哈飛微型面包車整體式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)【含5張CAD圖紙和說明書】
哈飛微型面包車整體式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)【含5張CAD圖紙和說明書】,含5張CAD圖紙和說明書,微型,面包車,整體,總體,驅(qū)動(dòng),設(shè)計(jì),cad,圖紙,以及,說明書,仿單
本科學(xué)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
哈飛微型面包車整體式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)
系部名稱： 汽車與交通工程學(xué)院
專業(yè)班級(jí)：
學(xué)生姓名：
指導(dǎo)教師：
職 稱：
SY-025-BY-3
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告
學(xué)生姓名
系部
汽車與交通工程
專業(yè)、班級(jí)
指導(dǎo)教師姓名
職稱
副教授
從事
專業(yè)
車輛工程
是否外聘
□是否
題目名稱
哈飛微型面包車整體式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)
一、課題研究現(xiàn)狀,選題的目的、依據(jù)和意義
1、研究現(xiàn)狀
汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋是汽車傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的重要組成，承載著汽車的滿載荷重及地面經(jīng)車輪、車架給予的垂直力、縱向力、橫向力及其力矩，以及沖擊載荷,驅(qū)動(dòng)橋還傳遞著傳動(dòng)系中的最大轉(zhuǎn)矩。汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的結(jié)構(gòu)型式和設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)對(duì)汽車動(dòng)力性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、平順性、通過性有直接影響。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋結(jié)構(gòu)型式的選擇與設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)選取及設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算對(duì)汽車的整車設(shè)計(jì)和性能極其重要。
傳統(tǒng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)是以生產(chǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ),以運(yùn)用力學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)和回歸方法形成的公式、圖表、手冊(cè)為依據(jù)進(jìn)行的。目前國外的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)與研發(fā)的技術(shù)已經(jīng)非常的成熟，其驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的研發(fā)與設(shè)計(jì)融入：驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼有限元分析，高性能制動(dòng)器技術(shù)、電子智能控制技術(shù)使驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的設(shè)計(jì)，不但可以縮短設(shè)計(jì)周期，還可以提高設(shè)計(jì)精度和可靠性，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)過程的最佳化和自動(dòng)化。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)微型汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的廠家較多，品種和規(guī)格也較全，其性能和質(zhì)量基本上能夠滿足國產(chǎn)車輛的使用要求，但是與國外先進(jìn)產(chǎn)品相比，國內(nèi)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋齒輪傳動(dòng)裝置技術(shù)水平仍相對(duì)較低。隨著國外先進(jìn)技術(shù)的引進(jìn)，科技迅速發(fā)展的推動(dòng)，高新技術(shù)在汽車領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用和推廣，各種國外汽車新技術(shù)的引進(jìn)，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)自身研發(fā)能力的提高，我國的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)和制造會(huì)逐漸發(fā)展起來，逐步的縮短與外國制造技術(shù)水平上的差距，并最終跟上世界先進(jìn)的汽車零部件設(shè)計(jì)制造技術(shù)水平。汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋已經(jīng)經(jīng)過好多年的發(fā)展了，現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品比較笨重沒有什么技術(shù)含量，大多用在卡車大客車上，這種產(chǎn)品從誕生到現(xiàn)在基本沒有多大的更新。所以，如果還是生產(chǎn)老式產(chǎn)品的話，會(huì)陷入同質(zhì)化竟?fàn)庪y以取得好的效益，如果要在這外行業(yè)有所發(fā)展的話一定要有自己創(chuàng)新。開發(fā)出輕巧堅(jiān)固的橋，另外老式的車橋一能更好地與地面保持平行，所以在路面不平時(shí)輪胎的抓地能力很差，現(xiàn)在的轎車大都淘汰了這種橋，而采用性能更優(yōu)越的多連桿整車橋。近年來，驅(qū)動(dòng)橋墊片市場發(fā)展迅速。經(jīng)過近幾年的快速發(fā)展，世界驅(qū)動(dòng)橋墊片行業(yè)已經(jīng)形成一定的產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模，相關(guān)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋墊片產(chǎn)業(yè)也日漸完善，但是國內(nèi)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋墊片市場還遠(yuǎn)未成熟，同發(fā)達(dá)的歐美國家相比，無論市場規(guī)模、產(chǎn)品檔次、品種規(guī)格、消費(fèi)水平等方面都還有相當(dāng)大的差距。隨著市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，驅(qū)動(dòng)橋墊片技術(shù)水平、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的提高，應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的不斷擴(kuò)展，我國的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋墊片將會(huì)有巨大的市場需求和發(fā)展空間。功能： 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋處于動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系的末端，其基本功能是增大由傳動(dòng)軸或變速器傳來的轉(zhuǎn)矩，并將動(dòng)力合理的分配給左、右驅(qū)動(dòng)輪，另外還承受作用于路面和車架或車身之間的垂直立、縱向力和橫向力。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋一般由主減速器、差速器、車輪傳動(dòng)裝置和驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼等組成。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的分類 :驅(qū)動(dòng)橋分非斷開式與斷開式兩大類非斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋也稱為整體式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋，其半軸套管與主減速器殼均與軸殼剛性地相連一個(gè)整體梁，因而兩側(cè)的半軸和驅(qū)動(dòng)輪相關(guān)地?cái)[動(dòng)，通過彈性元件與車架相連。它由驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼1，主減速器，差速器,和半軸組成
2、目的、依據(jù)和意義
對(duì)于汽車來說而驅(qū)動(dòng)橋在傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中起著舉足輕重的作用。隨著目前國際上石油價(jià)格的上漲，汽車的經(jīng)濟(jì)性日益成為人們關(guān)心的話題,提高其燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性也是各汽車生產(chǎn)商來提高其產(chǎn)品市場競爭力的一個(gè)方法。為了降低油耗，不僅要在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的環(huán)節(jié)上節(jié)油，而且也需要在傳動(dòng)的系統(tǒng)中來減少能量的損失。這就必須在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力輸出之后，在從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)—傳動(dòng)軸—驅(qū)動(dòng)橋這一動(dòng)力輸送環(huán)節(jié)中尋找減少能量在傳遞的過程中的損失。在這一環(huán)節(jié)中，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是動(dòng)力的輸出者，而驅(qū)動(dòng)橋則是將動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)化為能量的最終執(zhí)行者。因此，在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)相同的情況下，采用性能優(yōu)良且與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)匹配性比較高的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋便成了有效節(jié)油的措施之一。所以驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的設(shè)計(jì)也是提高其燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性一個(gè)重要的環(huán)節(jié)，汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋涉及的機(jī)械零部件的品種十分的廣泛，對(duì)這些零部件、元件及總成的制造也幾乎涉及到所有的現(xiàn)代機(jī)械制造工藝所以對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的設(shè)計(jì)不應(yīng)僅停留在傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法上，而應(yīng)借助于現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)方法以精益求精。
現(xiàn)代的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)是傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的深入、豐富和發(fā)展,而非獨(dú)立于傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的全新設(shè)計(jì)。以理論為指導(dǎo)、以計(jì)算機(jī)為輔助,是現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)的主要特征。利用這種方法指導(dǎo)設(shè)計(jì)可以減小經(jīng)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的盲目性和隨意性,提高設(shè)計(jì)的主動(dòng)性、科學(xué)性和準(zhǔn)確性。以便為廣大消費(fèi)者生產(chǎn)出質(zhì)量好,操作簡便，價(jià)格便宜適合中國國情，包括道路條件和經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的車輛，滿足大多數(shù)消費(fèi)者的要求， 所以設(shè)計(jì)出結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、工作可靠、造價(jià)低廉的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋?qū)⒋蟠笸苿?dòng)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的提高。
驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)是在整車設(shè)計(jì)中一個(gè)重要的環(huán)節(jié)，也是評(píng)價(jià)汽車整體性能的一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以通過對(duì)汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的學(xué)習(xí)和設(shè)計(jì)，可以更好的掌握現(xiàn)代汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)與機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的方法。 3、哈飛民意HFJ6370G GZ103J 的基本參數(shù)
車 型：MPV車 生產(chǎn)廠商： 哈飛汽車 所屬： [哈飛民意]
上市時(shí)間： 2003 最近更新： 2009.02.16
外形尺寸（長/寬/高）： 3930/1505/1875mm 油耗： 0.00L
優(yōu) 點(diǎn)：造型突破傳統(tǒng)微面，繼承微面優(yōu)點(diǎn)實(shí)用性強(qiáng)
缺 點(diǎn)：技術(shù)改進(jìn)不大，并未擺脫“微面一族”
哈飛民意HFJ6370G GZ103J 基本參數(shù)
??哈飛民意 HFJ6370E 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型-基本資料
車型名稱
?哈飛民意 HFJ6370E 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型
?
車體結(jié)構(gòu)
?中小型客車
?
豪華級(jí)別
?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型
?
??哈飛民意 HFJ6370E 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型-引擎參數(shù)
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)引擎
?DA465Q-1A/水冷、直列四缸四沖程、單頂置凸輪軸、多點(diǎn)燃油噴射式
?
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)變速器
? 手動(dòng) 5檔
?
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)排量
? 1050 cc
?
氣?門?數(shù)
?16
?
最大功率
?38.5/5200 KW/rpm
?
最大扭矩
?83/3000～3500 N·m/rpm
?
燃油系統(tǒng)
?電子燃油噴射式
?
理論油耗
? 升/百公里
?
最高時(shí)速
?110.0 km/h
?
加速時(shí)間
? 秒（0-100km/h）
?
排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
? 國Ⅲ標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
?
?
?
?
??哈飛民意 HFJ6370E 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型-轉(zhuǎn)向/懸掛/輪胎
驅(qū)動(dòng)方式
? 前置前驅(qū)
?
制動(dòng)方式
? 碟/鼓（前/后）
?
轉(zhuǎn)向助力
? 非助力轉(zhuǎn)向式
?
懸掛方式
? 滑柱擺臂式獨(dú)立懸架/鋼板彈簧式非獨(dú)立懸架（前/后）
?
輪轂尺寸
?
?
輪????胎
?165/70R13
?
??尺寸和重量
車身重量
?1030 kg
?
軸????距
?2470 mm
?
輪????距
?1300/1310 mm（前/后）
?
全車長度
?3930 mm
?
車身寬度
?1505 mm
?
車身高度
?1875 mm
?
??通過性
最小轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑
?5.0 m
?
最小離地間隙
?155 mm
?
最大爬坡度
? %
?
接近角
?°
?
離去角
?°
?
?
?
?
??貨艙容積
行李艙容積
? L
?
油箱容積
?36 L
?
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)座位數(shù)
?8
?
二、設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的基本內(nèi)容、擬解決的主要問題
1、研究的基本內(nèi)容
（1）驅(qū)動(dòng)橋和主減速器、差速器、半軸、驅(qū)動(dòng)橋橋殼的結(jié)構(gòu)形式選擇；
（2）主減速器的參數(shù)選擇與設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算；
（3）差速器的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算；
（4）半軸的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算；
（5）驅(qū)動(dòng)橋橋殼的受力分析及強(qiáng)度計(jì)算；
（6）CAD繪制裝配圖、零件圖，完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書；
2、擬解決的主要問題
（1）通過文獻(xiàn)，掌握汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)方法；
（2）調(diào)研，掌握汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)過程；
（3）確定汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋各項(xiàng)參數(shù)，計(jì)算確定各元件的參數(shù)和尺寸，完成CAD圖紙；
（4）完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書；
2.擬解決的主要問題：
(1)通過理論學(xué)習(xí)與實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)物研究相結(jié)合的辦法，對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的各部件加深認(rèn)識(shí)與理解，繪制設(shè)計(jì)草圖。
(2)在設(shè)計(jì)中對(duì)一些設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)與尺寸將通過參考同類車型的尺寸進(jìn)行選取設(shè)計(jì)。如：橋殼的厚度、加強(qiáng)肋的位置、潤滑方式等。
(3)確定汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋各項(xiàng)參數(shù)，計(jì)算確定各元件的參數(shù)和尺寸，完成CAD制圖。
(4)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書格式規(guī)范，設(shè)計(jì)思路清晰，方案選擇合理，具有可行性，圖紙繪制符合制圖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。
三、技術(shù)路線（研究方法）
收集信息、資料
確定驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的設(shè)計(jì)思路
掌握驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)過程
根據(jù)整車要求確定汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)
設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算主減速器、差速器、半軸以及驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼的強(qiáng)度校核
完成CAD裝配圖、零件圖與設(shè)計(jì)說明書
形成研究成果
四、進(jìn)度安排
（1）資料收集、調(diào)研，完成開題報(bào)告； 第1~2周（3月2日~3月15日）
（2）獲得驅(qū)動(dòng)橋總成各參數(shù)，掌握設(shè)計(jì)過程； 第3周（3月16日~3月22日）
（3）主減速器，差速器，半軸，橋殼方案確定； 第4~5周（3月23日~4月5日）
（4）主減速器，差速器，半軸，橋殼參數(shù)選擇與設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算； 第6~10周（4月6日~5月10日）
（5）完成設(shè)計(jì)說明書，完成圖紙繪制； 第11~14周（5月11日~6月7日）
（6）設(shè)計(jì)審核、修改； 第15~16周（6月8日~6月21日）
（7）畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)答辯準(zhǔn)備及答辯； 第17周（6月22日~6月28日）
五、參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 劉惟信[M].汽車設(shè)計(jì).北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,2001.
[2] 王望予[M].汽車設(shè)計(jì).第3版.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2000.
[3] 余志生[M].汽車?yán)碚?第3 版.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2000.
[4] 張洪欣[M].汽車底盤設(shè)計(jì).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1998.
[5] 臧杰.閻巖[M].汽車構(gòu)造.北京.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2005
[6]《汽車工程手冊(cè)》編輯委員會(huì).汽車工程手冊(cè).制造篇.北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[7] 陳效華.基于有限元方法的微型汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋結(jié)構(gòu)分析[J].中國制造業(yè),2003,32(4).
[8] 陳效華.驅(qū)動(dòng)橋集成建模系統(tǒng)概要設(shè)計(jì)[J].汽車工程,2003,25(1).
[9] 李光熠.機(jī)械可靠度計(jì)算的幾種方法比較[J].煤礦機(jī)械,2001(5).
[10] 王鐵.基于貝葉斯統(tǒng)計(jì)的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼可靠性設(shè)計(jì)[J].機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)與制造,2003(2).
[11] 王鐵.輪式工程機(jī)械驅(qū)動(dòng)橋主減速器齒輪的可靠性優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)[J].機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)與制造,2003(4).
[12] 褚志剛.汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼破壞機(jī)理分析研究[J].設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算,2001(6).
[13] 畢春長.齒輪傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔助優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)[J].機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),2000(2).
[14] 丁予展.實(shí)數(shù)編碼的遺傳算法在斜齒圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用[J].機(jī)械科學(xué)與技術(shù),2000,19(6).
[15] Sarah Domme, PeterHwang, PhilipKim, eta.l A Value Based Approach to Determining TopHazards in Army Ground Vehicle Operations [C]. Systems and Information EngineeringDesign Symposium IEEE. 2006: 124-129.
[16] ARCCA, incorporated. OccupantCrash ProtectionHand-book for Tactical Ground Vehicles(Light, Medium and HeavyDuty) [M]. Washington, DC: DepartmentofAr-my, 2000.
[17] Walz M C, Trends in the Static Stability Factor of Pas-senger Cars, Light Trucks, andVans [R]. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,2005.
六、備注
指導(dǎo)教師意見：
簽字： 年 月 日
哈飛微型面包車整體式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)
摘 要
本次設(shè)計(jì)的題目是哈飛民意汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋一般由主減速器、差速器、半軸及橋殼四部分組成，其基本功用是增大由傳動(dòng)軸或直接由變速器傳來的轉(zhuǎn)矩，將轉(zhuǎn)矩分配給左、右車輪，并使左、右驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪具有汽車行駛運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)所要求的差速功能；此外，還要承受作用于路面和車架或車廂之間的鉛垂力、縱向力和橫向力。
本設(shè)計(jì)首先論述了驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的總體結(jié)構(gòu)，在分析驅(qū)動(dòng)橋各部分結(jié)構(gòu)型式、發(fā)展過程及其以往形式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，確定了總體設(shè)計(jì)方案：采用整體式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋，主減速器的減速型式采用單級(jí)減速器，主減速器齒輪采用螺旋錐齒輪，差速器采用普通對(duì)稱式圓錐行星齒輪差速器，半軸采用半浮式型式，橋殼采用鋼板沖壓焊接式整體式橋殼。
關(guān)鍵詞： 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋；主減速器；設(shè)計(jì)；計(jì)算；CAD
8
ABSTRACT
The object of the design is the design for driving axle of mini-car of SongHuajiang driving axle is consisted of final drive, differential mechanism, half shaft and axle housing. The basic function of driving axle is to increase the torque transmitted by drive shaft or directly transmitted by gearbox, then distributes it to left and right wheel, and make these two wheels have the differential function which is required in automobile driving kinematics; besides, the driving axle must also stand the lead hangs down strength, the longitudinal force and the transverse force acted on the road surface, the frame or the compartment lead.
The configuration of the driving axle is introduced in the thesis at first. On the basis of the analysis of the structure ,the developing process and advantages and disadvantages of the former type of driving axle, the design adopted the Integral driving axle, single reduction gear for main decelerator’s deceleration form, spiral bevel gear for main decelerator’s gear, half floating for axle and stamp-welded steel sheet of integral axle housing for axle housing. In the design, we accomplished the design for single reduction gear, tapered planetary gear differential mechanism, half floating axle, the checking of axle housing and CAD drawing and so on.
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Keywords: Driving Axle; Final Drive ; Design; Calculation; CAD
目 錄
第1章 緒 論 1
1.1 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的結(jié)構(gòu)和種類 1
1.1.1 汽車車橋的種類 1
1.1.2 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的種類 1
1.1.3 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋結(jié)構(gòu)組成 2
1.2設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 6
第2章 設(shè)計(jì)方案的確定 7
2.1 設(shè)計(jì)主要參數(shù) 7
2.2主減速器結(jié)構(gòu)方案的確定 7
（1）主減速器齒輪的類型的選擇 7
2.3差速器結(jié)構(gòu)方案的確定 8
2.4 半軸型式的確定 8
2.5 橋殼型式的確定 9
2.6 本章小結(jié) 9
第3章 主減速器設(shè)計(jì) 10
3.1 主減速比的確定 10
3.2 主減速器齒輪計(jì)算載荷的確定 10
3.3 主減速器齒輪參數(shù)的選擇 11
3.4 主減速器螺旋錐齒輪的幾何尺寸計(jì)算與強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 12
3.4.1 主減速器螺旋錐齒輪的幾何尺寸計(jì)算 12
3.4.2 主減速器螺旋錐齒輪的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 13
3.5 主減速器齒輪的材料及熱處理 16
3.6 主減速器軸承的計(jì)算 17
3.7 主減速器的潤滑 21
3.8 本章小結(jié) 21
第4章 差速器設(shè)計(jì) 22
4.1 概述 22
4.2 對(duì)稱式圓錐行星齒輪差速器 22
4.2.1 差速器齒輪的基本參數(shù)選擇 23
4.2.2 差速器齒輪的幾何尺寸計(jì)算與強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 24
4.3 本章小結(jié) 27
第5章 半軸設(shè)計(jì) 28
5.1 概述 28
5.2 半軸的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 28
5.2.1半浮式半軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 28
5.2.2 半軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 31
5.3 本章小結(jié) 32
第6章 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋橋殼的校核 33
6.1 概述 33
6.2 橋殼的受力分析及強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 33
6.2.1 汽車以最大牽引力行駛時(shí)的橋殼強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 33
6.2.2 汽車側(cè)向力最大時(shí)的橋殼強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 33
6.2.3 汽車在不平路面沖擊載荷作用下橋殼的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 34
6.3 本章小結(jié) 34
參考文獻(xiàn) 37
致 謝 38
附 錄A 外文文獻(xiàn) 39
附 錄B外文文獻(xiàn)的中文翻譯 42
附 錄A 外文文獻(xiàn)
The present situation of theory research on Drive axle design and analysis
With the development of testing technology and improved driving axle in the design process to test the introduction of new technology and a variety of test equipment dedicated to carry out scientific experiments, all aspects of product structure, performance and strength of parts and components, life testing At the same time, extensive use of modern mathematical physics analysis, and assembly of products, parts and components to carry out a full technical analysis, research, and thus drive the development of bridge design theory to scientific experiments and technical analysis is based on the stage.
(1) Computer Supported drive axle design and analysis of the theoretical innovation:
Computer in the engineering design of the popularization and application, so that the bridge design theory-driven and technology leap in the development of completely different design process. Drive axle structure parameters and the optimization of performance parameters such as selection and matching, the intensity of components accounting and life prediction, simulation of the relevant products or simulation analysis of the art form that is more so on the choice of design and shape, design drawings Drawing will be conducted on the computer. The use of computer tools for analysis, because of its fast computing and large data capacity, we can use more accurate mathematical model of multi-degree of freedom to simulate the driving axle of the campaign in a variety of conditions, the use of modern advanced mathematics methods of analysis, can be obtained more accurate results, which analyzed for a variety of programs designed to work creatively to provide a great convenience. At present, due to the external computer equipment and the achievements of human-computer links, can be the computer's rapid calculation and logic to determine the capacity, high-capacity data storage and efficient data-processing capacity, the calculation results of dynamic image display function and creativity thinking ability and experience, the realization of human-computer dialogue-style semi-automatic design, or product design expert systems, design automation. The design process can be computer-related products on a large amount of data, data retrieval, on the design of the design of high-speed computing, computer screen displays graphics and design calculations; designers can also be used up pen and direct man-machine dialogue language graphic changes to achieve the best design options, and then by computer graphics equipment line drawings drawn products. This use of computers and external devices product design methods, collectively referred to as computer-aided design. CAD and CAM will be the future into CADMAT system will show the usefulness of its huge.
(2) basic studies to support the drive axle design and analysis of the theoretical innovation:
With the computer design of drive axle in the popularization and application, a number of modern methods of mathematical physics and the basis for new theoretical achievements in the automotive design has become more widely used. The design of modern drive axle, in addition to traditional methods, computer-aided design methods, but also the introduction of the most optimal design, reliability, design, finite element analysis of computer simulation or simulation analysis, modal analysis and other modern design methods and analytical tools. Bridge design and analysis of drive to achieve the current high level of theory, especially the past three decades is more than a century of basic science, applied technology, materials and manufacturing processes result of continuous development and progress as well as design, production and use of long-term accumulation of experience. It is based on the production of large-scale practice, the basis of the theory as a guide to reflect the achievements of contemporary science and technology-driven bridge design software and hardware as a means to meet the needs of society for the purpose, through the use of materials, technology, equipment, tools, testing equipment, test the technical and business achievements in the field of management, continuous development and progress.
(3) reverse engineering theory and methods widely used:
Driving axle in the field of automated manufacturing, and often involve an enormous amount of complex design and manufacturing and testing surface. Under normal circumstances, first of all applications on the computer computer-aided design and manufacturing technology for the design of product model, and then generate code for processing. With the traditional processing model, compared to reverse engineering a CAD model of characterization of non-existing methods of product design, but through a variety of ways from the physical model was taken from the data re-engineering development models of a product amend. Drive the design and manufacture of axle housing is a very typical reverse engineering methods.
(4) the application of rapid prototyping technology :
Product innovation is designed to give full play to the designer's creative imagination, using the technical knowledge and skills to carry out the innovative ideas that the principle of a practice, its aim is to creatively design a rich and advanced new products. In the development of traditional design, the process is divided into program design, technical design, process design and product manufacturing. With the development of information technology, product design and development of the scope of the content from the traditional extended to product planning, manufacturing, testing, testing , marketing, as well as the whole process of recovery. Traditional design, the extension of the product development cycle. Rapid prototyping technology is the complete CAD model solid model layer by layer manufacturing technology, rapid prototyping technology to rid itself of the traditional processing methods, the growth of a new processing method to the complex three-dimensional processing is decomposed into a simple combination of two-dimensional processing. Therefore it does not need the use of traditional machine tools and processing tool, and only 10% of traditional processing methods of a 30% and 20% of the working hours of a 30% of the cost of products will be able to directly create and mold samples. Product innovation in the design and development application of rapid prototyping technology, with modern high-tech tools and technology to transform traditional methods of product design and development, to promote design innovation, product innovation, process innovation and management innovation to form a digital, virtual and intelligent , integrated in order to bring about a revolution in product design and development.
(5) the application of concurrent engineering to product management and development:
Drive Axle Industries has launched a worldwide competition designed to shorten a new product development time, reduce costs, improve quality, increase market competitiveness, manufacturers are increasingly becoming the most important issue to consider. Concurrent Engineering as a modern, advanced product design and development model to address these problems is a good way for countries to the automotive industry has been used. The so-called concurrent engineering, is the integrated, concurrent design of products and related processes of systems engineering, it takes from concept to product design, shape design, manufacture, use, maintenance of the entire process until the end of life of all the relevant factors that can solve the out of touch the design and manufacturing process design changes caused by frequent and long development time, cost of Higher contradictions can be designed to maximize the quality and development efficiency, and increase market competitiveness. Concurrent engineering, the key is the process of the product and its associated parallel implementation of integrated design, manufacturing and assembly-oriented design is an important aspect of concurrent engineering in product development throughout the entire process of design is the key. Innate quality of the product design decisions. Statistics show that products, including raw materials, manufacture, use, maintenance and other costs that 70% of the generalized cost is a decision from the design stage. The objectives of concurrent engineering is as much as possible early in the design stage on the introduction of the manufacture and assembly of the binding process, such as material selection, manufacturing processes, and assembly of such constraints, design changes to make as much as possible in the early stage of product development, and from manufacturing to assembly to reduce the occurrence of adverse situations, when to make a successful product design, product development to avoid the late change in design due to the enormous waste, which on the drive axle design and subAnalysis of the objectives of the theory put forward more demands.
附 錄B外文文獻(xiàn)的中文翻譯
驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)與分析的理論研究現(xiàn)狀
隨著測試技術(shù)的發(fā)展與完善，在驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)過程中引進(jìn)新的測試技術(shù)和各種專用的試驗(yàn)設(shè)備，進(jìn)行科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，從各方面對(duì)產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)、性能和零部件的強(qiáng)度、壽命進(jìn)行測試，同時(shí)廣泛采用近代數(shù)學(xué)物理分析方法，對(duì)產(chǎn)品及其總成、零部件進(jìn)行全面的技術(shù)分析、研究，這樣就使驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)理論發(fā)展到以科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)和技術(shù)分析為基礎(chǔ)的階段。
(1)計(jì)算機(jī)支持驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)與分析的理論創(chuàng)新：
電子計(jì)算機(jī)在工程設(shè)計(jì)中的推廣應(yīng)用，使驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)理論與技術(shù)飛躍發(fā)展，設(shè)計(jì)過程完全改觀。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)及性能參數(shù)等的優(yōu)化選擇與匹配、零部件的強(qiáng)度核算與壽命預(yù)測、產(chǎn)品有關(guān)方面的模擬計(jì)算或仿真分析即更進(jìn)一步的美工造型等等設(shè)計(jì)方案的選擇及定型，設(shè)計(jì)圖紙的繪制，均可在計(jì)算機(jī)上進(jìn)行。采用電子計(jì)算機(jī)作分析計(jì)算手段，由于其計(jì)算速度很快且數(shù)據(jù)容量很大，就可采用較準(zhǔn)確的多自由度的數(shù)學(xué)模型來模擬驅(qū)動(dòng)橋在各種工況下的運(yùn)動(dòng)，采用現(xiàn)代先進(jìn)的數(shù)學(xué)方法進(jìn)行分析，可取得較準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)果，這就為設(shè)計(jì)人員分析多種方案進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性的工作提供了很大的方便。當(dāng)前，由于計(jì)算機(jī)的外部設(shè)備及人機(jī)聯(lián)系方面的成就，已可將計(jì)算機(jī)的快速計(jì)算和邏輯判斷能力、大容量的數(shù)據(jù)儲(chǔ)存及高效的數(shù)據(jù)處理能力、計(jì)算結(jié)果的動(dòng)態(tài)圖像顯示功能與人的創(chuàng)造性思維能力及經(jīng)驗(yàn)結(jié)合起來，實(shí)現(xiàn)人機(jī)對(duì)話式的半自動(dòng)化設(shè)計(jì)，或與產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的專家系統(tǒng)相結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化設(shè)計(jì)。其設(shè)計(jì)過程可由電子計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)有關(guān)產(chǎn)品的大量數(shù)據(jù)、資料進(jìn)行檢索，對(duì)有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)問題進(jìn)行高速的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，通過計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕顯示其設(shè)計(jì)圖形和計(jì)算結(jié)果;設(shè)計(jì)人員可用光筆和人機(jī)對(duì)話語言直接對(duì)圖形進(jìn)行修改，取得最佳設(shè)計(jì)方案后，再由與計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)機(jī)的繪圖設(shè)備繪出產(chǎn)品圖紙。這種利用計(jì)算機(jī)及其外部設(shè)備進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的方法，統(tǒng)稱為計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)。今后CAD將與CAM結(jié)合成CADMAT系統(tǒng)，更將顯示出其巨大的功用。
(2) 基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科支持驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)與分析的理論創(chuàng)新：
隨著計(jì)算機(jī)在驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)中的推廣應(yīng)用，一些近代的數(shù)學(xué)物理方法和基礎(chǔ)理論方面的新成就在汽車設(shè)計(jì)中也日益得到廣泛應(yīng)用?，F(xiàn)代驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)，除傳統(tǒng)的方法、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)方法外，還引進(jìn)了最優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)、可靠性設(shè)計(jì)、有限元分析計(jì)算機(jī)模擬計(jì)算或仿真分析、模態(tài)分析等現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)方法與分析手段。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)與分析理論達(dá)到當(dāng)前的高水平，是百余年來特別是近三十年來基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)、應(yīng)用技術(shù)、材料與制造工藝不斷發(fā)展進(jìn)步的結(jié)果，也是設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)與使用經(jīng)驗(yàn)長期積累的結(jié)果.它立足于規(guī)模宏大的生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐，以基礎(chǔ)理論為指導(dǎo)，以體現(xiàn)當(dāng)代科技成就的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)軟件及硬件為手段，以滿足社會(huì)需求為目的，借助于材料、工藝、設(shè)備、工具、測試儀器、試驗(yàn)技術(shù)及經(jīng)營管理等領(lǐng)域的成就，不斷地發(fā)展進(jìn)步.
(3) 逆工程理論與方法得到廣泛的應(yīng)用：
在驅(qū)動(dòng)橋自動(dòng)化制造領(lǐng)域中，常常涉及大量的復(fù)雜曲面設(shè)計(jì)制造與檢測。通常情況下，首先在計(jì)算機(jī)上應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)及制造技術(shù)進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品模型設(shè)計(jì)，然后生成數(shù)控代碼進(jìn)行加工。與這種傳統(tǒng)的加工模式相比較，逆工程表示了一種CAD模型不存在的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)方法，而是通過從各種方式獲得的實(shí)物模型中抽取數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行再設(shè)計(jì)的一種開發(fā)模式有產(chǎn)品的修改。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼設(shè)計(jì)與制造就是一種非常典型的逆工程設(shè)計(jì)方法。
(4)快速原型技術(shù)應(yīng)用：
產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)是充分發(fā)揮設(shè)計(jì)者的創(chuàng)造性想像才能，利用有關(guān)技術(shù)知識(shí)和技術(shù)原理進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新構(gòu)思的一種實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，其目的是創(chuàng)造性地設(shè)計(jì)出富有新穎性和先進(jìn)性的產(chǎn)品。在傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)中，其過程分為方案設(shè)計(jì)、技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)、工藝設(shè)計(jì)和產(chǎn)品制造.隨著計(jì)算機(jī)信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展，產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)的范疇已經(jīng)從傳統(tǒng)的內(nèi)容擴(kuò)展到產(chǎn)品規(guī)劃、制造、檢測、試驗(yàn)、營銷以及回收全過程。傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，延長了產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期?？焖僭图夹g(shù)是將CAD模型逐層完成實(shí)體模型的制造技術(shù)，快速原型技術(shù)徹底擺脫了傳統(tǒng)的加工方法，采用全新的增長加工方法，將復(fù)雜的三維加工分解為簡單的二維加工的組合。因此它不必采用傳統(tǒng)的加工機(jī)床和加工模具，而只需要傳統(tǒng)加工方法10%一30%的工時(shí)和20%一30%的成本就能直接制造出產(chǎn)品樣本和模具。在產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)中應(yīng)用快速原型技術(shù)，用現(xiàn)代的高科技手段和技術(shù)來改造傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)方法，能夠促進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新、產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新、工藝創(chuàng)新和管理創(chuàng)新，形成數(shù)字化、虛擬化、智能化、集成化，從而帶來了產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)的革命。
(5) 并行工程應(yīng)用到產(chǎn)品的管理與開發(fā)：
驅(qū)動(dòng)橋產(chǎn)業(yè)己在世界范圍內(nèi)展開了劇烈的競爭，縮短新產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)一開發(fā)時(shí)間、降低成本、提高質(zhì)量、提高市場競爭力，日益成為各制造廠家考慮的首要問題。并行工程作為現(xiàn)代的、先進(jìn)的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)模式，是解決上述問題的好辦法，己為各國汽車制造業(yè)所采用。所謂并行工程，是集成、并行設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品及相關(guān)過程的系統(tǒng)工程，它考慮到產(chǎn)品從概念設(shè)計(jì)、設(shè)計(jì)定型、制造、使用、維修直至報(bào)廢這一全過程中的所有相關(guān)因素，能解決因設(shè)計(jì)與制造工藝脫節(jié)而引起的設(shè)計(jì)改動(dòng)頻繁、開發(fā)時(shí)間長、成本高等矛盾可最大限度地提高設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量和開發(fā)效率，提高產(chǎn)品的市場竟?fàn)幜?。并行工程的關(guān)鍵是對(duì)產(chǎn)品及其相 關(guān)過程實(shí)行集成的并行設(shè)計(jì)，面向制造與裝配的設(shè)計(jì)是并行工程的重要內(nèi)容，在產(chǎn)品開發(fā)的整個(gè)過程中，設(shè)計(jì)是關(guān)鍵。產(chǎn)品的先天質(zhì)量決定于設(shè)計(jì)。統(tǒng)計(jì)表明， 產(chǎn)品在包括原材料、制造、使用、維修等各方面的花費(fèi)即廣義成本的70%也是由設(shè)計(jì)階段決定。并行工程的目標(biāo)就是盡量早地在設(shè)計(jì)階段就引入制造與裝配等工藝的約束，例如材料的選擇、制造工藝性、裝配性等約束，使設(shè)計(jì)方案的修改盡可能地在 產(chǎn)品開發(fā)的前期進(jìn)行，減少從制造到裝配時(shí)發(fā)生的不利情況，使產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)一次成功 ，避免在產(chǎn)品開發(fā)后期因改變?cè)O(shè)計(jì)而造成的巨大浪費(fèi)，這就對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)與分析理論的目標(biāo)提出了更苛刻的要求。
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