《虛擬語氣課件》PPT課件
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1、 何 謂 “ 語 氣 ”是 一 種 動 詞 形 式 , 表 示 說話 人 對 某 一 行 為 或 事 情 的 看 法 和 態(tài)度 。 英 語 中 的 語 氣 英 語 中 共 有 三種 語 氣 陳 述 語 氣(the Indicative Mood)祈 使 語 氣(the Imperative Mood)虛 擬 語 氣(the Subjunctive Mood) 陳 述 語 氣 : 用 來 陳 述 一 個 事 實 , 有 肯定 、 否 定 、 疑 問 或 感 嘆 等 形 式 。 What will you do if it rains tomorrow? I will stay at home i
2、f it rains tomorrow. 祈 使 語 氣 : 用 來 表 示 請 求 、 邀 請 、命 令 、 警 告 或 勸 告 等 。 虛 擬 語 氣 虛 擬 語 氣 : 是 一 種 特 殊 的 動 詞 形 式 。 他 的 作 用 是 : 表 示 說 話 人 所 說 的 話不 是 一 個 事 實 , 而 是 一 種 假 設 、 猜測 、 懷 疑 、 愿 望 、 要 求 、 命 令 、 建議 等 。 I have a car. 我 有 一 部 車 。 ( 指 現(xiàn) 在 有 ) I had a car. 我 有 一 部 車 。 ( 指 過 去 有 ) I wish I had a car. 但
3、愿 我 有 一 部 車 。 ( 實 際 沒 有 , 表愿 望 ) 一、if 條件句中的虛擬語氣時 間 If 條 件 句 主 句過 去現(xiàn) 在將 來 had done( 過 去 完 成 時 )過 去 式 (did)be were did / were should +do were to do would should +have done sthcouldmightwould should + do sthcouldmightwould should + do sthcouldmight 1.表 示 與 現(xiàn) 在 事 實 相 反 的 假 設連 詞 條 件 從 句 動 詞 主 句 動 詞if 動 詞
4、 過 去 式(be只 用 were的 形 式 ) should (would/ could/ might )+ do(should只 用 于 第 一 人 稱 )如 果 我 有 時 間 , 我 就 要 學 習 英 語 。If I _(have) time, I _(study) English.had would study如 果 我 是 你 , 我 就 會 買 這 棟 房 子 。If I _(be) you, I _(buy) the house.were Would buy如 果 我 能 飛 , 我 要 飛 到 空 中 。If I _(can fly), I _( fly) in the s
5、ky.could fly would fly 1. If there were no subjunctive mood , English_ much easier . A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 2. If I had some money, I _ the poor boy. A help B will help C. would help D. would have help3. If I _ ten years younger, I _ out to try my luck.A. am, wo
6、uld go B. was, will go C. were, would go D. were, would have gone 2.表 示 與 過 去 事 實 相 反 的 假 設連 詞 條 件 從 句 的 動 詞 主 句 動 詞if had done (過 去 完 成時 ) should/ would (could/ might) + have done如 果 我 采 納 了 你 的 建 議 , 我 就 不 會 犯 這 個 錯 誤 了 。If I _(take) your advice, I _(make) this mistake.had takenwouldnt have made如
7、果 他 當 時 用 功 學 習 的 話 , 他 可 能 就 得 到 獎 學 金 了 。If he _(study) hard, he _(win) the scholarship.Had studied如 果 昨 天 他 見 到 你 , 他 就 可 能 問 你 這 個 問 題 。If he _(see) you yesterday, he _(ask) you about it.could have winhad seenWould have asked 1. If I had known you were coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met
8、B. met C. would meet D. would have met2.The fire _, if you had been more careful .A. would not be burning B. would not burn C. would not have been burnt D. would not burnt3. If we _in turn , you _so tired . A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt D. had driven ; wouldnt
9、have got Dc D 3.與 將 來 事 實 相 反 的 假 設連 詞 條 件 從 句 動 詞 主 句 動 詞if 動 詞 過 去 式(did/were) should +動 詞 原 形 were to+動 詞 原 形 should (would/ could/ might )+ do即 使 太 陽 從 西 邊 出 來 , 我 也 不 會 改 變 我 的 心 意 。If the sun _(raise) in the west, I _(not change) my mind. raised/should raid/ were to raisewould not change 如 果 明
10、 天 下 雨 , 我 們 將 不 去 公 園 了 。If it _(rain) tomorrow, we _ (go) to the park.rained would not go如 果 我 們 再 有 另 外 7天 假 的 話 , 我 們 都 會 感 到跟 高 興 的 。If we _(have) another 7-day holiday, all of us _(be) more happierhadwould be 1. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been
11、able C. were not able D. are not able 2. If it _ rain this evening, I would not go to see this American film.A. would B. should C. could D. might3. If it _ to snow next week, I would not go to visit that mountain village.A. is B. be C. were D. are 一、if 條件句中的虛擬語氣時 間 If 條 件 句 主 句過 去現(xiàn) 在將 來 had done( 過
12、去 完 成 時 )過 去 式 (did)be were did / were should +do were to do would should +have done sthcouldmightwould should + do sthcouldmightwould should + do sthcouldmight 1. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent
13、 D. were; would have prevented2. If my father _ here the day after tomorrow, he _ me at all.A. came, cant see B comes, couldnt see C. comes, couldnt have seen D. came, couldnt see3. If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay C. would be; would pay
14、 D. were; would pay 如 果 明 天 下 霧 , 我 就 不 能 開 車 去 購 物 。 If it _ foggy tomorrow, I _ my car to go shopping. 2. 如 果 我 是 一 個 男 孩 , 我 當 然 會 去 參 軍 . If I _ a boy, I _ certainly join the army. 3. 如 果 你 開 車 更 小 心 一 點 , 就 不 會 出 這 樣 的 事故 . If you _ your car more carefully, such a traffic accident _. werecouldn
15、t drive were would had driven couldnt have happened 4. 錯 綜 時 間 條 件 句 條 件 從 句 謂 語 動 詞 發(fā) 生 的 時 間 與 主 句 所 假設 的 謂 語 動 詞 不 一 致 , 叫 做 錯 綜 時 間 條 件條 件 句 。 主 句 和 從 句 的 謂 語 動 詞 要 根 據(jù) 各 自 所 指 的不 同 時 間 選 用 適 當 的 虛 擬 語 氣 形 式 。 如 果 你 昨 天 與 他 交 談 一 下 , 你 就 知 道 現(xiàn) 在該 做 什 么 了 。 If you had spoken to him yesterday, you
16、 would know what to do now. 如 果 你 ( 那 時 ) 聽 從 我 的 建 議 的 話 , 現(xiàn) 在 就 不會 有 事 了 。 ( 從 句 說 的 是 過 去 的 事 情 , 而 主句 說 的 是 現(xiàn) 在 的 事 情 ) If you _(follow) the doctors advice, you _(be) all right now. 如 果 氣 候 再 好 些 , 莊 稼 會 長 的 更 好 。 If the weather _(be) finer, the crops _(be) growing still better. had followedwoul
17、d behad beenwould be 1. If you _ the medicine, you _ better now. A. took ; would feel B. had taken ; felt C. had taken ; would feel D. took ; would have felt 2. If you were older , I _ you to go there yesterday . A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 3.If we had known th
18、at she had planned to go abroad today, we _ at the airport. A. will see her off B. have seen her off C. would see her off D. had seen her off4. - Is he feeling any better ? - No, if he had followed the doctors advice, he _ quite all right now . A. will have been B. would have been C. would be D. wil
19、l be 5.條 件 句 中 虛 擬 語 氣 的 倒 裝 ; 條 件 從 句 中 含 有 should, were, had 三 個 助動 詞 ,并 且 條 件 句 在 句 子 前 面 , 可 以 把 if省 略 ,然 后 把 相 應 助 動 詞 提 到 句 首 。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round th
20、at lake again. 1. If there should be a flood, what should we do? _a flood, what should we do?2. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. . _I would have run round that lake again.3. If I had taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now. _my umbrel
21、la with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now.Should there beHad I had timeHad I taken 1. Had I known her name, _ A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live? C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch. 9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all rig
22、ht now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 2. _ your offer of rice and vegetables, we would have gone hungry.A. If it hasnt been for B. WithC. Has it not been for D. Had it not been for 注 : 并 不 是 所 有 的 if引 導 的 條 件 句 都 用 虛 擬語 氣 。 當 if引 導 的 條 件 句 的 假 設 非 常 可 能 實 現(xiàn) 時 ,就 不 用 虛 擬 語 氣 , 這 種 條 件
23、 句 叫 做 “ 真 實條 件 句 ” 。 If the temperature(溫 度 ) is up to 100 , the water will boil. It is raining. If we go out, well get wet. Hurry up! If we dont hurry, well be late. If he comes, tell him to wait. 需 要 用 虛 擬 的 條 件 句 , 叫 做 “ 虛 擬 條 件句 ” 。 1. The volleyball match will be put off, if it _. A. will rain
24、 B. rains C. rained D. is rained2. - Would you have called her up, _ possible? - Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. it had been was B. if it was were C. if it had been had been D. if it were would be BA 6. 含 蓄 虛 擬 條 件 句 有 時 假 設 的 情 況 并 不 以 if引 導 的 條 件 句 的 形式 表 現(xiàn) 出 來 。 而 是 通 過 一 個 介 詞 短 語 或 其 他方
25、 式 表 現(xiàn) 出 來 , 這 叫 做 含 蓄 虛 擬 語 氣 條 件 句 。 without, with, but for(要 不 是 ), under eg. Without your help(= if we had no had your help), we could not have succeeded. 如 果 沒 有 你 的 幫 助 , 我 們 是 不 會 成 功 的 。 eg. With better equipment( = If we had had better equipment), we could have done it better. 如 果 又 跟 好 的 設
26、 備 , 我 們 也 許 會 做 的 更 好 。 eg. But for electricity(= if there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry. 要 是 沒 有 電 , 就 不 會 有 現(xiàn) 代 工 業(yè) 。 eg. Under such circumstances, I would have done the same. 在 這 樣 的 情 況 下 , 我 也 會 做 同 樣 的 事 情 。 二 、 名 詞 性 從 句 中 的 虛 擬 語 氣主 語 從 句 , 賓 語 從 句 ,表 語 從 句 , 同 位 語
27、 從 句 主 語 從 句 中 的 虛 擬 語 氣(should +do) 句 型 1. It is+ adj. +that引 導 的 主 語 從 句 此 句 型 中 adj. 指 的 是 形 容 事 情 重 要 性 , 令 人吃 驚 , 失 望 的 形 容 詞 。 如 : important, essential( 緊 要 的 ), vital(極 其 重 要的 )urgent( 緊 迫 的 ), imperative(迫 切 的 ) ,necessary, appropriate(適 當 的 ), advisable(合 理 的 ), natural, proper(合 適 的 ), str
28、ange 重 要 的 是 你 一 定 要 吃 藥 。 It is important that you _(take) the medicine. 他 有 必 要 參 加 這 次 考 試 。 It is necessary that he _ (take) the exam. 她 竟 然 嫁 給 了 這 種 人 , 真 奇 怪 /令 人 驚 奇 /令 人失 望 。 It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she should marry such a man.(should) take(should) take 句 型 2: It is a
29、 pity/ shame that. It is a pity/ shame that he (should) be late. 真 可 惜 , 他 竟 然 遲 到 了 。 句 型 3: It is+ 過 去 分 詞 + that. 過 去 分 詞 指 : 表 示 建 議 , 命 令 , 要 求 的 。如 : ordered, suggested, requested, required, recommended, demanded, desired.e.g. It suggested that he should join the club activities. 有 人 建 議 他 應 該
30、 參 加 俱 樂 部 活 動 1. It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak2. It is strange that he _ so. A. would say B. would speak C. should say D. will speak3.It is suggested that we _ (make) a special study of the problem. Its vital to her that she _ (take
31、) this medicine. (Should) maketake 2. 賓 語 從 句 中 的 虛 擬 語 氣( 1) 常 見 動 詞 : 一 個 堅 持 , 兩 個 命 令 , 三 個 建 議 , 四 個 要 求 。1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand , require, request, desire 這 些 動 詞 后 面 的 賓 語從 句 要 使 用 虛 擬 語 氣 。即 :從 句 中 的 動 詞 使 用should + 動 詞 原 形 , 或者 將 should省 略 。 我 們 建 議
32、Tom 去 休 息 一 下 。 他 堅 決 要 求 我 到 場 。We suggested that Tom _ a rest.He insisted that I (should ) be present.( should) have 國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。他們要求我們派他們去那兒工作。The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there. 注意: 當 insist: 不 表 示 “ 堅 持 要 某 人 做 某事
33、 ” , 而 表 示 “ 堅 持 說 , 堅 決 認 為 ” 不用 虛 擬 語 氣 , 用 陳 述 語 氣 。 當 suggest: 不 表 示 “ 建 議 某 人 做 某事 ” ,而 表 示 “ 暗 示 ” 時 , 不 用 虛 擬 , 用陳 述 語 氣 。 他 堅 持 說 他 是 對 的 。 He insisted that he was right.他 堅 持 要 求 我 們 到 場 。1) He insisted that we should present. ( 2) 她 臉 上 的 微 笑 暗 示 我 做 的 好 。 The smile on her face suggested I
34、 did a good job. 老 師 建 議 我 們 多 讀 英 語 。O ur teacher suggested that we read more English. 1. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set 2. Marys uncle insists_ in this hotel . A, not staying B. not to s
35、tay C. that he not stay D. staying not 3.The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year. A. has B. had C. have D. will have 3. 表 語 從 句 和 同 位 語 從 句 中 的 虛 擬 語 氣 一 個 堅 持 , 兩 個 命 令 , 三 個 建 議 , 四 個 要 求 。相應的名詞 insistenceorder, commandsuggestion, advice, proposaldemand, requirement,
36、request, desire修 飾 這 些 名 詞 時 表 語 從 句和 同 位 語 也 要 使 用 虛 擬 語氣 。 從 句 中 的 動 詞 形 式 should +v. 我 的 建 議 是 在 村 莊 周 圍 多 種 些 樹 。 My advice is that more trees _ (plant) around the village. 他 們 的 提 議 是 要 我 們 為 他 們 成 立 一 所 業(yè) 余 學校 。 Their proposal is that we _ (set up) a spare time school for them. 他 的 意 見 是 我 們 應
37、 討 論 一 下 這 個 報 告 。 His requirement is that we _ (discuss) the report. (should) be plantedshould set up(should) discuss 我 們 都 同 意 他 的 意 見 , 去 北 京 觀 光 。 We all agreed to his suggestion that we _ (go) to Beijing for sightseeing. 你 認 為 我 們 立 即 開 始 第 二 次 實 驗 的 意 見 怎 么樣 ? What do you think of the idea tha
38、t we _(begin) the second experiment at once? 我 們 所 有 的 人 都 贊 同 關 閉 這 家 化 工 廠 。All of us are for the that the chemical factory _ (be)closed down.(should) goshould beginshould be 1. His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. try B. tries C. must try D. can try 2. The order that the prisone
39、r _arrived too late. A. is set free B. should set free C. be set free D. will be set free3. His suggestion that the meeting_ was turned down. A. be delayed B. will be delayed C. would delayed D. is delayed 4. My is that she _to see me once a week. A. should came B. will come C. is coming D. come5. T
40、he order is that you _ that person as quickly as possible. A. found B. will find C. should find D. would find 1.用 虛 擬 語 氣 的 名 詞 性 從 句 , 都 是 that引 導的 。 2.用 虛 擬 語 氣 的 名 詞 性 從 句 , 其 形 式 都 是 : should + do (should 可 以 省 略 )3. 主 語 從 句 “ it is that” 賓 、 表 、 同 位 語 從 句 : 注 意 表 示 一 個 堅 持 ,兩 個 命 令 , 三 個 建 議 ,
41、四 個 要 求 的 詞 。 三 、 其 他 句 型 中 的 虛 擬 語 氣 1. wish的 賓 語 從 句 wish的 賓語 從 句現(xiàn)在:過去:未來:過去時 (did/were)過去完成時 (had done)would/could/might+V. 不能用shouldI wish I were a bird. (現(xiàn) 在 )I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (過 去 )We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未 來 ) 1.- He is a very brave man . -Yes , I wish I _hi
42、s courage . A. have B. had C. will have D. may have 2. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night . was B. were C. had been D. should go 3.I wish I _ you yesterday . seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 4. I wish I _ ten years younger . A. am B. were C. am going to D. be 5.I wish that
43、 you _. get a good job B. will get a good job C. would get a good job D. have got a good job 6. -Dont you want to go to a karaoke bar with us ? -I wish I _ , but I have an appointment . A. may B. could C. can D. should 7. -You _ have set aside more time to play with our kids . - I wish I _ , but you
44、 know how busy I was . should; would B. could ; did A. C. might ; should D. should ; had 2. Its time +that 從 句 中 要 用虛 擬 語 氣 ( 過 去 式 或 should + do)不 可 省 略 should你 該 走 了 。(about/high)Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.我 們 該 去 睡 覺 了 。Its time that we _ (go) to bed .Its time th
45、at we _(go) to bed. wentshould go 1. Its time we _ our meeting . A. must begin B. begin C. begun D. began2.- Tommy , isnt it time you _ the school bus ?- O kay, I _ my breakfast .A. should catch; have almost finished B. catch ; will almost finishingC. caught ; am almost finishing D. will catch ; alm
46、ost finish 24. Everybody has arrived . Its time we _ the meeting . A. would start B. had started C. shall start D. started 3. would rather+ that 引導賓語從句中( 我 寧 愿 ) 過 去 :現(xiàn) 在 :未 來 :過去時( did/ were)過去時( did/ were)過去完成時(had done)我 寧 愿 你 現(xiàn) 在 就 付 給 我 錢 。 ( 現(xiàn) 在 )I would rather you _(pay) me now.paid我 寧 愿 你 昨
47、天 也 走 了 。 ( 過 去 ) I would rather you _ (go) too yesterday. had gone 別 來 , 我 寧 愿 你 明 天 來 。 (未 來 )Dont come. I would rather you_ (come) tomorrow. came 回 顧 : would rather + 動 詞 原 形 意 謂 “ 寧 可 ” 、“ 寧 愿 ” 、 “ 最 好 ” E.g.: Hed rather work in the countryside. 其 否 定 形 式 是 would rather not do sth E.g. : Mr. Li
48、 would rather not listen to rock music. 如 果 表 示 對 過 去 的 愿 望 : would rather+ have done 我 寧 愿 昨 天 沒 有 碰 到 他 。 I would rather not have met you yesterday. 1. - Do you mind if I leave the window open? - Well, Id rather you _ . A. dont B. didnt C. wont D. mustnt2. - Would you like to work in my company? -
49、 Sorry , Id rather _ here , but Id rather my brother _ to your company . A. staying ; goes B. to stay ; to go C. stay ; went D. to stay ; goes 3. -Did you blame him for his mistakes ? - Yes , but Id rather _ it . A. not do B. not to do C. have not done D. not have done as if 和 as though 都 表 示 “ 好 像
50、是 ” , 引 導的 從 句 只 要 表 示 “ 與 事 實 相 反 的 ” , 都 要用 虛 擬 語 氣 。4. as if /though + 從 句現(xiàn)在:過去:過去時/ were過去完成時他 的 說 話 就 像 是 認 識 我 一 樣 。He talks as if he _ (know) me.她 像 愛 自 己 兒 子 一 樣 愛 這 個 孩 子 。She loves the baby as if it _(be) her own son.wereknew我 記 得 這 件 事 , 好 像 昨 天 剛 發(fā) 生 一 樣 。I remember the whole thing as if
51、 it _(happen) yesterday.had happened : 此 句 型 中 的 “ 現(xiàn) 在 ” 和 “ 過 去 ”指 是 :as if 應 到 的 從 句 動 詞 和 主 句 動 詞 之 間的 關 系 。 (1) 現(xiàn) 在 : 指 從 句 動 詞 和 主 句 動 詞 同 時 發(fā) 生 : He looks as if he were ill. (他 現(xiàn) 在 看 起 來 好 像 有 病 。 ) He looked as if he were ill. (他 那 時 看 起 來 好 像 有 病 。 ) (2) 過 去 : 指 的 是 從 句 動 詞 發(fā) 生 在 主 句 動 詞之 前
52、: I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. 1. Franklin looked as though he _ ill for a long time . A. was B. were C. had been D. has been 2. Kitty talks as if she _ on the spot . A. is B. were C. has been D. be 3.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _ all about that. A. know
53、 B. knows C. known D. knew 1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has breaks C. were broken D. had been broken2. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years . A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 5.even if / though 引 導 讓 步 狀 語 從 句
54、時 ,表 示 “ 即 使 ” , 導 表 示 真 實 情 況 相 反 的 情 況時 , 需 要 使 用 虛 擬 。時 間 引 導 詞 從 句 動 詞 主 句 動 詞 過 去 Even if 過 去 完 成 時( had done) would/ should/ could/ might+ have dong現(xiàn) 在 或將 來 過 去 時 ( be 用 were) would/ should/ could/ might+ 動 詞 原 形 (do) 即 使 我 現(xiàn) 在 有 車 , 我 也 不 借 給 你 。 Even if I _(have) a car, I _ ( not lend) it to
55、 you.had即 使 毛 主 席 在 這 里 , 我 也 這 么 說 。Even if Chairman Mao _ (be) here, I would still say like this. were would not lend即 使 昨 天 他 不 幫 我 , 我 也 能 找 到 他 。Even if you _(help) me, I _ (find) him too.had not helpedcould have found 1. - Could I have another chance? - I have married now. Even I _ you earlier
56、, I _ you. A. know; would not marry B. had known; would not marry C. known; would not have married D. had known; would not have married 2. Even if he _ money, he would not help you. A. had B. have C. had had D. would have 6. If only 要 是 就 好 了 If only 引 導 的 感 嘆 句 要 求 用 虛 擬 語 氣 , 表 示 愿 望 。 表 示 與 現(xiàn) 在 或
57、 未 來 事 實 相 反 的 愿 望 :用 過 去 式 或 ” would/ could + 動 詞 原 形要 是 他 在 這 兒 就 好 了 。If only he _ (be) here!were你 要 是 聽 我 們 的 建 議 就 好 了 。If only you _ (listen) to our advice.would listen 表 示 與 過 去 事 實 相 反 的 愿 望 要 是 上 周 我 不 忙 該 多 好 啊 。 If only I _( be ) busy last week!had been過 去 完 成 時 : had done如 果 你 聽 我 們 的 建
58、議 就 好 了 。If only you _ (listen) to our advice.had listened 1. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen2. If only I _ my watch! A. hadnt lost B. havent lost C. didnt lost D. dont lose3. I miss Tommy very much! If only I _him again! A. see B. will see C. could see D. had seen
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