《動詞的時態(tài)》PPT課件.ppt

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1、 動 詞 的 時 態(tài)一. 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法 1. 經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。 如：usually,often,always,seldom, every, sometimes,at, on Sunday e.g:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2. 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3. 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。 注意：此用法如果出

2、現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。e.g: Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4.代替將來，可用于表示事先安排或計劃好的將來的動作，這些動詞往往表示“來，去，出發(fā)，到達”等含義，如：begin,start,come, go,arrive,return,leave, stop,open,close,end,stay,do,have,give,die,meet,see off,go off等(有具體的時間狀語） e,g: The train starts at five. The plane arrives at six.

3、5. 在時間狀語從句，條件狀語從句以及讓步狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。e,g: I will go if you go. You can join the club when you get a bit older.NOTES: If you will listen, I will tell you about it. 6. 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 am/is/are+過去分詞e.g:The Great Wall is known all over the world. Our classroom is cleaned every day. 1.-When will you com

4、e to see me ,Dad? -I will go to see you when you_the training course.A.will have finishedB.will finish C.are finishingD.finish 2.Visitors _not too touch the exhibits.A.will requestB.requestC.are requestingD.are requested D 3.I _ ping pong quite well, but IHavent had time to play since the new year.A

5、.will play B. have playedC.played D. play 4.-You are drinking too much. -Only at home.No one_me but you.A.is seeing B.had seen C.sees D.saw C 5.-Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation.? -It_. A.all depend B.all depends C.is all dependedD.is all dependingB B 6.-Can I help you,sir? -Yes I bou

6、ght this radio here yesterday,but it_.A.didnt work B.wont work C.cant work D.doesnt work 7.I need one more stamp before my collection_. A.has completedB.completes C.has been completed D.is completed 8.It was until then that I came to know that knowledge_only from practice.A.has come B. comes C. came

7、 D.had come B 二. 一般過去時的用法1. 在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now?但有時狀語可以省去或隱含，需從上下文中猜測。 2. 表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they

8、 were given a warm welcome. vIt is time for sb. to do sth vIt is time sb. did sth. v would (had) rather sb. did sth.v It is time since sb.did sth.句型 4. wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。5. 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 was/were+p.p. 1.-Where have you been recently? -I

9、_in Hangzhou on business for a week last month. A.have been B.was C. had been D.had gone2.- Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. - Its 69568442. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cantBA 3.-What happened to the priceless works of art? -_.A.They were destroyed in the earthquakeB.The earthquake wa

10、s destroying themC.They destroyed in the earthquakeD.The earthquake destroyed them 4.-You havent said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it? -Im sorry I _anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.A.wasnt saying B.dont sayC.wont say D.didnt say 5.My uncle _until he was fo

11、rty-five.A.married B.didnt marryC.was not marrying D.would marry6.An awful accident _,however, occur the other day.A.does B.did C.has to D.had to 7.Old Mcdonald gave up smoking for a while,but soon _to his old ways.A.returned B.returnsC.was returning D.had returned8.-Nancy is not coming tonight. -Bu

12、t she_.A.promises B.promisedC.will promise D.had promised 注意： 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情態(tài)動詞 could, would.Could you lend me your bike？ Would you do me a favor? 3 used to / be used to used to + do：Mother used n

13、ot to be so forgetful.Scarf used to take a walk. be used to + n./doing： 對已感到習慣，或“習慣于”，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。 He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk.(現(xiàn)在習慣于散步) 三. 一般將來時 shall/will+V1.shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first?Will you be

14、at home at seven this evening? 2.be going to +不定式，表示將來。 a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 3. be +to do 1表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。 We are to discuss the report next

15、Saturday.2.表示職責、義務、意圖、約定、可能性、命令等。 Im sure you are to become useful persons in the future. 4.be about +不定式 1.意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。 2.be (just) about to dowhen I was just about to go to swim in the river when our guide found me.

16、 5. 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來 1）下列動詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes.2）倒裝句，表示動作正在進行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3）在時間或條件句中。 When

17、 Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 6 .用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來 意為：“意圖”、“打算”、“安排”、常用于人。常用詞為 come, go, star

18、t, arrive, leave, stay ,take等。 Im leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week?7.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 will+be+p.p. 8.區(qū)別 (1) be going to / will 用于條件句時， be going to表將來 will 表意愿If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we wil

19、l fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. (2). be to和be going to be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。 be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排) 1.I feel it is your husband who_for the spoiled milk.A.is to blame B.is going

20、 to blameC.is to be blamed D.should blame2.In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. A.have survived B.are to surviveC.would survive D.will survive 3.Hundreds of jobs_if the factory closes. D.will loseA.lose B.will be lost C.are lost4.Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Flor

21、ida. I _my mum.A.am taking B.have takenC.take D.will have taken 5.-Youve left the light on. -Oh,so I have._and turn it off. A.Ill go B.Ive gone C.I go D.Im going6.If a man _succeed ,he must work as hard as he can. A.will B.is to C.is going to D.should 7.-Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomo

22、rrow. -_. A.I dont B.I wont C.I cant D.I havent8.It _long before we_the result of the experiment.A.will not be,will know B.is,will knowC.will not be,know D.is, knowBC 四. 現(xiàn)在完成時 1.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already,yet,just,recently,before,many times,once,twice等連用e.g:I have already finished my homework. 2.過

23、去發(fā)生的事情持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常與持續(xù)動詞連用，句中常有表示段時間的時間狀語，如since,for,in the past/last ten years,so far, up to now,how long等。 e.g:Great changes have taken place in China in the past twenty years. We have finished ten units so far. We have learned English since 1996. 3.瞬間性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的互換becomebe , fall ill-be ill ,jo

24、in-be , die-be dead , buy-have,leave-be away , marry-be married,borrow-keep , come-be , begin-be on,return-be back, fall asleep-be asleep,fall in love with-be in love with 比較：1.He has joined the army. He has been a soldier for five years.2.She has died. She has been dead for ten years.3.They got mar

25、ried ten years ago. They have been married for ten years . 4. 比較過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時 1）過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。 2）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語 共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight,this April,

26、 now, once，before, already, recently，lately現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in the past years, 不確定的時間狀語 3）現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 I saw t

27、his film yesterday.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生了。） I have seen this film. （強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） Why did you get up so early? Who hasnt handed in his paper? She has returned from Paris. She returned yesterday. He has been in the League for three years. He has been a League member for three years. He joined the League

28、three years ago. I have finished my homework now. -Will somebody go and get Dr. White?-Hes already been sent for. 句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。 （錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 比較：一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都

29、已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復存在。Christine was an invalid(病人） all her life. (含義：她已不在人間。)Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能繼續(xù)住下去) 5. 用于現(xiàn)在完成時的型 1）It is the first / seco

30、nd time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2）This is the that結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.3)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 has/have+been+p.p. 1. -Do you

31、 know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming B 2. -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come D 4._the sports meet might be put off. -Yes, it all depe

32、nds on the weather. A.Ive been told B.Ive told C.Im told D.I told 5.The price_,but I doubt whether it will remain so.A.went down B.will go downC.has gone down D.was going down 6.All the preparations for the task_,and were ready to start. A.completed B.complete C.had been completed D.have been comple

33、ted D 7.-How are you today? -Oh,I_as ill as I do now for a very long time. A.didnt feel B.wasnt feeling C.dont feel D.havent felt D 8.I wonder why Jenny_us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A.hasnt written B.doesnt write C.wont write D.hadnt written A 9.When and where to go for the on-s

34、alary holiday_yet.A.are not decided B.have not been decided C.is not being decided D.has not been decided D 10.-How long _at this job? -Since 1990.A.were you employed B.have you been employedC.had you been employedD.will you be employed 11.Tony was very unhappy for_to the party.A.having not been inv

35、itedB.not having invitedC.having not invitedD.not having been invited 6. since的四種用法 1) since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段時間+ ago I have been here since five monthsago. 3) since +從句 Great changes have taken place since you left.Con

36、siderable time has elapsed (逝去） since we have been here. 4) It is +一段時間+ since從句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 7.延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞 1) 用于完成時的區(qū)別延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié) 果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。 He has completed the work.他已完成了那項工作。 (表結(jié)果) Ive known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經(jīng)歷) 2)用于till / unt

37、il從句的差異 延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示做直到 瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示到，才 He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 點才回來。 He slept until ten oclock. 典型例題1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had metB. have met C. met D. meetB 2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have

38、been B. had been C. was D. will beA 3.-Why is it so noisy in the next room? -Because the five children_for three hours and their parents _the house since they got up. D.have been up,have been away fromA.have been up,have goneB.had got up,have leftC.have been up,have left 4.-Would you be so kind as t

39、o tell me how to get to the railway station? -Sorry.Im a stranger here. This is the first time I_here.A.have been B.was C.have gone D.am 5.Im sorry .I told you Id be ready to leave at 5:30, but I still_my work.A.didnt finish B.havent finished C.hadnt finished D.wouldnt finished 五. 過去完成時 had+been1. 概

40、念：表示過去的過去-|-|-|-其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。那時以前 那時現(xiàn)在 2. 用法 a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 狀語從句 在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等

41、，用過去完成時表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 3)過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left

42、 when he arrived at the party. 4）had+been+p.p.(被動語態(tài)） 1. The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written,left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left D 2.By the end of last year , another new gymnasium_ in Beijing. A.wou

43、ld be completed B.was being completed C.has been completed D.had been completed 3.The little girl_her heart out because she_her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. A.had cried,lost B.cried,had lost C.has cried,has lost D.cries,has lost B 4.The new suspension bridge_by the end of l

44、ast month. A.has been designed B.had been designed C.was designed D.would be designed B 5.John and I _friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we_each other a couple of times before that.D.have been,had seenA.had been,have seenB.have been,have seenC.had been,

45、had seenD 6.He _to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.A.has no sooner got B.no sooner got C.will no sooner get D.had no sooner got D 7.I _to be able to get to my seat without being seen,but that morning it was strangely quiet and orderly. A.hoped B.had hoped C.was hoping D.hopeB 8.-_you_th

46、e chief editor at the airport? -No.He _away before my arrival.A.Have,met: has drivenB.had,met:was drivenC.Did,meet:had been drivenD.Have,met:was driven 9.He told us that the most important points_yet. A.didnt cover B.hadnt covered C.werent covered D.hadnt been coveredD 10.Where on earth have you bee

47、n? We_you back much earlier. A.were expecting B.are expecting C.had expected D.expect 3. 用一般過去時代替完成時 1)兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時，多用一般過去時。 When she saw the mouse，she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 2 ) 兩個動作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。 When I heard the news, I was ver

48、y excited.3)敘述歷史事實，可不用過去完成時，而只用一般過去時。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 六. 將來完成時 1. 構(gòu)成will have been 2. 概念 a. 狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態(tài)。 b. 動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動作或一獲得的經(jīng)驗。They will have been married for 20 years by then.You will have reached Shanghai by this time

49、tomorrow. 七. 現(xiàn)在進行時 (am/is/are+v-ing) a. 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發(fā)生的事情。 We are waiting for you. b. 習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. c. 表示漸變的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer an

50、d warmer. d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。 You are always changing your mind.e. am/is/are+being+p.p.(被動語態(tài)） 1 .My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont find C. has lost, havent found D. is missing, ha

51、vent found. D 2. 不用進行時的動詞 1) 事實狀態(tài)的動詞have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。 I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister 2) 心理狀態(tài)的動詞know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer

52、, mean, understand, love, hate等。I need your help.He loves her very much. 3 ) 瞬間動詞 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice4) 系動詞seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little tired. 八. 過去進行時 (was/were+v-ing)1. 概念：表示過去某時

53、正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。2. 過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。 3) 常用的時間狀語this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the

54、mountain, the sun was shining 典型例題1. Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 2.-Excuse me,sir.Would you do me a favor? -Of course,What is it? -I_if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonderD.did wonder 3.As

55、she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A.read； was fallingB. was reading； fell C. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell B 4.The reporter said that the UFO_east to west when he saw it. A.was travelling B.travelled C.had been travelling D.was to travel A 5.-Hey,look where you are going! -Oh,Im terribly

56、sorry._.A.Im not noticing B.I wasnt noticing C.I havent noticed D.I dont notice 6.Shirley_a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. A.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing 7.A new cinema _here.They hope to finish it next month.A.will be built B.is built C.ha

57、s been built D.is being built 8.E-mail,as well as telephone,_an important part in daily communication. A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play 9.I dont really work here,I_until the new secretary arrives.A.just help out B.have just helped out C.am just helping out D.will just help out C 10.I

58、dont think Jim saw me；he_into space.A.just stared B.was just staringC.has just stared D.had just stared B 11.-Is this raincoat yours? -No,mine_there behind the door.A.hangs B.has hung C.is hanging D.hung 12.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_so rapidly. A.is

59、 changing B.have changed C.will have changed D.will change 13.I first met her three years ago.She _at a radio factory at the time.A.has worked B. was workingC.had been working D.had worked 14.-Have you got your final result? -Not yet.The papers_.A.have not corrected B.are still being corrected C.hav

60、e already been corrected 15.-Zhou Lan,you look puzzled,have you understood it? -Yes,I_another problem just now. A.have thought B.thought C.had thought of D.was thinking of 16.When I said some students were lazy, I_you. A.wasnt referring B.dont refer C.hasnt refer D.didnt refer 九.現(xiàn)在完成進行時 （has/have+be

61、en+v-ing) 表示動作從過去某一個時間開始進行，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還要延續(xù)下去，通常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，更強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性、暫時性或未完成性。 1.We have learned English for 7 years. We have been learning English for 7 years.2.They have been preparing for the exam. They have prepared for the exam. 1.-Hi,Tracy,you look tired. -I am tired.I_the living room all day.

62、 A.painted B.had paintedC.have been painting D.have painted 2.I_violin lessons every two weeks,but I think Ill make it every three weeks next month. A.have been having B.am having C.have had D.have 十、 將來進行時 (will+be+doing)1)概念：表示將來某時進行的狀態(tài)或動作，或按預測將來會發(fā)生的事情。 Shell be coming soon. Ill be meeting him som

63、etime in the future.注意：將來進行時不用于表示意志，不能說 Ill be having a talk with her. 2）常用的時間狀語Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach. 1 一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時 時間狀語從句，條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時When, while, before, after, till, once,

64、 as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。 1.He said he_me a present unless I_ in doing the experiment.A. had not given; had not

65、succeededB. would not give; succeedC. will not give; succeedD. would not give; will succeed.B (2) 表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項，行程等活動。 The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物館明天10點開門。(實際上每天如此。) 2. 一般現(xiàn)在時代替過去時 1 )書上說，報紙上說等。 The newspaper says that its going to be cold tomorrow. 報紙上說明天會很冷的。2) 敘述往事，使其生動。 Napoleons army now

66、 advances and the great battle begins. 24 一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時 1) 有些動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時：hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say,remember.I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.2) 句型 It is since代替It has been since 3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met. 25 一般現(xiàn)在時代替進行時 1) 句型：Here comes ； There goes Look, here comes Mr. Li. 26 現(xiàn)在進行時代替將來時 1) 表示即將發(fā)生的或預定中計劃好的活動。Are you staying with us this weekend? We are leaving soon. 我們馬上就走。 2) 漸變動詞，如：g