 2．If your brother doesn't want his plastic basketball hoop，you can _______． 3．You should _______ instead of disposable pap

37、er or plastic cups． 4．You can exchange _______ with your friends． 5．The article mainly tells us _______． 答案： 1．根據(jù)短文第一段內(nèi)容可知，綠色不僅是一種顏色，還是環(huán)保的一種標(biāo)志，即答案為 taking special steps to protect the environment。 2．根據(jù)短文中“if your baby brother doesn't want his plastic basketball hoop(籃筐)，why not give it to a

38、nother family who has a little kid?”可知，不用的塑料筐可以送給別的小孩子，即答案為 give if to another family who has a little kid。 3．根據(jù)短文中第二條建議可知，我們可以用個(gè)人專用杯來(lái)代替一次性杯子或塑料杯，即答案是 choose reusable travel cups。 4．根據(jù)短文最后一段內(nèi)容可知，可交換的東西有 books，toys，and clothes。 5．通讀全文可知，這篇文章主要告訴我們，生活中如何環(huán)保，所以答案是 how to protect our environment in ou

39、r lives。 五 There are some easy things you can do to protect the environment and the earth．Choose ideas from the list or come up with a few of your own． ★ Plant flowers，grass or trees． ★ Whenever you visit a park or a beach，take away what you bring there and keep rubbish in a bag unti

40、l you can put it into a dustbin． ★ Turn off the lights，TV sets when you leave a room．This saves a lot of electricity． ★ Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth．You can save some water by not letting it run．Also，use a glass or cup instead of a paper one because this saves paper． ★ K

41、eep the doors and windows closed in winter to keep warm air in． ★ Give your old books and magazines to a library instead of throwing them away． ★ Give your clothes to poor children instead of throwing them away． ★ Use both sides of paper． ★ Stop pouring dirty water into the river

42、s or lakes nearby． ★ Encourage all your friends to do the same things you do to help protect the earth． If everyone makes contribution to protect the environment，the world will become much more beautiful． 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1．From the above，we know that the passage is _______．

43、 A．a(chǎn)n ad B．a(chǎn) proposal(建議) C．a(chǎn) sign D．a(chǎn) notice ( ) 2．The writer mainly tells us _______． A．to pour dirty water into the rivers B．to throw rubbish into a dustbin C．to save water by turning on the tap while brushing our teeth D．that we can't do all these thin

44、gs every day ( ) 3．We can _______ to save paper． A．use both sides of paper B．pick up waste paper at school C．use a paper cup D．give old toys to poor children ( ) 4．Which of the following is WRONG according to the writer? A．Turn off the lights when you leave a roo

45、m． B．Close the doors and windows in winter． C．Use a paper cup when you brush your teeth． D．Give your old clothes to the poor children． ( ) 5．The title of this passage is ________． A．Save Water and Electricity B．Protect the Earth C．Make Better Use of Old Things D．

46、Save Money 答案： 1．B 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容可知這是一則倡議書。 2．B 由“...you can put it into a dustbin．”可知答案。 3．A 由第八條建議可知答案是 use both sides of paper。 4．C 由第四條建議 use a glass or cup instead of a paper one 可知，答案是 C。 5．B 根據(jù)短文大意可知是談?wù)摫Ｗo(hù)地球。 六 How many plastic bags do you use every day? Is there any chance for us to

47、live without them? What can we do to have less plastic pollution? A performance in Hangzhou makes people think more about the overuse of plastic bags in our lives． In front of a supermarket in Hangzhou，five volunteers wore white plastic bags and walked around and through the crowd．The performan

48、ce called on people to use more cloth bags instead of plastic ones． Some of the plastic bags worn by the performers were collected from customers(顧客) in two food markets and the others were collected by 700 students from a secondary school． On that day，when leaving the food markets，custome

49、rs were told to hand over unnecessary plastic shopping bags．Several hundred plastic bags were collected in two hours． "If we do nothing about it，the earth will be eaten up by white pollution．And humans will become 'plastic men'，" said one of the performers． "How can you breathe in so many

50、plastic bags?" A middle-aged woman asked one performer．"How can the earth breathe if there are too many plastic bags?" the performer answered． Starting from June last year，plastic bags were no longer given for free in supermarkets，shopping malls or food markets all over the country． People

51、 are called on to use cloth bags when they go shopping． 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1．Since June last year people should _______ plastic bags all over the country． A．pay for B．get C．use as many as D．stop using ( ) 2．A performance took place in _______． A．a(chǎn) supermarke

52、t B．a(chǎn) plastic bag shop C．Hangzhou D．a(chǎn) school ( ) 3．— Why did the performers wear white plastic bags and walk around? — They wanted ________． A．to ask people to overuse plastics B．to invite people to go to the supermarket C．to give people more bags D．to p

53、ersuade people not to use plastic bags ( ) 4．If we don't do something against the pollution，humans _______． A．will be polluted B．will become "plastic men" C．won't be comfortable D．will be plastic ones ( ) 5．The main idea of this passage is about _______ pollution． A．

54、white B．a(chǎn)ir C．water D．light 答案： 1．A 文章中講到自 2008 年 6 月 1 日起，為減少白色污染的泛濫而有償使用塑料袋，而不是禁止使用。 2．C 根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“A performance in Hangzhou makes people think more about the overuse of plastic bags in our lives．”可知，這個(gè)演出活動(dòng)在杭州舉行。 3．D 根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句可知他們的目的是號(hào)召人們用布袋代替塑料袋。 4．B 根據(jù)笫五段主要介紹如果我們?nèi)祟愒俨蛔鲂┦虑橹浦拱?/p>

55、色污染，那么地球有一天會(huì)被白色污染所吞噬，那么地球人也會(huì)被污染成 plastic men。 5．A 由短文內(nèi)容可知文章主旨是有關(guān)白色污染的。 七 "What would you do if you were the mayor(市長(zhǎng)) of your city?" We asked some students from different cities．Here are what they said： Deng Chuan，15，from Dazhou With the development of modern industry(工業(yè))，more and

56、more waste water is being poured into the Zhouhe River．It has caused serious pollution．The river is becoming so dirty that few living things can live in it．So，if I were the mayor，I would order all the factories that pour the waste water into the river to close down．As we all know，water is the source

57、(根源) of our lives．It is very important to protect water． Zhang Yan，14，from Chengdu Our city is more and more beautiful．But sometimes it's not convenient for the blind．There are not enough pavements(人行道) in our city．Some of the old ones are broken．They may not be safe to walk on! If I were

58、the mayor of our city，I would build more pavements for the blind． Wang Lili，16，from Chongqing There are more and more old people in our city．And there are not enough places for them to relax and enjoy themselves．So，if I were the mayor，I would build an activity center in each residential(住宅

59、) area for the old．So old people can play cards or chess．This will make old people not feel lonely any more and spend remaining years comfortably． 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1．What does Deng Chuan care for? A．water pollution． B．Air pollution． C．Pavements for the blind． D．Activ

60、ity centers for the old． ( ) 2．Who's the youngest of the three students? A．Deng Chuan． B．Zhang Yan． C．Wang Lili． D．I don't know． ( ) 3．What does the underlined word "convenient" mean in Chinese? A．方便的 B．簡(jiǎn)單的 C．便宜的 D．具有吸引力的 ( ) 4．Where is Wang Lili fr

61、om? A．Dazhou． B．Chengdu． C．Chongqing． D．Zhouhe． ( ) 5．Which of the following is FALSE? A．It's very important for Dazhou to protect water． B．There are enough pavements for the blind in Chengdu． C．There aren't enough places for the old people to relax and enjoy themselv

62、es in Chongqing． D．Some of the old pavements in Chengdu are broken． 答案： 1．A 根據(jù)短文中第一個(gè)學(xué)生的答語(yǔ)可知，more and more waste water is being poured into the Zhouhe River．It has caused serious pollution．確定答案是 A。 2．B 根據(jù)三個(gè)同學(xué)的簡(jiǎn)介可知，Zhang Yan 年齡最小。 3．A 根據(jù)上下句的關(guān)系可知，是對(duì)盲人不方便。 4．C 根據(jù)最后那名學(xué)生的介紹可知，她來(lái)自重慶。 5．B 從 Zhan

63、g Yan 的介紹中的第三句 There are not enough pavements(人行道) in our city．可知，B 項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。 八 Different weather makes people feel different．It influences health，intelligence(智力) and feelings．In August，it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States．People there have heart trouble and other kin

64、ds of health problems during this month．In the northeast and the middle west，it is very hot sometimes and very cold sometimes．People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March． The weather can also influence intelligence．For example，in a 1983 study by

65、 scientists showed that the IQ of a group of students was very high when a very strong wind came，but after the strong wind，their IQ was 10% lower．The wind can help people have more intelligence．Very hot weather，on the other hand，can make it lower．Students in many schools of the United States often d

66、o worse on exams in the hot months of the year(July and August)． Weather also has a strong influence on people's feelings．Winter may be a bad time for thin people．They usually feel cold these months．They might feel unhappy during cold weather．But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer．At about 18℃，people become stronger． Low air pressure(氣壓) may make people forgetful．People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days．There is "good weather" for work and health．Peo