考研英語長句

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1、1 .This success,coupled with later research showing that memory itself is notgenetically determined,led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is moreof a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.詞匯突破：cognitive認 知 的（后天習得的）I ntuitive 先天的和以上這組單詞概念相同的表達還有：Nature先天；nurture后天；born;先天的；made 后天的；i

2、nnate天生的；Acquired后天習得；Determine 決定Coupled w ith相當于and,想類似的表達還有along with;combinedwith 等。主干識別：句子的主語是This success和later research；謂語是led;賓語是Ericsson;不定式短語 to conclude 做狀語；主干結構是：this success and laterresearch led Ericsson to conclude that.其他成分：在research后面接一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語做后置定語，在這個現(xiàn)在分詞短語中that引導的從句做showing的賓語；在不定

3、式短語中that引導的從句做conclude的賓語；more.than結構翻譯為與其說，不如說。微觀解析：由于主語中的第二個并列成分比較長，且是用兩個逗號隔開的，在閱讀的時候可以跳讀；把This success和動詞led先連起來然后再來解析其他成分。譯文賞析：這種成功和后來表明記憶本身并不是先天決定的研究使愛立信總結道，記憶的行為與其說是一種先天的行為不如說是一種習得的行為。2.1t is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numericalpatterns suits one to ans

4、wer questions that have eluded some of the best poets andphilosophers.詞匯突破：visualize想象Figure o u t發(fā)現(xiàn)和找出Suits使適合主干識別：句子主語是由how引導的一個主語從句，it是句子的形式主語；句子主干為：How.is not obvious.在主語從句中主語是capacity,謂語是suits賓語是one;其他成分：狀語為t。answer主語后加上兩個動詞不定式做后置定語；動詞不定式中的賓語questions后面接一個that引導的定語從句。難點揭秘：這個句子是一個由形式主語it引導的主語從句，

5、其中難點為需要識別出主語從句中的動詞suits.譯文賞析：構思物體和找出數(shù)字模型的能力是如何讓一個人去回答那些連最好的詩人和哲學家都回避的問題的，這點我們還不是很清楚。3.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters,whether it s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.【詞匯突破】Toil through（辛苦的經(jīng)歷）名詞：Winston Churchill:Blood,Toil,Tears and Swe

6、at”（丘吉爾演講）sweat and toil（汗水和辛苦）He succeeded after years of toil.（他經(jīng)歷數(shù)年的辛勞之后成功了）SA T美國高考全稱為scholastic assessment test學術性評估測試testify 證實matter這里是動詞，重要；sth matters事情很重要；【主干識別】anyone為句子的主語，will testify為句子謂語，that引導一個賓語從句；【其他成分】that引導的賓語從句中test-taking skill為主語，matters做謂語,whether引導一個狀語從句【譯文賞析】任何一個曾經(jīng)辛苦的經(jīng)歷過SA

7、T考試的人都會證實考試的技巧也很重要，無論這種技巧是知道什么時候去猜還是知道什么問題應該跳過。造句 Anyone who has achieved the success to any extent will testify thatcooperation matters,whether its individuals willingness to cooperate or team workspirit of a group.4.During the past generation,the American middle-class family that once couldcount o

8、n hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has beentransformed by economic risk and new realities.【詞匯突破】count o n 依靠；fair play公平競爭 主干識別】the American middle-class family has been transformed 主干是主謂結構被動態(tài)；【其他成分】that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itselffinancially s

9、ecure 定語從句修飾 middle-class family；During the past generation和 by economic risk and new realities 做狀語；【微觀解析】the American middle-class family為句子主語，謂語是has beentransformed；During the past generation 和 by economic risk and new realities 為狀語；that引導一個定語從句，that在從句中做主語，謂語為could count o n,賓語為 hard work and fai

10、r play；to keep itself financially secure 為狀語?！倦y點揭秘】主語后接了較長的修飾成份使這個句子在閱讀時主干不容易把握。造成理解的困難?！咀g文賞析】在過去的20多年時間里，那些曾經(jīng)依靠辛勤工作和公平競爭就可以保證自己財政收支安全的美國中產(chǎn)階級家庭已經(jīng)被經(jīng)濟風險和新的現(xiàn)實所改變。（定語從句前置的翻譯方法來處理這個句子）5.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy,such as steering theeconomy to a soft landing or a touch on the b

11、rakes,makes it sound like a precisescience.Nothing could be further from the truth.【詞匯突破】steer指揮,控制precise精確的【主干識別】Much of the language makes it sound like precise science.主+謂+賓+賓補結構【其他成分】used to describe monetary policy過去分詞短語做后置定語修飾thelanguage；such as“steering the economy to a soft landing or a tou

12、ch on thebrakes”形容詞短語；形容詞短語做后置定語修飾the language0【難點揭秘】主語后接了較長的修飾成份使這個句子在閱讀時主干不容易把握。造成理解的困難。【譯文賞析】有很多用于描述貨幣政策的詞匯，例如 操縱經(jīng)濟軟著陸 或者 輕踩剎車，使貨幣政策聽起來像是一門精確的科學。沒有什么比這更遠離實際情況的了。（但這些說法是最不靠譜的，事情遠非如此用來表示強烈的反對這與i cannt agree with you more 有異曲同工之妙）【翻譯點撥】第二個句子的翻譯中可以使用正話反說的方法來進行翻譯，在肯定和否定之間進行轉換?？梢詤⒖枷旅娴膬蓚€例子：（1）An opportu

13、nity is not likely to repeat itself.機會難得。（2）Such things are of no rare occurrence.這些事情經(jīng)常發(fā)生?！咀魑摹坑糜谂g對方的時候就可以用：Nothing could be further from thetruth.6.On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that theassisted suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom

14、modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.【詞匯突破】agony痛苦despair 絕望prolong 延長【主干識別】many acknowledge that+賓 語 從 句（many作為代詞表示很多人，或者很多個體）【其他成分】On another level做狀語和in the medical community做定語；theassisted suicide debate has been ueled by the despair of patients 為賓語從句主干；微觀解析 in part 賓語從句中的狀語

15、，for whom modern medicine has prolongedthe physical agony of dying.定語從句修飾patients;定語從句還原為一個獨立的句子就是：Modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them.這個句子中的them和前面句子中的patients為相同名詞，因此在這里作者將其寫成了一個定語從句，但是在翻譯的時候是要分譯的。這句話在定語從句的前世和今生：suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair o

16、f patients.The modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them.（兩個句子中出現(xiàn)了共有的名詞patients和 them,于是them被換成了 whom；forwhom 一并提前。）【難點揭秘】同樣是隔離結構在閱讀的過程中給我們帶來不舒服的感覺，in part放到了 fueled 和 by 之間，in the medical community 放 至！J 了 many 和acknowledge 之間?！咀g文賞析】在另一個層面上，很多醫(yī)療界的人士承認，關于醫(yī)生幫助下的自殺的討論，部分是因為病人的絕

17、望情緒，對病人來說，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學已經(jīng)延長了死亡的生理的痛苦?！緦懽鳌縊n another level,many in the educational establishment acknowledge thatthe debate on the ranking of universities has been fueled in part by the despair ofgraduates for whom the discrimination brought by the ranking of university has putmore obstacles on their job hunt

18、ing way.7.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially ona mathematical or laboratory training,and can be illustrated in terms of thedevelopment of geology in the United kingdom.【詞匯突破】illustrate例證；interm sof根據(jù)，以為依據(jù)；主干識別】The trend was most obvious and can be illustr

19、ated.主系表結構兩個并列的動詞【其他成分】naturally,in those areas of science,in terms of the development ofgeology in the United kingdom 為狀語?！疚⒂^解析】based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training 修飾狀語中的名詞science做定語?！倦y點揭秘】naturally和especially副詞做狀語放的位置都不是在開頭和結尾,而是放在了中間部分，這樣給我們閱讀帶來一定的困擾，但是難點既亮點，我們在寫作的過程中就可以靈活的運

20、用：based especially on這樣的表達了?！咀g文賞析】很自然，這種趨勢會在尤以數(shù)學或實驗室訓練為基礎的自然學科領域中表現(xiàn)的最為明顯，并且可以用英國地質(zhì)學的發(fā)展作為例證來說明。【翻譯點撥】把副詞放到開頭來翻譯，正是體現(xiàn)了前面所講到的副詞很多時候就是在修飾整個句子。8.The report identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use ofineffectual and forced medical procedures“that may prolong and even dishonor theperio

21、d of dying as the twin problems of end of life care.【詞匯突破】under treatment治療不足aggressive 1.侵略的，侵犯的2.好斗的，挑釁的3.有進取精神的;有干勁 的 4.大膽的dishonor使丟臉，使受恥辱medical procedures 醫(yī)療手段【主干識另 ij】The report identifies.and.as the twin problems of end of life care主謂賓賓補結構；the under treatment of pain 和 the aggressive use of

22、ineffectualand forced medical procedures“that may prolong and even dishonor the period ofdying為并列的賓語成分。微觀解析】that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying 為定語從句修飾 ineffectual and forced medical procedures,定語從句中有兩個并列的動詞prolong and dishonor 做謂語?！倦y點揭秘】這個句子的困難之處就在于并列賓語的后半部分加上了一個定語從句進而使identify和

23、a s 之間的距離拉大，產(chǎn)生了閱讀障礙?！咀g文賞析】報告把對疼痛處理不夠喝大膽使用可能延長死亡期甚至讓病人死的不體面的無效的和強制的醫(yī)療手段確定為臨終關懷的兩個問題?！痉g點撥】這個句子的翻譯主要考察對于詞的理解：dishonor the period ofdying直接翻譯就是:使死亡的階段受到恥辱?？梢赞D譯為：讓病人死的不體面。中文是習慣是以人為主體的。還有就是medical procedures表示醫(yī)療手段而不要翻譯成醫(yī)療過程。9.The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would se

24、emto the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly,but that is nonethelessthe case.【詞匯突破】inspired有激發(fā)性的establishment 機構，建立nonetheless 但是case事實，實情 主干識別】The notion would seem merely silly.主系表結構【其他成分】that learning should have in it an element of inspired play 同位語從句修飾 notion；主干為 that learni

25、ng should have an element of inspired play,是主謂結構；in it 為狀語。to the greater part of the academic establishment 狀語?！倦y點揭秘】這個句子的難點就是在主干中加入了狀語和同位語從句使句子結構變得復雜。很多同學會對b u t和nonetheless連用感到困惑。兩個句子之間是需要連詞連接的，but是連詞，起連接兩個句子的作用。但是兩個句子之間的轉折關系并不是像but所表達的那樣強烈，前后兩句之間為“部分肯定”的轉折關系，因此使用nonetheless轉折副詞，表明轉折的意味并不強烈。這里的bu

26、t也可以換為and?！咀g文賞析】大多數(shù)的學術機構認為在學習中加入有啟發(fā)性玩耍的理念是非常愚蠢的，但是這樣的事情確實常常發(fā)生的。【翻譯點撥】把狀語翻譯為中文中的主謂結構，我們也可以翻譯為：“對于大多數(shù)的學術機構而言”，但是翻譯為中文的主謂結構更簡潔，that is the case如果翻譯為這就是事實，沒有能表達出準確的句意。就正如邁克爾杰克遜的紀念電影this is i t我們翻譯為:就是這樣。10.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on thebehalf of students

27、career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroomfor broader reasons of radical education reform.【詞匯突破】argue f o r支持argue against 反對on the behalf of=on behalf of 代表career prospects 就業(yè)前景radical徹底的，根本的，激進的【主干識別】An invisible border divides those and those.主謂賓結構【其他成分】arguing for computer

28、s in the classroom on the behalf of students5career prospects 和 arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons ofradical education reform現(xiàn)在分詞短語分別修飾兩個those作后置定語。微觀解析arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of studentscareer prospects 相當于 who argue for computers in the classroo

29、m on the behalf ofstudents5 career prospects【難點揭秘】divide those.and those在兩個those后面加上了很長的修飾成分造成了結構識別的困難。【譯文賞析】一條無形的界限將支持計算機進課堂的人分為兩類：一類人是從學生的職業(yè)前景從發(fā)思考的，另一類人想的是像教育的徹底改革這樣的一些更廣泛的理由。【翻譯點撥】在翻譯的過程中，我們把arguing for computers in the classroom放到了 those前作漢語中的前置定語再把過長的定語部分單獨成句，這樣更符合中文的表達習慣。）11.There is,as Robert

30、 Rubin,the treasury secretary,says,a disjunction”betweenthe mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picturereflected by the statistics.【詞匯突破】the treasury secretary財政部長（美）anecdote軼聞，趣聞statistics數(shù) 據(jù)（還有一個我們不熟悉的意思：表格）picture情況，事態(tài)，局面，狀況，情形，形勢 主干識別】There is a disjunction.【其

31、他成分】as Robert Rubin,the treasury secretary,says 插入語；between themass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picturereflected by the statistics 后置定語修飾 a disjunction.【微觀解析】between the mass of business anecdote and the picture;為定語的主體部分；that points to a leap in productivity 修飾

32、 anecdote；reflected by the statistics修飾 statistics o【難點揭秘】由于插入語的加入，造成了對主干是別的難度，尤其是在betweenand結構的識別中由于加入了定語從句使其難于理解?！咀g文賞析】正如財長魯賓所說，在表明生產(chǎn)力飛躍發(fā)展的商業(yè)佚事和數(shù)據(jù)所反映的情況之間存在著脫節(jié)。【翻譯點撥】也可以把比較長的那個部分單獨翻譯，這樣更符合中文的習慣：有大量表明生產(chǎn)力飛躍發(fā)展的商業(yè)佚事，但是財長羅伯特魯 賓認為現(xiàn)實的數(shù)據(jù)表明的情況并不能支持這些傳奇。12.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual

33、 biomass（the amount of livingbiological matter）of fish species in particular parts of the ocean,but rather changesin that biomass over time.【詞匯突破】estimate估 量,評估not.but不是.而是【主干識別Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass butchanges.【其他成分】括號中的內(nèi)容對biomass進行解釋和說明；of species和 in particula

34、rparts of the ocean 做后置定語修飾 biomass,in that biomass over time 后置定語修飾 changes；【難點揭秘】estimate的賓語為the actual biomass和 changes的并列，并列連詞為b u t,在閱讀的過程中往往會由于長定語的分割而產(chǎn)生閱讀的障礙；【譯文賞析】他們的研究方法并不是想估計出某些特定地區(qū)的實際生物量（活的生物總量），而是估計出這些生物量隨著時間發(fā)生的變化?！痉g點撥】多個定語在修飾著changes因此順序應該做符合中文習慣的調(diào)整。13.One leading authority says that th

35、ese intensely powerful mental events can be notonly harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feelbetter.【詞匯突破】authority權威harness使.停止的意思；和 stop可以互換但是更加正式的表達；還有一個單詞是curb,這個單詞表示控制的意思相當于control,原意是韁繩的意思，這個單詞為考研高頻詞。conscious有意識的intensely powerful mental event 在原文中就等于 dr

36、eams;主干識別】one leading authority says that+賓語從句；（其他成分】賓語從句的主干是 these intensely powerful mental events can be notonly harnessed but actually brought under conscious control;并 歹 U 連詞 notonly.but also連接兩個并列的動詞 harnessed 和 brought；to help us sleep andfeel better為目的狀語【難點揭秘】動詞的并列造成識別上的困難?！咀g文賞析】而一名頂級權威認為，這些

37、極其強烈的大腦活動不僅可以被抑制,實際上還可以受到意識的控制，進而幫助我們睡眠，使我們感覺好一些。14.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will have tooperate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions forthem-selves一goals that pose a real challenge.【詞匯突破】utility運用supervision 監(jiān)管【主干識別 J

38、they will have to operate and be able to make a few decisions.并列的兩個謂語由and連接；【其他成分】But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility 狀語；with less human supervision 狀語；at least 狀語；goals that pose a real challenge 整個句子的同位語?！疚⒂^解析】同位語goals被定語從句修飾；【難點揭秘】動詞的并列，狀語的隔離；同位語的識別需要關注。【譯文賞析】但是如果機器人能

39、在下一個階段達到節(jié)省人工的運用，它們將必須在更少的人力監(jiān)督之下工作，而且還要至少能夠自己做出兒個決定-這些目標才會帶來真的挑戰(zhàn)。【翻譯點撥】對 于the next stage of laborsaving utility的處理，如果直譯就是：如果機器人要達到節(jié)省人工的運用的下一個階段在，這樣的表達不僅拗口而且難懂，就是典型的死譯，所以把定語轉譯為狀語。16.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a halfreveals not simply an increasing emphasi

40、s on the primacy of research,but also achanging definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.，【詞匯突破】reveal揭露constitutes 包含primacy重要性，首要地位【主干識別】A comparison reveals notbut主謂賓結構【其他成分】of British geological publications 定語修飾 comparison,over the lastcentury and a half 定語修飾 publications,an

41、increasing emphasis on the primacy ofresearch 賓語，a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper并列賓語（微觀解析】an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research 其中 on the primacyof research 修飾 emphasis;research修 飾definition;w hat引導一個賓語從句作o f的賓語，what為賓語從句中的主語?！倦y點揭秘】出現(xiàn)并列的賓語并且在賓語中的定語又

42、出現(xiàn)一個賓語從句，這樣就增加了句子的復雜性，并且在句中出現(xiàn)了好兒個動態(tài)名詞?！咀g文賞析】將過去一個半世紀英國地質(zhì)學領域的出版物做一下比較，（我們）就會發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅對科研的主導地位的強調(diào)不斷攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研論文所包含的內(nèi)容的定義也有所變化?！痉g點撥】在這個句中有兩個動態(tài)名詞一個是comparison,還有一個為emphasis,其中還有一個動態(tài)形容詞changing；在翻譯的處理上都翻譯為動詞，并增加概說的主語“我們”。17.1 believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are thesame t

43、hat underlie the globalization process:falling transportation andcommunication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets thatrequire enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands.【詞匯突破】M&A為mergers and acquisitions的縮寫表示合并和兼并的意思為經(jīng)濟術語。underlie構成的基礎;導致發(fā)生。例如：The socialprob

44、lems underlying these crises remain unsolved.（引起這些危機的社會問題尚未解決。）trade and investment barriers 貿(mào)易和投資壁壘globalization process全球化進程（可以作為寫作詞匯使用）主干識別】I believe that+賓語從句（其他成分】the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same為賓語從句主干；that underlie the globalization process為定語從句；”:后為對forces的解

45、釋；【微觀解析】三種力量的并列為falling transportation and communication costs,以及 lower trade and investment barriers 和 enlarged markets 后面接一個定語從句that require enlarged operations 和后置定語形容詞短語：capable of meetingcustomers demands【難點揭秘】并列的三種力量，由于修飾語比較長和并列連詞較多使其解析較難；【譯文賞析】我認為巨大的并購浪潮背后的最重要的推動力和促進全球化進程的力量是一樣的：即降低交通運輸成本，逐漸減

46、少貿(mào)易投資壁壘，以及為能滿足消費者需求而大幅度拓展得市場。18.I t is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactlywhere they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by thenecessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on themicroscope.【詞匯突破】auditors審

47、計人員distract分散注意力 主干識別】I t is entirely reasonable to believe that+賓語從句.形式主語從句（其他成分】for auditors 狀語；scientists who know exactly where they are goingand how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping oneeye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.賓語從句

48、?！疚⒂^解析】scientists should not be distracted 賓語從句主干；who know exactlywhere they are going and how they will get there 定語從句修飾 scientist；wherethey are going and how they will get there 定語從句中 know 的賓語從句；by thenecessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on themicroscope.狀語；of k

49、eeping one eye on the cash register 修飾 the necessity 作定語。while the other eye is on the microscope 狀語修飾 keeping o【難點揭秘】主語從句中出現(xiàn)定語從句，定語從句中出現(xiàn)并列的賓語這樣隔離的障礙就更為顯著了?！咀g文賞析】審查者完全有理由相信，知道自己準備做什么、怎么做的科學家不應該因為必須一只眼盯著收銀機，另一只眼盯著顯微鏡而分散了注意力?！痉g點撥】by短語在句子中是充當狀語，翻譯為原因，where they are going andhow they will get there處理為知

50、道做什么，知道怎么做，這樣的表達符合中文的習慣。如果直接翻譯為：知道他們要去哪里和怎么去，就是對于字面含義的翻譯。屬于死譯。19.I nstead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles,which now more thanever seem in ample supply:the critic of American materialism with a Southamptonsummer home;the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-starresta

51、urants;the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools.【詞匯突破】hypocritical虛偽的；spectacles 景象ample充足的radical激進的，根本的journalist記者，新聞工作者advocate 支持participatory democracy 參與制民主enrolled in注冊入學，入伍 主干識別】we are treated to fine hypocrit

52、ical spectacles 主謂結構的被動態(tài)（其他成分】which now more than ever seem in ample supply 定語從句修飾spectacles；“：”之后列出三種虛偽的景象的代表人物，舉例說明?！疚⒂^解析】定語從句還原為一個完整的句子：The spectacles now more than everseem in ample supply.其主干為：The spectacles seem in ample supply；now morethan ever 為狀語。代表人物一 the critic of American materialism（美國物

53、質(zhì)主義的批評者）with a Southampton summer home;（其擁有南安普頓的避暑山莊）；代表人物二 the publisher of radical books（激進書刊的出版者）who takes hismeals in three-star restaurants,定語從句講他們卻在三星級酒店就餐（因為激進主義者往往是最求生活極簡的）；代表人物三the journalist advocatingparticipatory democracy in all phases of life（支持在人生的各個階段推崇參與制民主的記者）whose own children are

54、 enrolled in private schools 定語從句講他們自己的孩子卻在私立學校上學（私立學校的教育是精英制的，而參與制民主是需要和大眾貼近的）?！倦y點揭秘】冒號后并列的三個部分就是三個名詞后面接上比較長的定語修飾,這樣就造成了閱讀的困難；【譯文賞析】相反，我們看到了這些非常虛偽的景象，他們似乎比以前的任何時候都更多見：批判美國式物質(zhì)主義的人卻擁有位于南安普頓的避暑山莊：激進書籍的出版商卻在三星級餐廳享用一日三餐；倡導在人生各個階段實施參與式民主的記者，他的子女卻就讀于私立學校?！痉g點撥】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacle

55、s如果直接翻譯那就是：我們被招待了很好的虛偽景象；這樣的說法并不符合中文的習慣，中文是多主動，英語多被動，因此句子轉譯為：我們看到了這些非常虛偽的景象fine處理為非常。2O.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain linedescribes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off whichthey both fall into the river-and then to find tha

56、t the line consists of the noise oftheir falling and the weights of the officers,Pluff!Pluff!A hundred and eighty-fivekilograms.【詞匯突破】explanatory解釋性的upsetting 不安consists of 包含 主干識別】it is a little upsetting to read that+賓語從句 and then to find that+賓語從句；形式主語句，句子主語為to read and to find.在主語中帶有兩個動詞不定式中的賓語從

57、句；其他成分】in the explanatory notes 狀語；a certain line describes a fight betweena Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge 賓語從句主干；off which they both fallinto the river 起連接句子作用的定語從句；the line consists of the noise of theirfalling and the weights of the officers 賓語從句主干；Pluff!Pluff!A hundred andeighty-fi

58、ve kilograms.M Line 的同位語。微觀解析off which they both fall into the river 還原為一個句子就是：they bothfall into the river off the bridge.【難點揭秘】主語是兩個并列的成分識別并列主語是一大難點；【譯文賞析】但當我們先是從解釋性注釋中得知某詩行講述了一個土耳其軍官和一個保加利亞軍官在橋上格斗并雙雙掉進河里，而后又發(fā)現(xiàn)該行詩中只充斥著 撲通，撲通，185公斤重”這類對他們落水時的聲音以及對軍官們體重的描寫時，我們不免感到困惑不安?！痉g點撥】先把兩個比較長的主語單獨譯成兩個句子，再翻譯剩下的

59、部分，打破英語中的句子限定，單獨成句是很重要的翻譯技巧，簡單講就是哪個部分太長就盡量的單獨翻譯。21.The examples of Virtual Vineyards,A,and other pioneers show that aWeb site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity,hospitality,and security will attract online customers.【詞匯突破】interactivity互動性hospitality 友好性security安全性

60、【主干識別】The examples show that+賓語從句；主謂賓結構【其他成分】of Virtual Vineyards,A,and other pioneers 作 example 的同位語；我們把其看作為：A o fB的結構，A為上義詞，B為下義詞，這樣在翻譯的處理中我們不需要生硬的翻譯為.的例子;a Web site selling the rightkind of products with the right mix of interactivity,hospitality,and security willattract online customers.賓語從句【微觀解

61、析 1 selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity,hospitality,and security現(xiàn)在分詞短語修飾a web site;賓語從句主干為：a Website will attract online customers.【難點揭秘】由于出現(xiàn)并列使得主語和謂語之間出現(xiàn)了較長的修飾，產(chǎn)生隔離，在賓語從句的后置定語中也出現(xiàn)并列產(chǎn)生隔離，這樣了產(chǎn)生了隔離?！咀g文賞析】像Virtual Vineyards,A這樣的先驅網(wǎng)站表明，一個將交互性、服務性和安全性合理結合，且銷售正確產(chǎn)品的網(wǎng)站是可以吸

62、引來網(wǎng)上客戶的?！痉g點撥】賓語從句單獨成句；在翻譯example of.的時候翻譯為“像”。復習第二句：2.I t is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numericalpatterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets andphilosophers.詞匯突破：visualize想象Figure o u t發(fā)現(xiàn)和找出Suits使適合主干識別：句子主語是由how引導的一個主語從句，i

63、t是句子的形式主語；句子主干為：How is not obvious.在主語從句中主語是capacity,謂語是suits賓語是one;其他成分：狀語為t。answer主語后加上兩個動詞不定式做后置定語；動詞不定式中的賓語questions后面接一個that引導的定語從句。難點揭秘：這個句子是一個由形式主語it引導的主語從句，其中難點為需要識別出主語從句中的動詞suits.譯文賞析：構思物體和找出數(shù)字模型的能力是如何讓一個人去回答那些連最好的詩人和哲學家都回避的問題的，這點我們還不是很清楚。22.They gather all the data they can,not just perfor

64、mance statistics and biographicaldetails but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.【詞匯突破】statistics數(shù)據(jù)寫作過程中可以使用固定詞組：statistics and detailsachievers獲得成功的人 主干識別They gather all the data.主謂賓結構。（其他成分】they can 的完整表達為：that they can gather;出于簡潔的考慮省掉了 that 和 gather；not just

65、performance statistics and biographical details but also theresults of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers 整個部分是 data 的同位語。（微觀解析】同位語中第一部分是 performance statistics and biographical details；第二個部分為 the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers,其中 with high achiever

66、s 為定語修飾 experiments.【難點揭秘】同位語部分出現(xiàn)并列現(xiàn)象造成比較冗長產(chǎn)生閱讀難點?！咀g文賞析】他們盡其所能收集了一切數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)不僅包括表現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)和生物信息，而且也包括了那些取得了表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異者在實驗室實驗中的實驗結果。23.During the discussion of rock singing verses at last months stockholders meeting,Levin asserted that music is not the cause of societys ills and even cited his son,ateacher in the Bronx,New York,who uses rap to communicate with students.【詞匯突破】verse歌詞，詩句stockholder 股東assert聲稱，認為，宣稱social ill社會問題 主干識別】Levin asserted that+賓語從句and even cited his son.主謂賓結構【其他成分】During the discussion