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The molding tool CAD gathers the technique
-----K.P. Rao and K. Sivarani; J. Mater. Proc.Technol., 1993, vol. 37, pp.295-318.
Contents brief summary: Pass to analyze the calculator the assistance inject the mold design with make in the each link commonly shared of technique with inl'oimation. this text announces to public lo inject the mold CAD gathers technical and basic content, and the research heat that put forward it orders with trend.
preface
The molding tool CAD gathers the technique is an important molding tool forerunner manufacturing technique, is the item reforms with the high technique traditional technical and important key in molding tool technique. From 6 5 plan beginning,Our country contain many molding tools business enterprise adoption CAD technique, especially recent years, the technical application in CAD is more and more widespread with thorough, shortened consumedly molding tool design period,Increases to make the mold quantity with the manufacturing ability that complicated molding tool.However, gather to the molding tool CAD because of many business enterprises technique cognition shortage, investment lake Ihe blindness, can"t produce result nicely, Result in very big and wasted.This text gathers for the plastics molding tool CAD technique and its applications announce some standpoint, provide everybody consults.
1，the plastics molding tool CAD gathers technique
The manufacturing of the plastics molding tool comtains the construction design of the shape design, molding tool and the number of the analysis, molding tools that includc the plastics products control to proccss( PI—，clcctricity process, the line incises etc.), throw the light with go together with to try the mold and take shape manufacturing etc. quickly.The each link a CAD for involving unit tcchniquc has:The shape design( CAD) with the construction, fast anti of the product shape beg( RE), construction analysis with excellent turn the design( CAE), lend support to the manufacturing( CAM) and process the process conjecture imitate true( SIMULATION), product and molding tools take shape( RP) quickly, assistance craft process( CAPP) wilh product data management technique(PDM) etc..The plastics molding tool CAD gathers lechniquejs to gather plastics molding tool manufacturing process a various units for involving technique get up, unify the database to deliver the format with the document, realize the information gather share with the data resources, from but shorten the design manufacturing period of the molding tool consumcdlyjncrcases to make the mold quantity.
2，Ihe CAD design of. the plaslics product begs with fast anli of the shape
The plastics molding tool llial proceed Ihe square one designs the manufacturing is Ihe design of the EU a product.The traditional product design method is a design to product of ihree Hs conceive outline to use two H plane chart papers expresses to come out’ marking clearly the crafl and starling construction the method on ihe diagram paper, hod comes to a decision the simple of a design sketch and can”ts control to make the quantity directly.The modem design method is a design establish the product directly on the computer of three the model of f，,According to the product three models proceed the molding tool construction the design and excellent turn the design,Design according to the molding tool construction again three H models proceed to process to weave the distance and establishment crafts plan.This kind of method makes product model design, molding tool construction design, proccss to weave distance and technological designs regard a data as the foundation, realizing the data sharc.Can not only increases to design the efficiency quickly, but also can guarantee the quantity, decline low cost, a product model has three kinds of:Making use of the CAD system software proceeds the product model the design and make use of the real objcct measures fast anti in proceeding beg to set up the mold and make use of the standard format document of the other the system of CAD.Source method that aim at these three kinds of products model,Have studied every kind of technique now to the design efficiency that increases product model with quantity.The underneath further analyzes every kind of technical content with the characteristics.Making use of the CAD system software proceeds the product model design.Its technique includes
primarily two Hs are several why Ihe sketch draws’ Iwo the parameter of I->s lum the design of the sketch, three H entity shape design, ihree H characteristic shape design，three the parameter ofHs (urn the entity shape the design, ihree H curved face shape design, free shape in space design, the external appearance ctc..These softwarcscs contain many typical representativcs.Two the software of I->s have:ME 10, CADKEY, AUTOCAD, DHCAD, Genis, ctc. ol Sigraph; three the software of l-?s have:UGIl，PRO/ E, IDEAS, CATTA, etc. of EUCLID: free shape in product and advertise the software of the design have:Alias, etc. of CDRS.Two Hs are several why the sketch draws is to make use of the flat surface CAD software draw the spare parts sketch, then replace the handicraft painting with the calculator: but two the parameter of Hs turn,Then the calculator realizes the sketch changes the deal designs, making modification more convenient; three H shape designs is a true shape that the product that the arithmelic figure turn design, it expressed completely product,Can be further to designs for the molding tool, analysis wilh processes ihe malheinatics model of Ihe necessity of offering; the free shape in space design is the arl of the product shape to design, making product been not only is a function product, but also art article’ll is every kind of need thal the external appearance of the product exaggerate that product of the result designs, making product more beautiful, the color can attract people more; the dynamic advertisement design of the product is a result that design to make to promote the advertisement directly the product，Proceed the market expansion. It is an important technique that product imitate the type foundation go forward a line of the product modification designs.Its basic principle is to passes three coordinateses measure the machine, laser measure machine or electronicses copy the few 6^ to proceed to scan the diagraph to the real objcct.Thc data of large quantity that arithmetic figure turn that gets to measures the acquisition orders anti that send into the high class CAD software beg mold piece or appropriative anti beg the software inside, anti beg the software can read dircctly a data clustcr.Combining can procecd the editor, filter，tidy up, beg the 3A? to a data cluster, row prcface. part modification and reorganization, then automatic born curved t'accjt is end to acquire together the real object precision is consistent of or computer EU a product model that pass through reforms.This way can increases biggest new product design velocity .Current mature curved face anti beg to set up the mold software has: SuHacer’The CAD technique exchanges of the molding tool business enterprise with cooperate to have many pass the CAD document method proceed.Because the CAD system category is more, therefore documentary format must follow Ihe international standard,Such as the DXF. IGES，STEP, VDA. etc. ofSTL.Pass to read standard format document to establish directly or establish the product model after modifying, since can quickly, deepen the customer and the exchanges of the molding tool factory house,Also can shorten the product the design the period.
3，the CAD design of the molding tool and analysis
The CAD design of the molding tool, analysisjncludc to divide the type, ccrtain type Q? according to the product model molding tool of proceeding the design with the type D3A，molding tool structural and detailed design, the plastics 3a fills process analysis etc. a few aspects.Make use of the advanced characteristic shape software,such as PRO/ E, ctc. of UGIT, the very easily ccrtain dividing the typc,Bom top and bottom mold with mold D3A . then the proceeding flows a way. sprinkle a people and cool off the pipe line of arrange etc..Made sure these designses data hereafter, then make use of the molding tool analysis software, Proceed such as ihe MOLDFLOW，CFLOW the plastics take shape the process nalysis.According to the software of MOLDFOLW with it of the material, craft database of plentifulness, pass the importation take shape the craft parameter.Can the development imitate the true analysis plastics to inject in note EU mold Q? the process flows the circumstance( the plastics with sprinkle a people more inject remits lo (low ihe analysis of \/E ), analyze the temperature pressure variety circumstance and analyze to note EU a ^ remaining should dint etc.’According to analyze the circumstance to the rationality that check the molding tool construction, flow quantity problem etc. of the rationality, product of ihe appearance.For example whether the esse sprinkles to note the system nol reasonable, appear to flow way with sprinkle a position size not appropriate,Can”t equilibrium alive with type Q? ; whether to exsit product construction absurdity or molding tool constructions or not is not reasonable, appearing the product 3ii dissatist1ed( namely short shoot the phenomenon): whether to cool off asymmetry or nol, the influence produces the efficiency with product quantity:Whether the esse notes Che craft of EU wrong, appear the song of 0 of the product transform etc..The molding tool passes the CAD the design with analyze, can dissolve mistake at design the stage, increase to try once the mold the success the ratc.At plastics molding tool design with analyze to apply many new computer-aideds technique this stage, if the parameter turns technique, haracteristic shape technique, database technique etc..There is many standards piece in ihe plastics molding tool Turn such as the standard mold a parameter tor outing organization, sprinkling noting system, cooling syslem...elc. can adopting basing on database managing ihe characterislic shape design method proceed the design or establish the standard a i.a，like this since can realize the data share,Can satisfy the customer again to the at any time modifying of the design，make the design analysis of the molding tool fast, accurate, t'ticiently.The parameter turns the characteristic shape can not only describe the product completely then several why sketch information,And can acquire accuracy, material and assemble etc. informations of the product, its a product for establishing model is a kind of apting to handle and can reflect design intention with proccss the model of the charactcristic.ThcrcforcThc parameter turns the characteristic shape technique is an one of the most important tcchniquc in proccss in manufacturing in molding tools.
4，the technical application in CAM of the molding tool
process lo imitate true and manufacluringThe calculator assistance inanuracturing( CAM) technique of ihe molding tool applies primarily in the aspects of counting to control &Iu processing, line incising to process, electricity spark processing to wait.The technique of CAM rises in the type ， type of the complicated molding tool and the PI-r of the electrodes process particularly more important function.Its main technique characteristics includes:( 1) the "O，3A? processes Che knife have the track excellent to turn the programming with the instruction of NC creation,(2) the knife has the category, characteristic to establish with the material ，(3) slicing the 1+ process the craft parameter to really settlc，(4)The commonness slices the t-r to slice with the high speed the characteristic that 1+ proccss controls,(5) over slice the check with proccss the superficial accuracy control,(6) processing the computer entity of the process imitate the realistic T+，(7) The computer control number controls the technique of DNC and dusters of the machine bed control the technical and applied etc..Need the CAD specially in technical application in CAM three I-? product model data.More profession computer plait distance software.such as MASTERCAM. UNTMOD, etc. of CIMATRON，when the plait distance of
many curved faces processes have the higher request to the curved face model
of the productJnlend wilh the high accuracy of the curved face to match such as the directional consistency, curved face in U, V of the close together curved face, inclined rate in curved face continuous variety etc..In high class CAD/ the integral whole of CAM turn system，（ such as UGII, PRO/ E)
Because making use oi, the parameter lums the characteristic shape design with same database technique, making ihe type (^? of ihe product model data, molding tool have the track data to have got the inside contact with the type model data, knit'e,The modification knife of the product model has the track to also modify autoinatically.The molding tool processes the entity imitates the true tcchniquc more and more mature, also is more and more valued by people.lt is mimicry machine bed that processing the entity imitate process Ihe process on Che computer, can keep the result that view reflect process，Can takes the gauge of directly quantity that after processing spare parts, can check the mistake that proccss.At check quantity that after processing spare parts, can at the computer is last to process behind of the entity model proceeds the aleatoric ^EE slices,Measure its size directly with the accuracy .Therefore, it can dissolve mistake at process the stage of craft plait distance design, reduce to repair after processing with return the work, increases consumedly the manufacturing efficiency of the molding tool with quantity.
5, plastics product and its molding tools take shape the manufacturing quickly
Plastics product and its molding tools use the computer CAD technique design after completing, can pass the fleetness take shape the technique make.This is the manufacturing tcchniquc of a kind of all new concept. It abandoned the traditional machinc processes the mcthod.Its take shape principle is three H CAD entity models are long-lost set up a series of a layer data of. the thickness, make use of the laser take shape machine or others take shape the equipments read these datas,Increase the method technique with the material, pile up the each layer to take shape one by one in order .This tcchniquc calls the fleetness to take shape the technique automatically.( Rapid Prototype)It is also a CAD to gather the technical importance constitutes the part.
The first pedestal takes shape the equipments quickly to bear in the United States a company in 1987. bccausc of its characteristics is to has nothing to do with the complicated degree of the product of the manufacturing, bringing the manufacturing industry the enormous vibration.Hcnccforth decade,Take shape quickly the technique be tlown to develop soon, the category ol' the equipments also piles up one after another,Turn from the material 'I the method can is divided into the laser with not the laser burns the knot method( SLS), solid surface layer shape method( SGC), layer a manufacturing method( LOM) and melt to sink to accumulate the method( FDM), district constituency glues the knot method( DSPC)，laser spirit to sink to accumulate method( SALD) etc. mutually.Eveiy kind of method characteristics is:The method of SLA is applied at the earliest stage of took shape the technique quickly, the early market occupied the bigger cent sum, but is narrow because of the material scope, the cost is higher, taking shape the piece was heal-proof and bore the burlhen wilh applied color the ability low,The recent years was gradually replaced by the other method.The method of FDM because of taking shape Ihe speed quick, the cost is low. gel the good application in plastics product profession, because the size of the spare parts is small, accuracy bad?Also suffer certainly of restrict.The method of LOM because of adoption paper or is outline edge that thin slice plastics, the cost is low, and the laser projects light upon each layer only, as a result Cake shape the speed quick,But the product surface quantity is bad.The method of SLS proceeds to burn the knot with the laser, adoptive material than wide, if ihe plastics, A" anticipates, porcelain and ceramics, metals etc. all can take shape, taking shape the piece is heat-proof and bear the burthen with apply color the ability strongcr.Havc the extensive and applied forcground.The other method also gets the application in some spccial kinds proccss.
According to above take shape the method characteristics, take shape the technical function quickly to consist in primarily:The manufacturing useds for the design with the on trial product model, make to used for the small the molding tool that batch quantity produce to proccss with the special spare parts in small batch quantity .Take shape the product model of the tcchniquc manufacturing quickly in the aspccts of material the ratio tradition processes the product model of the method manufacturing has the difference. But in shape and sizes almost complete similar, and there is ccrtain machine strength, can make the function experimcnL handles through surfacc at the same time, looking similar to true product,Can advertise the propaganda material.Take shape the
molding tool of the technique manufacturing quickly,Is a soft material to take shape the mold( the mold of A' ，wreath oxygen resin mold, *e rubber mold, low EU orders the metal alloy casts mold etc.) primarily to synthesize the hard type in material mold with porcelain and ceramics or metals ?us now.Hard mold in manul'acturing the hour can take shape with the Heetness ihe spare parts makes the female die，Creale first the soft mold between wreath oxygen resin mold or other material, sprinkle to note porcelain and ceramics or gypsum molds in sofl mold, then sprinkle ihe steel of Oy steel mold; or sprinkle the admixture that note in soft mold chemistry contain steel powder glue knol,Proceed lo bum to become ihe steel mold.Take shape the steel mold of ihe technique manufacturing quickly to process after needing further did to throw light etc., make into the small batch quantity produce of note the mold of ￡0 .Because the molding tool sprinkles to note or bum the knot with the steel powder but,Material and common molding tool steel contain certain margin, therefore, the life span is shorter, cans make to manufacture on a trial basis product or small batch quantities produce.Moreover, taking shape the technique quickly can also manufacture the spccial spare parts,If make with the metallurgy powder legal system the metals elcctrodc. niccty cast the legal system makes the coppcr clcctrodc, ND mold legal system makes graphite elcctrodc ctc..
Take shape the technique creation molding tool quickly to model the equipments with the product，all is STL to read CAD system creation or CLI etc document format datas. Different document format data to the product accuracy of the crcation contain bigger margin, therefore, study the system of CAD to lake shape quickly the document format of the equipments output to have the very important meaning.
6, the molding tool CAD gathers technical development trend
A calculator 1'or saying, molding tool CAD gathering lechnique is applying in molding tool making each link assistance technique on the xU with each link information that realizes the technique gathers.Obviously,The information gathers unity with data the management is a key.The information of the product is to pierces through in the design, analyze, process, examine, assemble a stage,Fluency, solution data format that realizes each link information standarclizes and the data maintenance is a point with future CAD that share togather technique development.The system of PDM emergence is to resolve this problem brought