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編號
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）
相關(guān)資料
題目： 橡膠切割機的改進設(shè)計
信機 系 機械工程及自動化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號： 0923810
學(xué)生姓名： 曹菊菊
指導(dǎo)教師： 陳偉明 （職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）開題報告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計劃、進度、檢查及落實表”
四、實習(xí)鑒定表
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）
開題報告
題目： 橡膠切割機的改進設(shè)計
信機 系 機械工程及自動化 專業(yè)
學(xué) 號： 0923810
學(xué)生姓名： 曹菊菊
指導(dǎo)教師： 陳偉明（職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2012年11月25日
課題來源
本論文課題是由社會實際生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用中提出
科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢；應(yīng)用前景等）
（1）課題科學(xué)意義
中國是一個有上下五千年歷史的文明古國，從原始的石器時代到金屬時代，我們偉大的祖先就進行了簡單的機械加工，但是在當(dāng)時的生產(chǎn)條件下，其生產(chǎn)效率都是非常低下的，隨著時代的發(fā)展，人們在想方設(shè)法改善自己的生存條件和生活水平，正是由于這點，促進了機械方面的飛速發(fā)展，人們正朝著一個效率更高，成本更低，更加方便化的方向發(fā)展。隨著社會、經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，企業(yè)要在當(dāng)前市場需求多變、競爭激烈的環(huán)境中生存和發(fā)展就需要迅速地更新企業(yè)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備與技術(shù)條件以高效、快速的進行生產(chǎn)加工以獲得最高生產(chǎn)率。其中橡膠制品的需求和應(yīng)用越來越廣泛，比如汽車工業(yè)中的輪胎。因此橡膠切割機的開發(fā)和改進漸漸被國家和許多企業(yè)提上日程。而我國由于在這方面起點比較低，在國際社會處于比較落后的位置，以前橡膠切割機大多需要從國外進口。隨著近幾年來需求越來越大，我們急需改變這種狀況?？上驳氖牵F(xiàn)在我國切割機生產(chǎn)廠家也漸漸多了起來，相信在不久的將來，我們就會實現(xiàn)在橡膠切割行業(yè)完全依靠自己的目標。本課題就是從這里出發(fā)，根據(jù)已經(jīng)有的資料，對橡膠切割機進行改進，達到更方便可用的目的。橡膠切割機是一種常用的機械裝置，它體積小，重量輕，簡單而使用廣泛，能方便的移動使用。以前大都依靠日本進口。隨著國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展，橡膠切割機的事業(yè)日益增大。更需要一種替代產(chǎn)品。
（2）切割行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展前景
我國切割行業(yè)主要有以下幾類生產(chǎn)企業(yè)組成1、門式切割機；2、小車式切割機及割嘴；3、等離子切割電源及割嘴；4、手工焊割炬及焊割嘴等。切割行業(yè)經(jīng)過幾十年的發(fā)展，其產(chǎn)品從單一的手工割炬發(fā)展成為一個門類較為齊全的產(chǎn)業(yè)。近年來，我國門式數(shù)控切割機生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的發(fā)展尤為迅速。
切割行業(yè)的發(fā)展始終與金屬制造企業(yè)（特別是造船業(yè)）發(fā)展是分不開的，通過與這些企業(yè)的緊密合作和技術(shù)交流，給我們切割行業(yè)，帶來了許多不同的生產(chǎn)理念和富有挑戰(zhàn)性的經(jīng)驗和技術(shù)。現(xiàn)代金屬制造企業(yè)為了優(yōu)化其產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)性能，使得產(chǎn)品更經(jīng)濟，生產(chǎn)周期更短，在國際市場上更具競爭力。這就必須對其原有的制造技術(shù)和生產(chǎn)工藝提出新的設(shè)想和要求，部分設(shè)想和要求將要在切割設(shè)備上得以實現(xiàn)。這樣就對我們切割行業(yè)提出了新的課題和新的設(shè)計理念
研究內(nèi)容
① 根據(jù)提供的畢業(yè)設(shè)計資料理解設(shè)計要求，查閱相關(guān)中外資料。
② 確定橡膠切割機總體方案確定及總體設(shè)計。
③ 減速器與電動機的選擇與計算。
④ 主要零部件的計算和設(shè)計。
⑤ 閱讀和翻譯英文文獻。
⑥ 撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文。
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實驗方案及可行性分析
借閱相關(guān)書籍雜志，充分利用圖書館及網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源，分析工作原理，確定橡膠切割機的總體方案，結(jié)合自己所學(xué)的知識以及老師的指導(dǎo)，確定主要零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)及繪制出零件圖及裝配圖，最終按照要求，選用合適零部件，達到體積小，重量輕，簡單而使用方便移動的效果。
研究計劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計劃：
2012年11月12日-2012年1月20日：按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計開題報告書。
2013年1月21日-2013年3月5日：填寫畢業(yè)實習(xí)報告。
2013年3月6日-2013年3月14日：按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計開題報告。
2013年3月15日-2013年3月29日：學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計相關(guān)的英文材料。
2013年3月30日-2013年4月19日：總體方案設(shè)計，主要零部件的設(shè)計及計算。
2013年4月20日-2013年5月10日：零件圖、裝配圖的繪制和說明書相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
2013年5月11日-2013年5月25日：畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作。
預(yù)期成果：
以現(xiàn)有橡膠切割機材料為前提，對刀具、軸、齒輪等相關(guān)系統(tǒng)進行全面的設(shè)計分析。特別是對傳動裝置進行了改進。本文通過設(shè)計帶輪與減速機的配合連接達到精確的傳動比，實現(xiàn)橡膠的切割。希望在以后生產(chǎn)實際中能有作用。達到技術(shù)指標所規(guī)定要求，滿足實際工作需要，整機結(jié)構(gòu)簡單實用，滿足設(shè)計要求，工作時能盡量減少噪音，設(shè)備外形力求簡約且美觀。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
本設(shè)計中的減速器裝置并不是采用單獨的減速器，而是通過減速器與帶傳動的配合連接，實現(xiàn)安全保護作用，使切割機的按要求達到準確的切割速度。
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題
① 可以利用圖書館及網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源，已學(xué)過AUTOcad的基礎(chǔ)知識及相關(guān)軟件。
② 使用AUTOcad繪制三維圖有待提高。
指導(dǎo)教師意見
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名：
年 月 日
英文原文
Integration of machinery with electronics technology
Integration of machinery with electronics is one kind of compound technology, outcome , the inevitable trend being that industry of machinery and electronics develops being that the machinery technology interpenetrates with the microelectronics technology , IT.
Intersection and penetration that development of modern science and technology has driven to be unlike discipline tremendously, have aroused project field technical transformation and revolution. Integration of machinery with electronics formed by penetration developing Ji Qi because of the microelectronics technology and the computer art promptness to mechanical industry in mechanical engineering field ,enormous change happened in the technological makeup , product organization , function using mechanical industry with formation , mode of production and administrative system , make a commercial run stride from "machinery electrification " for the characteristic development stage to have entered "integration of machinery with electronics ".
One, integration of machinery with electronics key technology
Integration of machinery with electronics includes the software and hardware technology in two aspects. The hardware is to be composed of parts such as the machinery body , sensor , information processing element and drive element. Therefore, be to speed up pushing forward development of integration of machinery with electronics, aspect almost sets about be obliged to from the following.
⑴machinery body technology
The machinery body must comply with think about in several aspects such as improving a function , lightening mass and improving accuracy. Being that material gives first place to iron and steel like modern machinery product , should consider the compound material making use of a metalloid for lightening mass besides giving an improvement on structure. Only when the machinery body has lightened weight, be in the cards realizing minaturized driving system just now , then, improve fleetness respond to characteristic property , cut down energy consumption , the potentiation in controlling aspect.
(2) sensory technology
The sensor problem is concentrated on to improving reliability , sensitiveness and precision aspect , is improves reliability and is guards against a disturbance having direct relation. Disturb for avoiding an electricity , have a trend to adopt the fibre cable sensor's at present. To outside information sensor, develop must contact the type detecting technology at present mainly.
(3) information processing technology
Integration of machinery with electronics and the microelectronics notability are progressive , universal information processing equipment (computer especially in miniature) application is rapid and intense be linked together. Be to develop integration of machinery with electronics further, must raise the information processing equipment reliability, reliability, and then rise that the entering including model/ number conversion equipment reliability and time division treatment loses processes speed , resolve and anti-interference and normalizing problem.
(4) drive a technology
Are there exists a few problem in the electric motor as driving organization already by aspect such as adopt the fleetness respond to and efficiency, only depend on broadly. The servo developing the inside pretending to electric motor having coder and controlling special use module- sensor- electric motor Three-in-One's at present , in course of actively drives an element
(5) interface technology
Communicate by letter for being in progress with the computer , must use hereditary data form normalizing , standardization. Information delivery and the simplification be maintained, and can not only beneficial to adopt the same standard specification design an interface. At present, the technician is concentrating efforts on the serial interface developing low cost , high speed, problem such as coming to resolve signal cable being not get in touch with-rization , standardizing as well as the fibre optics glorifying lotus root implement high-capacity , minaturized.
(6) software engineering
The software and the hardware must develop fittingly. Develop cost for cutting down a software's , improve producing the efficiency being maintained,solidification ,the software engineering being carried out wanting the modularization , software program carrying out the software normalizing step by step , including the procedure standardized program, etc.
Two, integration of machinery with electronics technology main part applies a field
⑴numerical control machine tool
Numerical control machine tool and the corresponding numerical control technology after development for 40 , prompt rise of It both , concrete behaviour are around on structure , function , operation and under the control of accuracy:
1, the highway is dyadic , modular , compact the type structure , be to adopt many C PU , many host highway system structure.
2, the sex opening to the outside world designs , the be that the hardware system structure and the function module have arrangement of ideas , compatibility , in keeping with interface standard , energy high limit field improve consumer sigmatism beneficial result.
3, WOP technology and intellectualized. System can provide the programming technology being geared to the needs of workshop and realize two , San wei processes the process development simulating, and the introduction waits for intelligence mechanism under the control of in gleam, diagnosing , mixing up.
4, high-capacity memory application and the software modularization design, not only having enriched the numerical control function, have reinforced at the same time also the systematic C N C control function.
5, can realize much process , multichannel controls, be that damaged detecting , material flitting , machine hand etc. are under the control of all integrated have one machine tool accomplishing many independent treating missions or the cutter controlling many platforms and various machine tool ability, and will at the same time go to system middle. Systematic multistep network function
6, the ability having reinforced system combination and having composed complicated treating systematically. 7, is a controlling machine with single-board , monolithic machine , is composed of the compact structure numerical control device plus special use chip and form board.
(2) Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS)
The CIMS realization is not that now having every disperses systematic simple combination, but is optimum overall situation development synthesis. It breaks the boundary line between original branch , comes to control "logistics " and "information stream " taking making as backbone , realizes the union developing , producing organic prepare an experiment , producing to production management control from managerial decisionmaking , the product. Enterprise integration level rise can make the allocation between various essential productive factors get the much better optimization , various essential productive factors potential can get bigger bringing into play.
(3) flexibility fabrication system (FMS)
Flexibility fabrication system is computerized fabrication system , is expected that checking , carrying voluntarily the handcart and the automatic warehouse and so on is composed of by computer , numerical control machine tool , robot mainly. It can random , the real time field, demands according to measuring field according to assembling a branch's, produce whose any ability range inner workpiece , especially be suitable for many breeds , small and medium batches , design are changed frequently straggling part batch manufacturing.
(4) industry robot
The 1st also says instructions religion reproduces a robot on behalf of a robot , they can only repeat motion according to instructions religion go along , the change to the work environment and the school assignment marriage partner is short of adaptability and flexibility; The 2nd replaces a robot as well as having the sensory various advanced component , can gain the school assignment environment and simple operation marriage partner information , pass the computer treatment , analysis , make the certain judgement out, the feedback being in progress to action controls , shows vulgar intelligence, already start make for pragmatic-rization; 3rd acting robot is an intelligence robot , has various perception function, may carry out the complicated logical thinking , judge and make policy, action being independent in school assignment environment, computer relation is close with 5th generation.
Three, integration of machinery with electronics technology development prospect
Make a general observation of home and abroad integration of machinery with electronics present situation and the high and new technology development trend, integration of machinery with electronics will develop to several the following direction.
⑴intellectualized
Intellectualized one of the main distinction being that integration of machinery with electronics and tradition machinery automate, is also 21 centuries integration of machinery with electronics development direction. That processor speed rise prepares PC high-performance , sensor systematically integration-rization and intelligence Hua Wei implants intelligence control algolithm over the past few years, has been creating condition , has been driving the integration of machinery with electronics product to develop to intellectualized direction forcefully. The intelligence integration of machinery with electronics product can simulate human being intelligence , have some kind of degree judgement reasonings , logical thinking and the ability making policy autonomously, part mental work replacing the manufacturing engineering go-between thereby.
(2) systematization
One of the systematization performance characteristic is that system system structure adopt the open type and the hipping highway structure further. System can be nimble forming state , be in progress arbitrarily pruning composes in reply combination , explores at the same time to realize much subsystem coordination under the control of and general management. Two of performance characteristic is communication function greatly sharpening, the part network realizing long-range and many system in general except that R S232 waits for communication way in common use, communicating by letter networking needing is being adopted gradually. Future integration of machinery with electronics attaches importance to the product and people's relation especially , intelligence , emotion , human nature how to give to an integration of machinery with electronics product with person look like growing in importance. That the integration of machinery with electronics product may study some kind of new model airframe according to a little good living things body structure, makes the person develop towards living things systematization direction.
(3) miniaturization
Minitype integration of machinery with electronics system has fused highly the tiny machinery technology , microelectronics technology and software engineering, are a new development direction of integration of machinery with electronics. And the geometry calling a microelectronics machinery system abroad does not exceed 1 cm like the dimension 3, the forward direction micron , nanometer level direction develop. System has volume characteristics such as small , consuming to be able to small , move nimbly since the PC electricity unifies, space and the meticulous operation being in progress easily may enter general machinery having no way to enter, have vastly applying a prospect therefore national defence waits for a field and even in aeronautics and astronautics , IT , industry and agriculture biomedicine,. Etching technology in at present, making use of a semiconductor device to create process , the machinery component already make out of Asia micron level in the laboratory.
(4) modularization
Modularize a developing trend being also an integration of machinery with electronics product , be important but arduous one project. Since integration of machinery with electronics product kind and the turn out manufacturer are numerous, developing and developing the integration of machinery with electronics product element having standard machinery interface , electricity interface , driving force interface , information interface is complicated but important one thing , it needs to work out a series of standard , matching and interface for the purpose of every component , element. The integration of machinery with electronics product produces enterprise but makes use of the prompt exploitation of standard element new product, can expand the scale of giving birth to a child unceasingly at the same time also.
(5) beta-network-rization
Network technology's development has significant effect at full speed to integration of machinery with electronics , make the person develop to network-rization direction. Integration of machinery with electronics product kind many, the way being geared to the needs of network is neither same. The long-range under the control of and surveillance technology popularizing, owing to network various since network are in the ascendant , long-range under the control of end instrument is an integration of machinery with electronics product but perse.
(6) green-rization
Matter enriches developed industry messenger people , the comfortable at the same time living also makes resource fall off, the ecological environment is contaminated gravely , green product arises at the historic moment thereupon. Green-rization trend being a times, whose target is in the life cycle use entireness that the product handles from designing that , making , packing , transporting , being put into use to being declared worthless , to ecological environment nothing damage or damage is minimal , resource utilization ratio is extremely high. Integration of machinery with electronics product's green-rization not contaminating an ecological environment when being to point to usage mainly, the energy reclaim makes use of when being declared worthless. Green manufacturing industry is a modern manufacturing industry sustainable development pattern. To sum up ,integration of machinery with electronics is the crystal that a lot of science and technology develops , is that social productive forces develops the necessity call for arriving at the certain stage. It urges mechanical industry occurrence strategy transforming, make tradition machinery design method and revolutionary character change being designing that the concept happens. Not only the new generation of strive to develop integration of machinery with electronics product, being to reform tradition machinery equipment call for, and be to drive machinery to replace the older generations of products by new ones and to open up the frontier , the only way developing and vitalizing mechanical industry.
中文譯文
機電一體化技術(shù)
機電一體化是一種混合技術(shù),是機械技術(shù)與微電子技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)互相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物,是機電工業(yè)發(fā)展的必然趨勢。
現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展大大地推動了不同學(xué)科的交流,引起了工程領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)改造與革命。在機械工程領(lǐng)域,由于微電子技術(shù)和計算機技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展及其向機械工業(yè)的滲透所形成的機電一體化,使機械工業(yè)的技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品機構(gòu)、功能與構(gòu)成、生產(chǎn)方式及管理體系發(fā)生了巨大變化,使工業(yè)生產(chǎn)由“機械電氣化”邁入了“機電 一體化”為特征的發(fā)展階段。
一、機電一體化的核心技術(shù)
機電一體化包括軟件和硬件兩方面技術(shù)。硬件是由機械本體、傳感器、信息處理單元和驅(qū)動單元等部分組成。因此,為加速推進機電一體化的發(fā)展,必須從以下幾方面著手。
⑴ 機械本體技術(shù)
機械本體必須從改善性能、減輕質(zhì)量和提高精度等幾方面考慮?，F(xiàn)代機械產(chǎn)品一般都是以鋼鐵材料為主,為了減輕質(zhì)量除了在結(jié)構(gòu)上加以改進,還應(yīng)考慮利用非金屬復(fù)合材料。只有機械本體減輕了重量,才有可能實現(xiàn)驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的小型化,進而在控制方面改善快速響應(yīng)特性,減少能量消耗,提高效率。
⑵ 傳感技術(shù)
傳感器的問題集中在提高可靠性、靈敏度和精確度方面,提高可靠性與防干擾有著直接的關(guān)系。為了避免電干擾,目前有采用光纖電纜傳感器的趨勢。對外部信息傳感器來說，目前主要發(fā)展非接觸型檢測技術(shù)。
⑶ 信息處理技術(shù)
機電一體化與微電子學(xué)的顯著進步、信息處理設(shè)備(特別是微型計算機)的普及應(yīng)用緊密相連。為進一步發(fā)展機電一體化,必須提高信息處理設(shè)備的可靠性,包括模/數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換設(shè)備的可靠性和分時處理的輸入輸?shù)目煽啃?進而提高處理速度,并解決抗干擾及標準化問題。
⑷ 驅(qū)動技術(shù)
電機作為驅(qū)動機構(gòu)已被廣泛采用,但在快速響應(yīng)和效率等方面還存在一些問題。目前，正在積極發(fā)展內(nèi)部裝有編碼器的電機以及控制專用組件-傳感器-電機三位一體的伺服驅(qū)動單元。
⑸ 接口技術(shù)
為了與計算機進行通信,必須使數(shù)據(jù)傳遞的格式標準化、規(guī)格化。接口采用同一標準規(guī)格不僅有利于信息傳遞和維修, 而且可以簡化設(shè)計。目前,技術(shù)人員正致力于開發(fā)低成本、高速串行的接口,來解決信號電纜非接觸化、光導(dǎo)纖維以及光藕器的大容量化、小型化、標準化等問題。
⑹ 軟件技術(shù)
軟件與硬件必須協(xié)調(diào)一致地發(fā)展。為了減少軟件的研制成本,提高生產(chǎn)維修的效率,要逐步推行軟件標準化,包括程序標準化、程序模塊化、軟件程序的固化、推行軟件工程等。
二、機電一體化技術(shù)的主要應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域
⑴數(shù)控機床
數(shù)控機床及相應(yīng)的數(shù)控技術(shù)經(jīng)過40年的發(fā)展,在結(jié)構(gòu)、功能、操作和控制精度上都有迅速提高,具體表現(xiàn)在:
1、總線式、模塊化、緊湊型的結(jié)構(gòu),即采用多C PU、多主總線的體系結(jié)構(gòu)。
2、開放性設(shè)計,即硬件體系結(jié)構(gòu)和功能模塊具有層次性、兼容性、符合接口標準,能最大限度地提高用戶的使用效益。
3、W O P技術(shù)和智能化。系統(tǒng)能提供面向車間的編程技術(shù)和實現(xiàn)二、三維加工過程的動態(tài)仿真,并引入在線診斷、模糊控制等智能機制。
4、大容量存儲器的應(yīng)用和軟件的模塊化設(shè)計,不僅豐富了數(shù)控功能,同時也加強了C N C系統(tǒng)的控制功能。
5、能實現(xiàn)多過程、多通道控制,即具有一臺機床同時完成多個獨立加工任務(wù)或控制多臺和多種機床的能力,并將刀具破損檢測、物料搬運、機械手等控制都集成到系統(tǒng)中去。
6、系統(tǒng)的多級網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能,加強了系統(tǒng)組合及構(gòu)成復(fù)雜加工系統(tǒng)的能力。
7、以單板、單片機作為控制機,加上專用芯片及模板組成結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的數(shù)控裝置。
⑵計算機集成制造系統(tǒng)(CIMS)
CIMS的實現(xiàn)不是現(xiàn)有各分散系統(tǒng)的簡單組合,而是全局動態(tài)最優(yōu)綜合。它打破原有部門之間的界線,以制造為基干來控制“物流”和“信息流”,實現(xiàn)從經(jīng)營決策、產(chǎn)品開發(fā)、生產(chǎn)準備、生產(chǎn)實驗到生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營管理的有機結(jié)合。企業(yè)集成度的提高可以使各種生產(chǎn)要素之間的配置得到更好的優(yōu)化,各種生產(chǎn)要素的潛力
可以得到更大的發(fā)揮。
⑶柔性制造系統(tǒng)(FMS)
柔性制造系統(tǒng)是計算機化的制造系統(tǒng),主要由計算機、數(shù)控機床、機器人、料盤、自動搬運小車和自動化倉庫等組成。它可以隨機地、實時地、按量地按照裝配部門的要求,生產(chǎn)其能力范圍內(nèi)的任何工件,特別適于多品種、中小批量、設(shè)計更改頻繁的離散零件的批量生產(chǎn)。
⑷工業(yè)機器人
第1代機器人亦稱示教再現(xiàn)機器人,它們只能根據(jù)示教進行重復(fù)運動,對工作環(huán)境和作業(yè)對象的變化缺乏適應(yīng)性和靈活性;第2代機器人帶有各種先進的傳感元件,能獲取作業(yè)環(huán)境和操作對象的簡單信息,通過計算機處理、分析,做出一定的判斷,對動作進行反