英語句子成分(經典).ppt

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1、英語句子成分,. This kind of skirt is very _ (fashion). 2. His suggestions are _ (reason). 3. It is _(obviously ) that he won the match. 4. That s really a _ (science ) method(方法) 5. there are too many _ (art ) scenes in the park . 6. We should do something to stop the _ (globe) warming.,fashionable,reason

2、able,obvious,scientific,artificial,global,1.With the _ (develop) of the science, we improve our living conditions greatly. 2. European _ (settle) began in 1840 when the British arrived. 3. Have you made an _ (arrange) about your trip? 4. Could you give me some _ (suggest) on our plan? 5. A cinema is

3、 a public place of _ (entertain ).,development,settlement,arrangement,suggestions,entertainment,After sunset, the sky darkened _ ( rapid ) _ ( fortunate ), they escaped from the big fire. _ ( general ) speaking, people in South China live on rice. His daughter is _ ( serious ) ill, so he has to ask

4、for leave. The car which was out of control _ (violent ) hit the big tree. The typhoon is _ (extreme ) strong.,rapidly,Fortunately,Generally,seriously,violently,extremely,句子成分,定義 ：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主語和謂語 次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語,1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday

5、., 主語, 謂 語, 定語, 賓 語, 同位語, 狀 語, 地點, 時間,句子成分,定義 ：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主語和謂語 次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語,Elements of a sentence: S - subject V - verb P - predicative O - object Attri.-attribute Adv.- adverb Oc - object complement,主,謂,表,賓補,定,狀,賓,主語（subject） 是一個句子所敘述的主體，說明動作是“誰，什么”發(fā)出的，一般位于句首

6、。,Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.,（名詞） （代詞） （數(shù)詞） （不定式） （動名詞） （名詞化的形容詞） （句子）,找出句中主語,The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time

7、 in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing. What he needs is a book. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名詞）,（代詞）,（數(shù)詞）,（動名詞）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名詞化的形容詞）,（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）,謂語（verb） 是對主語加以陳述，說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征，一般

8、由V.充當,放在主語之后（英語句子的靈魂）,(1)由單一動詞V.做謂語 We are Chinese. I saw the flag on the top of the hill? (2)情態(tài)V + V原 He can speak English well. (3)助V +V She is talking with her sister. I have seen this man before.,Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent th

9、e injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? I succeeded in passing the exam.,（名詞 ）,( 代詞）,(數(shù)詞),(名詞化的形容詞),(三)賓語（object）,（不定式）,（動名詞）,（句子）,動作的對象或承受者，一般位于vt.和prep.之后,賓語分為直接賓語(direct object) 和間接賓語(indirect object). 直接賓語指物,間接賓語指人. He gave

10、 me some books., 間接 賓語 （承受者）, 直接 賓語 （對象）,Please pass me the book. He bought his girlfriend some flowers.,I found the book interesting. I make my students intertested in my class. She asked me to lend her a hand. We made him monitor in our class. We found him in trouble now. We found it necessary to

11、study English.,（六）賓語補足語 有些及物動詞除了有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補足語，說明賓語的身份和狀態(tài)以補充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動詞有 ： make, ask, see, find, call, get, have, let, tell, help, keep,（It形式賓語，to do是真正賓語）,（四）表語(predicative),在系動詞后的部分就是表語,用以說明主語的身份，特征和狀態(tài)。 The speech is exciting. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Im ti

12、red today. That remains a puzzle. I dont feel at ease. That s why he came here.,（四）表語(predicative),在系動詞后的部分就是表語,用以說明主語的身份，特征和狀態(tài)。 The speech is exciting. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Im tired today. That remains a puzzle. I dont feel at ease. That s why he came here.,(形容詞),(現(xiàn)在分詞),（不

13、定式）,(過去分詞),(名詞),(介短),(從句),（五）定語（adjective） 修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句 單個的定語一般放在所修飾詞前 前置定語 短語，句子一般放在所修飾詞前 后置定語,He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you know Bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken languag

14、e is good.,(形容詞),(名詞),(數(shù)詞),(名詞的所有格),(動名詞),(現(xiàn)在分詞),(過去分詞),定語后置： 如果定語是由一個單詞表示時，通常要前置。而由一個詞組或一個句子表示時，通常則后置 The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now?,用以修飾adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置靈活。 修飾adj./adv.時，通常位于被修

15、飾的詞之前； 表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強調時放在句首，一些表示不確定時間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。 說明動作于“何時,何地,如何”發(fā)生, 或者說明“adj./adv.”的程度。 狀語分為：地點、時間、原因、目的、結果、讓步、條件、程度、方式和伴隨等狀語。,（六）狀語（adverbial）,This book is very interesting. I run fast/quickly. They are playing on the playground at eight. I John oft

16、en came to chat with me His parents died, leaving him an orphan.,(副詞),(介短),（不定式）,（V-ing短語）,(副詞),Please call me if it is necessary. Suddenly, I heard the bird sing a song. You probably know more than you think.,（從句）,（副詞）,（副詞）,(七) 挑出下列句中的狀語 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the n

17、oise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off., She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle

18、 Wang to see the other machine.,同位語 對n.或pron.進行補充說明或進一步解釋說明,We young people should respect the old. He himself will do the experiment. He told me the news that our team won the game.,名詞,代詞,從句,系動詞,1）狀態(tài)系動詞（be動詞） 例如： He is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)系動詞 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如： He always kept silen

19、t at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。 3）表像系動詞 seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起來很累。,4）感官系動詞 feel, smell, sound, taste, look 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 注意：系動詞(除be外)不用于被動語態(tài). 5）變化系動詞 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 6）終止系動詞 prove, turn out, 表達“證實”，“變成

20、”之意 例如： The rumor proved false.,句子成分,定義 ：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主語和謂語 次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語,Elements of a sentence: S - subject V - verb P - predicative O - object Attri.-attribute Adv.- adverbial Oc - object complement,主,謂,表,賓補,定,狀,賓,簡單句,簡單句（即只有一個主謂結構），它是最小的句子單位。按照句子的用途可以分為四種。 作一種陳

21、述（陳述句） The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy. 提出一個問題 (一般/特殊/選擇/反義疑問句) Does the shop close at 7 tonight? 發(fā)出一種命令或請求（祈使句） Shut/Open the door. 表示一種感嘆（感嘆句） What a slow train this is!,（句子用途）,句子類型,簡單句,并列句,復合句,Summary,復習簡單句： 對下列句子的成份進行劃分,Nobody went. She became a doctor. The car caught fire. I will wri

22、te you a long letter. I will let him go.,Practice, ,主 + 謂,主 + 謂 + 表,主 + 謂 + 賓,主 + 謂 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語,主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補,.簡單句,1. Things changed. 2. Trees are green. 3. We dont beat children. 4. He gave his sister the piano. 5. I found the book easy.,主 + 謂,主 + 謂 + 表,主 + 謂 + 賓,主 + 謂 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語, ,主 + 謂 + 賓

23、+ 賓補,Exercises:分析句子結構,1）You are a student. 2）He felt happy today. 3）What you said made me happy. 4）You could give me some advice on how to learn English well? 5）We found a man lying on the ground. 6） It is my duty to look after these children. 7） You had better keep the window open.,8）He likes pop m

24、usic. 9）The sound sounds strange. 10）The food tastes good. 11）He has been learning English for years. 12）We think it a pity that she didnt come here. 13）,1. He learns German. 2. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 3. We sang and danced yesterday evening. 4. My brother and I go to school at half p

25、ast seven in the morning and come back home at five in the afternoon.,（一個主語和一個謂語）,并列句,常用并列連詞 coordinating conjunctions,平行并列連詞: 轉折并列連詞： 因果并列連詞: 選擇并列連詞:,and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and then,but, however, while, yet,for, so,or, eitheror,.并列句,This is me and these are my friends. They mus

26、t stay in water, or they will die. Its not cheap, but it is very good. It was late, so I went to bed.,and,or,but,so,He knocked at the door; there was no answer. Youre alive! And shes dead.,復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,He told me,the news.,that the match had been cancelled.,賓語,that I passed the exam

27、.,what he needs.,when he was leaving for Paris.,that his father was working in that school.,賓語從句,復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,I dont know,him.,He has finished his work,that he has finished his work. whether he has finished his work.,賓語從句,He is leaving for Washington.,that he is leaving for Washingt

28、on. when he is leaving for Washington. why he is leaving for Washington. how he is leaving for Washington. whether he is leaving for Washington.,賓語從句,* I understand that he is well qualified. * He said that he didnt like her. I dont know if you can help me. They want to know where you are going . Th

29、e students has decided when they hold the meeting.,復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,the people,surprised,That,What he said What he did,主語,That he didnt know the answer,in the room.,定語,who were sitting in the room. who were present. whose sons were at war. who had signed the contract.,1) 主語從句,* What he

30、said is not known. * That we shall be late is certain. * It is certain that we shall be late. * How strange it is that the children are so quiet!,2) 定語從句,A plane is a machine that can fly.,He said he knew the boy who was sitting by the window.,The picture which is on the wall is drawn by my father.,

31、復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,That,is,the fact.,表 語,what he needs. what he gave me. why he was late. because he was ill. what has happened.,2）表語從句,* That is what he wants to buy. * The problem is who can replace her. * The reason is that he has lied to me several times.,復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句

32、,He worked,in that factory,three years ago.,地點狀語,時間狀語,where his father worked,in that factory,where I lived,when he lived there,His father worked there.,I lived there.,He lived there three years ago.,復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,Put the book,on the desk.,where you took it.,where it was.,地點狀語,where

33、you found it.,You cant camp,here.,where there are a lot of trees.,wherever you like.,指出下列各從句的類型,I believe that everything is going on well. She was reading a novel when I came in. She is the girl who sings best in my class.,賓語從句,狀語從句,定語從句,Practice,用所給連詞連接句子。,He has found out. She was late. (why),He

34、has found out why she was late.,I still remember the day. I first went to York on that day. (when),I still remember the day when I first went to York.,將各組句子連接為一個含有狀語從句的復合句。,Practice,He didnt come yesterday. He was ill. (原因),He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.,Ill give the letter to him. I se

35、e him. （時間） It is such a big box. Nobody can move it. （結果） Well go to the great wall. Its fine tomorrow. (條件) We should not go there all the time. The place is quite pleasant.(讓步）,It is such a big box that nobody can move it.,Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.,Although the place is quit

36、e pleasant, we should not go there all the time.,Ill give the letter to him when I see him. Ill give the letter to him as soon as I see him. Ill give the letter to him the moment I see him.,狀語從句,分為八類：時間、地點、原因、結果、 目的、條件、讓步、方式、,1) 時間狀語從句,Wait until you are called. When spring came, leaves turned green

37、.,常用的關聯(lián)詞有：as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等,2) 條件狀語從句,If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.,常用的關聯(lián)詞有：if, unless, as long as , on condition that,常用的關聯(lián)詞有：though, although, even if, even though,3) 讓步狀語從句,Though Im fond of music,I cant play any instrument.

38、,So long as you need me, Ill stay.,4) 結果狀語從句,She was so happy that she didnt know what to say . He is such an honest boy that we all like him.,常用的關聯(lián)詞有：so that, such that,5) 目的狀語從句,Come early in order that/so that you may see him.,常用的關聯(lián)詞有： so that, in order that in case,Take your rain coat in case it

39、 rains.,6) 地點狀語從句,Put it where you found it. Sit down wherever you like.,常用的關聯(lián)詞有：where, wherever, anywhere,7) 原因狀語從句,As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman,常用的關聯(lián)詞有：because, as, since,常用的關聯(lián)詞有：as, as if, as though, how,8) 方式狀語從句,He did just as you told him.,指出下列各從句的類型,I believe that everything i

40、s going on well. She was reading a novel when I came in. She is the girl who sings best in my class.,賓語從句,狀語從句,定語從句,Practice,He has found out why she was late.,I still remember the day when I first went to York.,He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.,賓語從句,狀語從句,定語從句,1. The reason why he was dism

41、issed is that he didnt work hard. 2. I doubt whether he will succeed. I dont know if you can help me. 3. That the earth is round is well-known. 4. They believed that they would win the game. 5. When we were at school, we went to the library every day. 6. Do you know the woman who is talking to Mr Gr

42、een ?,劃出從句，并判斷從句的種類。,(定語從句）,（表語從句）,（賓語從句）,（賓語從句）,（主語從句）,（賓語從句）,（狀語從句）,(定語從句）,7. It all depends on whether they will support us. 8. We will go where the Party directs us. 9. The news that Jim told us is true. 10. He always thinks of how he can work better. 11. You will certainly succeed so long as yo

43、u keep on trying. 12. The photographs will show you what our village looks like. 13. It is because the tobacco companies want to remain in business.,（賓語從句）,（狀語從句）,(定語從句）,（賓語從句）,（狀語從句）,（賓語從句）,（表語從句）,有關“跨文化”話題 假設你叫李華，你的外國朋友John想了解中國的春節(jié)，請根據(jù)以下提綱，給他寫一封短信： 1、春節(jié)在中國人中的地位 2、春節(jié)的時間. 春節(jié)前人們 3、春節(jié)期間，人們 參考詞匯：對聯(lián)coup

44、let 爆竹firecracker Dear John, How time flies! Four months have passed since we saw each other last time. I cannot help but miss you. You asked me about Chinese Spring Festival. Now I would like to tell you something about it._,寫出下列與春節(jié)有關的詞匯 春節(jié) _ 農歷_ 正月_ 除夕_ 初一_ 團圓飯_ 年夜飯_ 爆竹_ 餃子_ 年糕_ 過年_ 傳統(tǒng)的_ 張貼_ 慶祝_ 聚

45、集_ 節(jié)日氣氛_ 吃飯_ 看電視_ 休息_ 放松_ 風俗習慣_,Lunar calendar,Lunar January,New years Eve,First day,Family reunion dinner,The dinner on New Years Eve,Firecrackers,Spring Festival,Jiaozi,New Year Cake,the atmosphere of the festival,customs and habits,spend the new year,traditional,put up,celebrate,get together,have

46、 dinner,watch TV,have a rest,relaxed,與要點有關的句子: 春節(jié)是中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日 春節(jié)在農歷的第一天 3. 春節(jié)是家人聚會的節(jié)日 4. 春節(jié)前打掃房間, 貼春聯(lián), 放鞭炮，吃餃子， 看電視。 5. 結束語,The Spring Festival is a Chinese traditional festival.,The Spring Festival begins on the first day of the first lunar month.,It is when all family members get together,A few days b

47、efore the festival, houses are cleaned and red couplets are put up on the doors of every household.,參考文章： How time flies! Four moths have passed since we saw each other last time. I cannot help but miss you. You asked me about Chinese Spring Festival. Now I would like to tell you something about it.

48、 The Spring Festival is a Chinese traditional festival. It is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. The Spring Festival begins on the first day of the first lunar month. It marks the first day of a new year. A

49、 few days before the festival, houses are cleaned and red couplets are put up on the doors of every household. They are said to frighten away the ghosts.,On that day, people are dressed up. Firecrackers ring out in the air, which adds to the atmosphere of the festival. People after a years hard work

50、 begin to relax and visit one another. Presents and dinners are given to celebrate the happy reunion of friends and relatives. Families get together. They have jiaozi and enjoy the New Year TV show. Customs may vary from place to place, but the same happy atmosphere is to be found everywhere in the

51、country. Now, I hope you have some idea of Chinese Spring Festival. Best wishes,簡單句基本句型,Basic Sentence Patterns,在英語中，簡單句的基本結構主要有以下5種類型。,1. 主 +謂（S+Vi） I work. 我工作。,2.主 +謂+ 賓（S + Vt. +O） She studies English. 她學英語。 3. 主 +謂+ 表（S+V1+P） John is busy. 約翰忙。,4.主 +謂+ 間賓 + 直賓（S+V+IO+DO） My mother made me a new

52、 dress. 我母親給我做了一件新衣服。 5. 主 +謂+ 賓 + 補（S+V+O+OC） I found the book interesting. 我覺得這個書很有趣。,注意： 狀語可以出現(xiàn)于以上任何一種簡單句的結構中。,Look at the pictures and then read the following story, paying attention to the numbered sentences.,One day, Jimmy stood by a window. 1) He looked out. 2) He saw a bird. 3) The bird was

53、beautiful. The beautiful bird was singing aloud. 4) Suddenly, he heard the bird begin to talk to him. “Hi, I am Jill. Who are you?” Jimmy was very surprised.,He asked the bird. “Are you speaking to me?” The bird, Jill, said, “Yes. I am very hungry. 5) Can you give me something to eat?” Jimmy then pu

54、t some rice on his palm to feed the bird. As soon as the bird finished eating the rice, Jimmy found himself flying together with the bird in the sky. Oh, what a wonderful dream!,1. Put the numbered sentences after the correct sentence patterns.,1. 主 +謂（S+V） He looked out.,2.主 +謂+ 賓（S+V+O） He saw a b

55、ird. 3. 主 +謂+ 表（S+V+P） The bird was beautiful.,4.主 +謂+ 間賓 + 直賓（S+V+IO+DO） Can you give me something to eat? 5. 主 +謂+ 賓 + 補（S+V+O+OC） Suddenly, he heard the bird begin to talk to him.,2. Read the story again and find more sentences which match the five basic sentence patterns.,1. S+V One day, Jimmy s

56、tood by a window. The beautiful bird was singing aloud.,2. S+V+O He asked the bird. Are you speaking to me? Jimmy then put some rice on his palm to feed the bird. As soon as the bird finished eating the rice ,3. S+V+P I am Jill. Who are you? Jimmy was very surprised. I am very hungry.,4. S+V+IO+DO 無

57、。 5. S+V+O+OC Jimmy found himself flying together with the bird in the sky.,3. Study the chart carefully, and then complete the following sentences.,Noun, _ can be used to be a subject. _ can be used to be a predicate. Noun, _ can be used to be an object.,pronoun and the “- ing” form,Verb and verbal

58、 phrase,pronoun, the “- ing” form, the infinitive and object clause,Noun, _ _can be used to be a predicative. Noun, _ _can be used to be an object complement.,adjective, prepositional phrase, the infinitive and the “- ing” form,adverb, adjective and prepositional phrase,noun adj. / adv. Infinitive/

59、V-ing/ V-ed/ etc.,主語,謂語,賓語,表語,Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun / Pronoun/ the + adj/ V-ing / Clause/ Infinitive,Noun / Pronoun / the + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive,英語句子基本成分示意圖,be / feel / seem / look appear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep taste / smell etc.,Noun/ Pronoun/ adj. / ad

60、v./ Infinitive/ V-ing / V-ed/ clause etc.,Follow the example and mark the elements of each sentence.,1. I am looking forward to meeting you. 2. We found a man lying on the ground.,S,V,O,O,OC,3. Your boss called and left you a message. 4. I know exactly what they want. 5. Its my duty to look after th

61、ese children.,S,V,V,IO,DO,O,S,6. Tom asked whether he could borrow my new dictionary. 7. The speaker raised his voice and finally made himself heard. 8. Do you think it necessary to build a new camp?,O,O,V,V,O,OC,OC,O,（It形式賓語，to do是真正賓語）,Read the following passage and mark the sentence elements of t

62、he coloured parts. The first one has been done as an example.,It is the last day of October ( ). Children put on costumes ( ) some children dress like pirates or ghosts. Others ( ) try to look like famous people. On Halloween night, they carry a big sack ( ) and say “trick or treat”( ) outside the d

63、oor of each house. People give ( ) them ( ) candies or fruits ( ).,P,O,S,O,V,IO,DO,O,The symbols of Halloween are pumpkin lanterns ( ). They are made from pumpkin shells. The favourite drink at Halloween time is apple juice. Americans also call it ( ) cider ( ). Teachers often serve the children ( ) cider ( ) in elementary school on Halloween Day. The boys