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1、Unit 1 Past and presentGrammar 牛津版初中英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下牛津版初中英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下We use the simple past tense to talk about what happened at a definite time in the past.Past present Eddie was born four years ago.We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that started in the past and still have some connection with t
2、he present.Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.Eddie has lived with Millie for four years.presentPastPastpresent4 years一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句句型：句型：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞。We have lived in Beijing.He has lived in Beijing.I have finished my homework.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句句型：句型
3、：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分過(guò)去分詞詞 I have not seen the movie yet.He hasnt been to Beijing since thenI/They/We/You have arrived.He/She/It has Have you.?Has he.?Yes,I have Yes,he has.No,I havent.No,he hasnt.has not=hasnt have not=havent the past particles of some verbs most verbs Irregular verbs Infinitive P
4、ast particle Infinitive Past particletraveltravelledcomecomevisitvisitedseeseenlivelivedbebeenmissmissedgivegivenlandlandedwritewrittenmovemovedmakemadelearnlearnedputputMaking sentencesMr.Wu asks the students to complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense.Help them complete the sen
5、tences.1.They_(go)to the cinema already.2.Mr And Mrs.Li _(not come)back yet.3.John_(be)to the USA a few times.4.We _(not see)that film yet5.I _(not talk)to my cousin since last Friday.6.You _(not visit)me for a long time.have gonehave not comehas beenhave not seenhave not talkedhave not visited3.現(xiàn)在完
6、成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句句型句型 Have/Has+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞+.Have you finished the work?Has she arrived here?4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句句型句型 特殊疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分過(guò)去分詞詞+.How many times have you been to the Great Wall?Chat timeMillie and Sandy are talking about a film about Hong Kong.Complete their conversatio
7、n.Use the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.M:_ you _(see)any films recently,Sandy?S:No,I _.What about you?M:Yes,I _(see)one.S:What is it about?M:I _(forget)the title.Its about Hong Kong.Haveseenhaventhave seenhave forgottenS:_ your cousin _(go)with you?M:No,he _.He _(be)very busy this week
8、.S:Did you enjoy this film?M:Yes,I did.I _(learn)a lot about Hong Kongs past and present._ you _(visit)Hong Kong before?S:No,I _.But I have heard about Hong Kongs new airport.Didgodidnthas beenhave learntHavevisitedhaventM:Do you know how long it has in service.S:No,I dont.M:Let me tell you.It_(be)i
9、n service since 1998.S:Oh,so it was one year after Hong Kongs return to China!M:Yes.You must go and watch that film if you want to learn more about Hong Kong.has been表示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞表示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞一、一、since短語(yǔ)或從句表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)短語(yǔ)或從句表示過(guò)去的動(dòng) 作延續(xù)至今，作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn)之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn)。Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.1984年以來(lái)，
10、史密斯先生一直在這工作。年以來(lái)，史密斯先生一直在這工作。Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.他上大學(xué)以來(lái)大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。他上大學(xué)以來(lái)大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。二、二、for短語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)短語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí) 間，間，for的賓語(yǔ)為時(shí)間段。的賓語(yǔ)為時(shí)間段。We have known each other for twenty years.我們認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年了。我們認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年了。I havent seen her for a long time.我好久沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到她了。三、三、just,recen
11、tly是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，just now 有有a moment ago 之意，是之意，是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。The train has just arrived.火車剛到?；疖噭偟?。Did you see Joan just now?你剛才看到瓊了嗎？你剛才看到瓊了嗎？Have you heard from your family lately/recently?你最近收到家人的來(lái)信了嗎？你最近收到家人的來(lái)信了嗎？四、四、ever和和never也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。前者意思是見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。前者意思是“曾曾經(jīng)經(jīng)”，多見(jiàn)于疑問(wèn)句
12、或否定句中；，多見(jiàn)于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中；后者意思是后者意思是“從來(lái)沒(méi)有從來(lái)沒(méi)有”，表示全，表示全部否定。部否定?！癏ave you ever seen the film?”“No.I have never seen it.”“你曾經(jīng)看過(guò)這部影片嗎？你曾經(jīng)看過(guò)這部影片嗎？”“沒(méi)有，沒(méi)有，從來(lái)沒(méi)從來(lái)沒(méi)看過(guò)?？催^(guò)。”Nobody in our class has ever been there.我我們班沒(méi)有人去過(guò)那。們班沒(méi)有人去過(guò)那。五、五、already和和yet常見(jiàn)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，有中，有“已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”之意。前者一般用之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑問(wèn)句中。在肯定句中，后者用在
13、疑問(wèn)句中。yet在否定句中有在否定句中有“還還”之意。之意?！癏as the bus left yet”?“Yes.It has already left.”(“No.It hasnt left yet.)“汽車開(kāi)走了嗎？汽車開(kāi)走了嗎？”“是的，已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。是的，已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了?！薄安?，還沒(méi)有開(kāi)走。不，還沒(méi)有開(kāi)走。”六、六、“already”用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中,“yet”用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句和疑問(wèn)句中用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句和疑問(wèn)句中.用用“already”“yet”填空。填空。He has()visited many places in China.注意注意 already 在句中的兩種位置在句中的兩種位置.The train hasnt arrived（）.火車（到現(xiàn)在）還沒(méi)有到?；疖嚕ǖ浆F(xiàn)在）還沒(méi)有到。Has she arrived （）?她已經(jīng)到了嗎？她已經(jīng)到了嗎？Hasnt he come（）?她還沒(méi)來(lái)嗎？她還沒(méi)來(lái)嗎？alreadyyet yet yetHomework Review what you learnt today.
牛津譯林版英語(yǔ)八下Unit 1 Past and Present(Grammar)課件
