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1、專(zhuān)題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練(二十六)　[科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解(二)] (限時(shí)：25分鐘) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一) The forces that make Japan one of the world's most earthquake-prone(有地震傾向的) countries could become part of its long-term energy solution. Water from deep below the ground at Japan's tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to p

2、roduce electricity. Although Japanese high-tech companies are leaders in geothermal(地?zé)岬? technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation. “Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermal-electric power produ

3、ction. The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 percent of Japan's energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 percent. Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its n

4、atural energy, following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs. For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power. The biggest problem to geo

5、thermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan's potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden. “We can't even dig 10cm inside national park

6、s，” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow. Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, “Producing electricity by using hot springs is a decades-long project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy

7、supplies will decline in the short term.” The Earth Policy Institute in Washington, the US, believed Japan could produce 80，000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology. Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology

8、, with a 70 percent market share.In 2010, Fuji Electric built the world's largest geothermal factory in New Zealand. 1．What would be the best title for the text? A．Alternative energies in Japan B．The world's largest geothermal plant C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology D．Japan thinks

9、 of geothermal energy 2．What percentage of Japan's energy needs is geothermal energy? A．About 8%. B．Below 1%. C．Around 30%. D．Over 80%. 3．According to Shigeto Yamada, the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs ________． A．a(chǎn) change of rules B．financial support C．local people's help D．hig

10、h technology 4．It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that ________． A．the world's biggest geothermal plant was built by America B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology C．the potential of Japan's geothermal energy is great D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan (二)

11、Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun. But too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders. Long-lasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals. The new data

12、confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts, says Richard Stevens of the University of Connecticut Health Centre. Mood disorders join a growing list of problems, including cancer, obesity and diabetes—that can occur when light throws life out of balance by disturbing the biolog

13、ical clock and its timing of daily rhythms. In the new study, Tracy Bedrosian and Randy Nelson of Ohio State University exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks. For the next four weeks, half of the mice remained on this schedule, and the rest received continuous dim light throug

14、hout their night. Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness, those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks，“a sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed，” Bedrosian says. In a second test, mice were clocked on how long they ac

15、tively tried to escape a pool of water. Those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of “behavioural despair”，10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness. All symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice ret

16、urning to a normal light-dark cycle, the researchers report. The scientists also could quash the behavioural symptoms by injecting (注射)the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression. This finding further suggests that light at night ma

17、y cause something related to depression. Human studies linking nighttime light and mood disorders are important but can't easily detect molecular underpinnings (分子結(jié)構(gòu))as animal studies can，says George Brainard of Thomas Jefferson University. The new work, he says, suggests that the change of the bio

18、logical clock by light at night can be “an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behaviour”． 1．After being exposed to continuous nighttime light，the mice ________． A．changed their preferences B．escaped from the water more eagerly C．remained active as before D．showed less interest

19、 in their favourites 2．What does the underlined word “quash” in Para. 4 probably mean? A．Study.　　B．Predict.　　C．Ease.　　D．Cause. 3．We can learn from the last paragraph that ________． A．light at night may have practical value B．the biological clock is beneficial to humans C．human mood disorders c

20、annot be healed easily D．human studies are more important than animal studies 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Nighttime light may foster depression. B．A drug has been found to cure mood disorders. C．The study on animals can be applied to humans. D．Human biological clock can be contro

21、lled by light. (三) Housed in Milan, one of Europe's dirtiest cities, Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece The Last Supper still faces a threat from air pollution, researchers say, despite preventative measures that have significantly decreased pollutants in the church where the famous painting is on di

22、splay. In 2009, Italian authorities installed a heating, ventilation (通風(fēng)) and air-conditioning system to protect the painting from Milan's polluted air. To see whether the system could improve air quality, a team of researchers led by Constantinos Sioutas, a professor of civil and environmental eng

23、ineering at the University of Southern California, placed two air-quality monitors inside the church for a year to collect samples from around painting. Results showed the levels of fine and coarse particulates were reduced near the painting by 88 percent and 94 percent, respectively, compared with

24、the corresponding outdoor levels. “It's a spectacular reduction，” Sioutas said in a statement. “It is, frankly, very impressive.” Although the researchers applauded the successful decrease in particulates around da Vinci's painting, they warned that indoor sources of pollution may still pose a thre

25、at to the priceless painting. Fatty lipids (油脂) from the skin of customers in the church appeared in significant quantities around the painting, despite the fact that visitors getting access to the artwork are strictly regulated. Only a few visitors are allowed inside the church at a time, and they

26、 enter the building and can stay for only 15 minutes each. However, fatty lipids from visitors' skin can combine with dust in the air and pollute the painting if they come in contact with it, says study researcher Nancy Daher of the University of Southern California. Even previous restorations of t

27、he painting may pollute its surface, Daher said. Tiny particulates of the wax applied during early repair efforts can be emitted from the painting, get into the air and tarnish (使失去光澤) the painting in the same manner as the fatty lipids. The researchers noted that their air-sample analysis could be

28、 used as a point of reference for future studies aimed at protecting valuable artwork and artefacts. 1．What does the underlined word “particulates” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．The smallest parts of a chemical substance. B．Things dirtier than usual. C．Certain types of gas. D．Extremely small

29、pieces of dirt, which cause serious pollution. 2．According to the text, the following factors pollute the painting EXCEPT ________． A．fatty lipids from the skin B．tiny particles of the wax C．breath of the visitors D．dust in the air 3．According to the researchers, which of the following is N

30、OT true of their air-sample analysis? A. The air-sample analysis was got by gathering air in the church for a year. B．The air-sample analysis showed that the painting was completely away from air pollution. C．The air-sample analysis can be helpful for future studies protecting valuable artwork.

31、D．The air-sample analysis showed that the particulates around da Vinci's painting were decreased successfully. 4．What can be the best title of the text? A．How to decrease levels of particulates effectively B．The famous painting —da Vinci's The Last Supper C．Keeping air pollution from damaging da

32、 Vinci's The Last Supper D．How to protect artwork in households 專(zhuān)題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練(二十六) (一) 【要點(diǎn)綜述】文章主要講述了日本正在考慮開(kāi)發(fā)地?zé)崮?。因?yàn)槿毡臼堑卣鸲喟l(fā)國(guó)家，國(guó)家地?zé)崮芊浅ＸS富，所以地?zé)崮軐⑹侨毡镜男滦吞娲茉础? 1．D　主旨大意題。文章主要講述了日本正在考慮開(kāi)發(fā)地?zé)崮?，圍繞地?zé)崮艿脑掝}展開(kāi)。故選D項(xiàng)。 2．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第七段“For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，wh

33、ich has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.”可知，日本地?zé)崮懿坏?%，主要依賴(lài)于化石燃料和原子能。故選B項(xiàng)。 3．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從倒數(shù)第四段“…adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.”可知，要開(kāi)發(fā)地?zé)崮苄枰獙F(xiàn)行的規(guī)章制度進(jìn)行改變，故選A項(xiàng)。 4．C　推理判斷題。從最后兩段可知，日本在地?zé)崮芊矫嬗兄薮蟮臐摿?，故選C項(xiàng)。 (二) 【要點(diǎn)綜

34、述】光照療法可以治療抑郁癥，但是，新的研究表明長(zhǎng)期暴露于夜晚的燈光也可帶來(lái)抑郁癥，這項(xiàng)研究至少在動(dòng)物身上得到了驗(yàn)證。 1．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness，those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks…”可知，那些在夜晚持續(xù)接受暗淡燈光的老鼠失去了對(duì)于甜飲料的濃厚喜好，即沒(méi)有那么喜歡甜飲料了，故選D項(xiàng)。 2．C　詞義猜測(cè)題。通過(guò)原文quash前面also可以斷定，quash的意思等

35、于前面一句話的意思，即癥狀消失了，故選ease“緩解，減輕”。 3．A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一句可知，燈光可以影響生物鐘，生物鐘的改變可以影響行為，故選擇A項(xiàng)。 4．A　主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章首段“Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun.But too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders.”可知，本文主要討論night

36、time light與mood disorder或depression的關(guān)系，故A項(xiàng)正確。 (三) 【要點(diǎn)綜述】保存在意大利米蘭市一家教堂的達(dá)·芬奇名畫(huà)《最后的晚餐》受到空氣污染的影響。雖采取了措施使教堂空氣質(zhì)量得到提高，但仍存在一些污染隱患。 1．D　詞義猜測(cè)題。綜合分析文章及該詞所在句子，可推知該詞意為“顆粒(污染)物”。 2．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章信息可知，對(duì)名畫(huà)《最后的晚餐》帶來(lái)污染的因素主要有參觀者皮膚上的油脂、修復(fù)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的蠟顆粒及空氣中的灰塵等。 3．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一、二段可知，雖然教堂室內(nèi)環(huán)境大為改善，但這幅偉大的畫(huà)作仍受到各種污染物的威脅。 4．C　主旨大意題。綜合分析文章可知，本文主要介紹如何保護(hù)達(dá)·芬奇的名畫(huà)《最后的晚餐》免受污染物的影響，故C項(xiàng)為標(biāo)題最佳。