罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置

罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置,罪犯,逃逸,車迫停,裝置 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）開題報告 說 明 1．根據(jù)學(xué)?！懂厴I(yè)設(shè)計(論文)工作暫行規(guī)定》，學(xué)生必須撰寫《畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）開題報告》。開題報告作為畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）答辯委員會對學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。 2．開題報告應(yīng)在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下，由學(xué)生在畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）工作前期內(nèi)完成，經(jīng)指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見及所在專業(yè)教研室論證審查后生效。開題報告不合格者需重做。 3．畢業(yè)設(shè)計開題報告各項內(nèi)容要實事求是，逐條認(rèn)真填寫。其中的文字表達(dá)要明確、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語言通順，外來語要同時用原文和中文表達(dá)。第一次出現(xiàn)縮寫詞，須注出全稱。 4．開題報告中除最后一頁外均由學(xué)生填寫，填寫各欄目時可根據(jù)內(nèi)容另加附頁。 5．閱讀的主要參考文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)在10篇以上（土建類專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)篇數(shù)可酌減），其中外文資料應(yīng)占一定比例。本學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)和專業(yè)課教材一般不應(yīng)列為參考資料。 6．參考文獻(xiàn)的書寫應(yīng)遵循畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）撰寫規(guī)范要求。 7．開題報告應(yīng)與文獻(xiàn)綜述、一篇外文譯文和外文原文復(fù)印件同時提交，文獻(xiàn)綜述的撰寫格式按畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）撰寫規(guī)范的要求，字?jǐn)?shù)在2000字左右。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)開題報告 課題名稱 罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置設(shè)計 本設(shè)計的科學(xué)依據(jù) （科學(xué)意義和應(yīng)用前景，國內(nèi)外研究概況，目前技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀、水平和發(fā)展趨勢等） 1、 罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置的科學(xué)意義和應(yīng)用前景 1、 罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置的科學(xué)意義 1） 該裝置抓捕效果好，能提升追捕逃逸嫌疑犯的效率； 2） 在車輛高速行駛式，讓其后某一個車輪停止轉(zhuǎn)動致使迫停，并且不發(fā)生翻車等事故，減少傷亡； 3） 相對于其它的技術(shù)，該裝置的構(gòu)造簡單，制造簡易，可大大減少人力與物力的損耗； 2、罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置的應(yīng)用前景 隨著社會的發(fā)展，人類安全意識的提高和社會資源利用的高效與資源的節(jié)約。人們會愈發(fā)趨向簡單高效的裝置。人類對生命權(quán)利的意識提高，或許及時是罪犯在捕獲之后仍有權(quán)利生存下去，無需用極端的手段致使罪犯或是警匪雙方發(fā)生傷亡，因此簡單高效安全的裝置會被優(yōu)先選擇。所以該項技術(shù)裝置很有發(fā)展的前景和很高的利用價值。 二、罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置的國內(nèi)外研究概況 1、罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置國外研究狀況 國外該技術(shù)尚未完全使用，處于對不同的車及不同速度下的迫停效果的試驗，尚未將該裝置完全裝配到每一輛警車上，國外仍舊普遍在車頭保險杠處安裝碰撞桿配合直升機(jī)追蹤或是無人機(jī)追蹤技術(shù)等。 國內(nèi)對于該項技術(shù)則處于認(rèn)知階段，尚未介入研究，而且國內(nèi)對追捕罪犯逃逸車輛的意識尚處于開始階段，對警車配備的裝置尚少，但國內(nèi)一直在加緊步伐，研究新技術(shù)，制造新裝置，對該項裝置加緊了了解。 3、 罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置的發(fā)展水平 現(xiàn)在，在我國對罪犯逃逸車的控制手段仍舊處于設(shè)置路障，讓其在穿過路障時，輪胎被扎破，最終迫停；仍舊無法在追蹤運動過程中迫停，所以仍有很大的發(fā)展空間，發(fā)展水平處于開始階段。 設(shè)計內(nèi)容和預(yù)期成果 （具體設(shè)計內(nèi)容和重點解決的技術(shù)問題、預(yù)期成果和提供的形式） 1、 罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置設(shè)計內(nèi)容 翻轉(zhuǎn)折疊打開的梯形架；梯形架兩要邊上的纏繞式阻車網(wǎng)；夜里傳動裝置選擇。 二、預(yù)期成果 1、設(shè)計目標(biāo)： 根據(jù)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計要求，完整地設(shè)計出裝配圖一套、零件圖若干，設(shè)計出的產(chǎn)品能應(yīng)用于實際生產(chǎn)中。 2、設(shè)計要求：系統(tǒng)地說明設(shè)計過程中問題的解決（確定傳動和結(jié)構(gòu)方案及零件材料的選擇）及相關(guān)計算。計算內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括有關(guān)計算簡圖，如主要參數(shù)的選擇及設(shè)計與校核、傳動方案簡圖、相關(guān)零件的受力分析圖等。 3、計算過程完整有序，計算結(jié)果正確清晰，文字說明簡明通順。計算過程只需列出已知條件、計算公式，將有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)代入公式，省略計算過程，直接寫出計算結(jié)果。將計算結(jié)果整理后，寫入右邊欄內(nèi)，并注明此結(jié)果是否“合用”或“安全”等結(jié)論。 4、任務(wù)完成驗收時提供材料：設(shè)計說明書一份，總裝配圖1張、零件圖若干。 擬采取設(shè)計方法和技術(shù)支持 （設(shè)計方案、技術(shù)要求、實驗方法和步驟、可能遇到的問題和解決辦法等） 1、 設(shè)計方法 查閱資料，罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置的參數(shù)并運用caxa畫出產(chǎn)品的零件圖和裝配圖。 2、 技術(shù)要求 設(shè)計以罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置機(jī)構(gòu)，利用纏繞式繩網(wǎng)纏繞車輛某一個后輪使其車輪停止轉(zhuǎn)動達(dá)到迫停的目。 3、 可能遇到的問題 罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置工作方式與工作簡圖自己查詢相關(guān)資料； 若裝配圖有問題，可以查閱資料或請教同學(xué)； 實現(xiàn)本項目已具備的條件 （包括過去學(xué)習(xí)、研究工作基礎(chǔ)，現(xiàn)有主要儀器設(shè)備、設(shè)計環(huán)境及協(xié)作條件等） 設(shè)計參數(shù)： 裝置高500mm,腰邊長1500mm。 數(shù)據(jù)如果有沖突，可以適當(dāng)自己調(diào)整。 各環(huán)節(jié)擬定階段性工作進(jìn)度 (以周為單位) 1-4周 完成開題報告 5-6周 查閱資料，確定設(shè)計方案 7-8周 計算所需參數(shù) 9-10周 畫出各個零件圖和裝配圖 11-12周 編寫設(shè)計說明書 13-14周 細(xì)節(jié)工作，準(zhǔn)備答辯 開 題 報 告 審 定 紀(jì) 要 時 間 地點 主持人 參 會 教 師 姓 名 職 務(wù)（職 稱） 姓 名 職 務(wù)（職 稱） 論 證 情 況 摘 要 記錄人： 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 意 見 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 年 月 日 教 研 室 意 見 教研室主任簽名： 年 月 日 第 4 頁 共4頁 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)文獻(xiàn)綜述 罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置的文獻(xiàn)綜述 摘要： 汽車迫停裝置是一項簡易且十分有效的現(xiàn)場追捕逃逸車的裝置。本文即對此裝置進(jìn)行了研究。 當(dāng)今，我們可以了解到許多追捕的技術(shù)或是裝置，例如：電子追捕裝置或是衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)。但這些裝置或是技術(shù)要么昂貴要么現(xiàn)場實效性不強(qiáng)，而我們這項技術(shù)裝置通過有效鎖止車后輪，實現(xiàn)對逃逸車的迫停和對嫌疑犯的抓捕。我們通過采集各類車后懸長度然后制定出最佳的裝置架構(gòu)長度，通過采集各類車輪參數(shù)然后制定出最佳的架構(gòu)寬度和繩網(wǎng)的最佳布置。此項逃逸車迫停裝置有效的解決了經(jīng)濟(jì)性問題且制造更加簡易，若與定位技術(shù)配合使用實效性最佳。 關(guān)鍵字：迫停 ；簡易 ；經(jīng)濟(jì)實效 Locking device for escape vehicle of criminal Abstract: Vehicle stopping device is a simple and very effective device to track and escape the escape vehicle. In this paper, the device is studied. Today, we can learn many of the techniques or devices that are pursued, such as electronic capture devices or satellite positioning techniques. But these devices or technology is either expensive or effective in the field, and our technology is designed to stop the car and capture the suspect by effectively locking the rear wheels of the car. We collect all kinds of rear suspension length and then develop the best device structure length, by collecting all kinds of wheel parameters and then making the best frame width and the best arrangement of rope net. The escape vehicle is forced to stop the device to effectively solve the economic problems and the manufacturing is easier, if and positioning technology combined with the effectiveness of the best. Key words: Summary ；economic effectiveness ；forced stop 1、 罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置科學(xué)意義及目的 1） 該裝置抓捕效果好，能提升追捕逃逸嫌疑犯的效率； 2） 在車輛高速行駛式，讓其后某一個車輪停止轉(zhuǎn)動致使迫停，并且不發(fā)生翻車等事故，減少傷亡； 3） 相對于其它的技術(shù)，該裝置的構(gòu)造簡單，制造簡易，可大大減少人力與物力的損耗； 二、罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置的國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀 （一）罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置國外研究狀況 國外該技術(shù)尚未完全使用，處于對不同的車及不同速度下的迫停效果的試驗，尚未將該裝置完全裝配到每一輛警車上，國外仍舊普遍在車頭保險杠處安裝碰撞桿配合直升機(jī)追蹤或是無人機(jī)追蹤技術(shù)等。 國內(nèi)對于該項技術(shù)則處于認(rèn)知階段，尚未介入研究，而且國內(nèi)對追捕罪犯逃逸車輛的意識尚處于開始階段，對警車配備的裝置尚少，但國內(nèi)一直在加緊步伐，研究新技術(shù)，制造新裝置，對該項裝置加緊了了解。 三、罪犯逃逸車迫停裝置的發(fā)展趨勢 隨著社會的發(fā)展，人類安全意識的提高和社會資源利用的高效與資源的節(jié)約。人們會愈發(fā)趨向簡單高效的裝置。人類對生命權(quán)利的意識提高，或許及時是罪犯在捕獲之后仍有權(quán)利生存下去，無需用極端的手段致使罪犯或是警匪雙方發(fā)生傷亡，因此簡單高效安全的裝置會被優(yōu)先選擇。所以該項技術(shù)裝置很有發(fā)展的前景和很高的利用價值。 4、 總結(jié) 隨著社會的發(fā)展，人類安全意識的提高和社會資源利用的高效與資源的節(jié)約。人們會愈發(fā)趨向簡單高效的裝置。人類對生命權(quán)利的意識提高，或許及時是罪犯在捕獲之后仍有權(quán)利生存下去，無需用極端的手段致使罪犯或是警匪雙方發(fā)生傷亡，因此簡單高效安全的裝置會被優(yōu)先選擇。所以該項技術(shù)裝置很有發(fā)展的前景和很高的利用價值。 五、參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 機(jī)械設(shè)計/濮良貴，陳國定，吳立言主編；西北工業(yè)大學(xué)機(jī)械原理及機(jī)械零件教研室編著?！本焊叩冉逃霭嫔?，2013.5 [2] 車輛人機(jī)工程學(xué)/毛恩榮，張紅，宋正河編著?！本罕本├砉ご髮W(xué)出版社，2007.2. [3] 汽車?yán)碚?余志生主編，—北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2009.3. [4]互換性與測量技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)/王伯平主編?！本簷C(jī)械出版社，2013.9 [5] 王望予.汽車設(shè)計[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2004.1 [6] 機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)/于駿一，鄒青主編?！本簷C(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2009.2 [7]MartinW.Stockel,MartinT.Stockel.AutoFundamentals[R].U.S.A.GoodheartWilcoxCompany.2003：102-110. [8]JurgenSclunidt.WorldConfeernceExhibitionOnPVsolarEnergyConversionNiennaAustria.1998:11 [9]機(jī)械制圖/馬蘭，徐麗娟主編?！本簷C(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2012.8 [10]汽車液壓與氣壓傳動/齊曉杰主編。—北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2011.8. 指導(dǎo)教師意見 指導(dǎo)教師： 年 月 日 專業(yè)教研室審查意見 負(fù)責(zé)人： 年 月 日 第 4 頁 共 4 頁 譯文標(biāo)題 阻車技術(shù)的發(fā)展 原文標(biāo)題 Analysis and development of car blocking technology 作 者 Aries Michael 譯 名 亞力士邁克爾 國 籍 英國 原文出處 ScienceDirect 現(xiàn)時警方在追捕逃逸車時設(shè)卡堵截常用的手段是設(shè)置路障、布置阻車釘，然而攔截效果并不是十分理想。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，汽車安全技術(shù)尤其是輪胎安全技術(shù)發(fā)展也比較迅速，市場應(yīng)用逐步擴(kuò)大。因此，研究新的阻車迫停技術(shù)對于提高處置突發(fā)事件的成功率具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義，對于提高抓捕嫌疑犯也具有不可小覷的作用。 1.現(xiàn)有阻車裝備技術(shù)分析 （1）八九式阻車釘 八九式阻車釘是常使用的主要阻車器材。該阻車釘是一種利用針刺排氣的方法攔截或阻止各種充氣輪胎的機(jī)動車輛強(qiáng)行通過的制式器材。它可以在各種預(yù)定路面上，使大小貨車、各種小汽車、摩托車等無法通行或中止行駛，是執(zhí)行任務(wù)中封鎖路口，緝拿罪犯、營救人質(zhì)的較為實用器材。 （2）便攜式路障破胎器 便攜路障破胎器也是利用針刺排氣法破壞輪胎實現(xiàn)阻車的。它與八九式阻車釘?shù)牟煌饕? 于聯(lián)系帶的不同，它的聯(lián)系帶是由若干相互交錯的鋁合金條組成。鋁條由可動鉸鏈連接，組成可伸縮的棱形。阻車釘?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)與八九式阻車釘基本相同。該破胎器的改進(jìn)之處在于其收放較為方便。使用時將該破胎器放置并固定在路邊，打開箱蓋，直接拉出阻車釘，在預(yù)定路面上展開，并將其固定在路的另一邊。收放按相反順序進(jìn)行。 （3）遙控阻車釘 遙控阻車釘一般由遙控器、阻車釘箱兩部分組成，其種類多樣，使用相對比較方便。實現(xiàn)了自動布設(shè)、撤收以及車釘?shù)淖詣涌刂?。其原理也是利用針刺排氣法。以上介紹的阻車器（路障破胎器）在阻車技術(shù)原理上是一致的，即針刺排氣法：在車輛通過阻車帶時，阻車釘在車輛自身重力的作用下迅速刺入輪胎，輪胎內(nèi)的高壓氣體通過放氣槽向外排放。同時，隨著車輛的運動慣性及橡膠輪胎本身所具有的彈性壓力，將阻車釘從阻車帶底座中拔出而隨車胎帶走，并繼續(xù)發(fā)揮排氣作用，直至排完為止，從而迫使車輛停止行駛。上述針對輪胎的方法有著固有缺陷，比如在使用中發(fā)現(xiàn)，被阻車輛仍能滑行 50m 左右才能停下，且容易引起翻車等事故，不利于執(zhí)行任務(wù)。 （4）阻車網(wǎng) 纏軸阻車網(wǎng)，包括由特殊材料做成的拉繩編織而成的網(wǎng)體、固定于網(wǎng)體上的刺胎釘。拉繩的相交處構(gòu)成節(jié)點，刺胎釘固定于至少一個節(jié)點處的網(wǎng)體上。按照這種布置方式可以將多個刺胎釘布置在同一個網(wǎng)體上，當(dāng)機(jī)動車輛的輪胎與纏軸阻車網(wǎng)接觸時，其刺胎釘刺破機(jī)動車輛輪胎的效率大大增加；纏軸阻車網(wǎng)還能順著輪胎纏入機(jī)動車輛的輪軸上，導(dǎo)致機(jī)動車輛的輪子無法轉(zhuǎn)動，迫使車輛停下來。 和纏軸阻車網(wǎng)原理類似，X-net(X 網(wǎng))是一種具有強(qiáng)烈粘性的阻攔網(wǎng)，將車輛的行駛系統(tǒng)纏繞，迫使車輛停止。該產(chǎn)品重量輕，使用方便，但缺點是不能重復(fù)使用，因此使用成本很高。（5）剛性攔截系統(tǒng)（剛性攔截路障） 這些類型的剛性攔截系統(tǒng)大多以液壓油缸驅(qū)動剛性攔截板升起進(jìn)行攔截，控制方式有手動、遙控等。這種攔截方式能對非法入侵車輛實施有效攔截。國外已經(jīng)有多家公司生這種產(chǎn)品其中美國 secureUSA.inc 等公司，以色列 Ta’amal Mizra 公司最為著名。盡管剛性攔截裝置可以有效的對車輛實施攔截但是剛性攔截系統(tǒng)也有缺點，主要是： ①對車輛和乘員有可能產(chǎn)生致命性傷害，對生命財產(chǎn)安全沒有保障； ②攔截系統(tǒng)基本上不可重復(fù)使用，使用成本較高； ③由于結(jié)構(gòu)限制，不能實施雙向攔截，逆向車輛可借助坡度強(qiáng)行通過； ④對布防地形要求很高，由于攔截裝置是剛性的，在布防時要求安裝地面非常平整，否則會造成攔截系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)變形，影響正常工作。采用箱型地下安裝方式時，施工的難度很大； ⑤布防寬度調(diào)整困難，采用剛性攔截裝置，其攔截寬度幾乎不可以調(diào)整，因此整個攔截系統(tǒng)很難標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，增加了制造和部署成本。 3. 新研究的阻車迫停技術(shù) 最近幾年出現(xiàn)的新阻車迫停技術(shù)主要有以下幾種。 （1）微波阻車美國陸軍早在1997年提出用微波致殘車輛電子系統(tǒng)的概念，并進(jìn)行了試驗，但是沒有解決小型化輕型化的問題。隨著技術(shù)進(jìn)步，美國尤里卡航空 技術(shù)公司研究出一種小型車載微波遠(yuǎn)距離汽車攔截系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要由電源、振蕩器和天線組成，重 100kg，微波頻率在 350MHz 到 1350MHz 之間，攔 截距離可達(dá) 50m。該系統(tǒng)以汽車發(fā)電機(jī)輸出的直流電作為電源，峰值輸出功率為 2GW，產(chǎn)生持續(xù) 50ns 的能量脈沖束，能量輸出可達(dá) 100J，這些脈沖經(jīng)發(fā)生器可放大至 640KV，然后用由一對耦合傳輸線和一些火花間隙開關(guān)構(gòu)成的振蕩器將放大的直流電轉(zhuǎn)換成微波，最后由一個特別設(shè)計的天線將微波能量波束指向行駛的逃逸車輛，微波能量會擾亂或破壞逃逸車輛的電子系統(tǒng)，尤其是負(fù)責(zé)汽車點火控 制、噴油器、燃油泵控制等重要引擎功能的電子控制單元（ECU），讓其出現(xiàn)短路，從而使發(fā)動機(jī)不熄火。 由于近10多年生產(chǎn)的汽車發(fā)動機(jī)都由集成電 路控制，所以這種無線遙控裝置對大部分汽車都起作用。目前，美國警察正在考慮在所有警車上配備這種裝置。該系統(tǒng)能全天候運行，完全不受天氣情況的影響，也不會對人體產(chǎn)生任何副作用。尤里卡航空技術(shù)公司正致力于完善該攔截系統(tǒng)，使之更加小巧，以便安放在警車、海岸巡邏艇或直升機(jī)里。 （2）化學(xué)劑阻車 目前研發(fā)中的化學(xué)阻車劑主要是發(fā)動機(jī)熄火劑、超滑劑、超級腐蝕劑、超粘劑幾種。發(fā)動機(jī)熄火劑。通過進(jìn)氣口進(jìn)入發(fā)動機(jī)和汽油（柴油）發(fā)生反應(yīng)，使之固化，減緩燃燒速度或者不燃燒，使機(jī)動車輛動力不足而停止。用熄火劑制成的武器主要是阻燃彈和爆燃彈。 阻燃彈。阻燃彈體內(nèi)裝某種窒息性氣體，或是某種能在空氣中迅速膨脹成泡沫的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。 射中目標(biāo)后，或是產(chǎn)生使發(fā)動機(jī)“窒息”的氣體，或是在發(fā)動機(jī)附近生成大量泡沫，使氣缸活塞運動受阻，導(dǎo)致發(fā)動機(jī)“喘振”，致使發(fā)動機(jī)熄火，而對人員的生命并不構(gòu)成危險，只是再不能執(zhí)行 戰(zhàn)斗使命。 爆燃彈。它是一種能使車輛發(fā)動機(jī)“心力衰竭”、不能做功的非致命性彈藥。新研制、開發(fā)的爆燃彈的典型是乙炔彈。乙炔彈的彈體分為兩部分一部分裝水；另一部分裝二碳化鈣。彈體射向車輛后爆炸，水與二碳化鈣迅速作用產(chǎn)生大量乙炔并與空氣混合，組成爆炸性混合物。這樣的混合物被車輛發(fā)動機(jī)吸入氣缸后，在高壓點火下形成大規(guī)模爆燃或爆轟，從而使發(fā)動機(jī)破壞、熄 火，車輛拋錨。 超級潤滑劑。一些物質(zhì)如聚四氟乙烯及其衍生物，噴灑在瀝青、混凝土、草等路面上使得路面幾乎沒有摩擦系數(shù)，猶如在冰上一樣。軍事上，可通過飛機(jī)、導(dǎo)彈、炮彈、炸彈等載體施放到機(jī)場、鐵路、公路上，使敵方的飛機(jī)、火車、汽車 由于跑道、鐵軌和路面太滑而無法起降、行駛，人員行動困難，從而有效地阻止敵方行動，為己方行動贏得時間，掌握戰(zhàn)場主動權(quán)?？梢越栌眠@種原理，警方可以用來封鎖公路、橋梁，使道路上的汽車無法行駛，達(dá)到阻車的目的。超級腐蝕劑。針對橡膠制品，腐蝕性比氫氟酸還要強(qiáng)，造成輪胎、鞋底變質(zhì)，可以使汽車輪胎迅速報廢，使車輛無法行駛。超粘劑主要借助其粘性制劑（或泡沫）的粘連、阻滯作用，達(dá)到限制車輛運動的目的。超粘性聚合劑可以由飛機(jī)和航空彈等施放，它像霧一樣，能夠堵塞飛機(jī)發(fā)動機(jī)、發(fā)電廠冷卻系統(tǒng)、通訊裝備和設(shè)施，也可 用于對付人員，將人粘到所觸摸的任何物品上。 （3）干擾視線阻車 駕駛員在駕駛車輛行駛時，清晰的視野是對路面及車外情況的了解的保證，駕駛員的視野很大程度上被擋風(fēng)玻璃的大小所局限，在擋風(fēng)玻璃被遮擋后，駕駛員的視野極度縮小，失去對路況的判斷，也就無法再繼續(xù)行駛。由此，利用一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)具有粘性而又能迅速在玻璃上擴(kuò)散的特性，將其發(fā)射到恐怖分子所駕汽車前面的擋風(fēng)玻璃上，阻擋其行進(jìn)視野，利用遮蔽視線來達(dá)到阻止車輛行駛目的。這種方法原理比較新穎，但是具體實施有一定的困難還需要克服。也可以考慮使用目前裝備的非致命武器干擾駕駛員視線來實現(xiàn)阻車，比如利用激光眩目器可以使其眩暈，無法駕駛，具有較好的效果。 At present, the police are setting up road blocks and arranging car stops in pursuit of escape vehicles., however, the interception effect is not very satisfactory. With the development of science and technology, the development of automobile safety technology, especially tire safety technology is more rapid, the market application is gradually expanding. Therefore, the study of the new car stopping technology has important practical significance to improve the success rate of handling emergencies, and it has an important role to improve the capture of the suspect.? 1. technical analysis of existing car block equipment ( 1 ) eight - type car stopping The eight - nine - type car arrester is the main vehicle which is often used. The car - stop nail is a kind of standard equipment to intercept or stop the motor vehicles of various pneumatic tyres by means of acupuncture and exhaust. It can be used in a variety of predetermined road, the size of goods vehicles, various cars, motorcycles, such as the lack of access or suspension, is the implementation of the task of blocking crossings, to capture criminals, rescue hostages more practical equipment.? ( 2 ) portable road block potaiqi The portable barrier potaiqi is also the use of acupuncture exhaust method to destroy the tires to achieve the car. It is different from the eight - and - nine - type car arrester Different from the contact zone, its contact zone is made up of a number of interlocking aluminum strips. The aluminum bar is connected by a movable hinge and constitutes a telescopic shape. The structure of the car stop nail is basically the same as that of the eight. The improvement of the potaiqi is that it is convenient and convenient. When used, place the potaiqi and secure it on the side of the road, open the lid, pull directly out the car stop nail, spread on the predetermined road surface, and fix it on the other side of the road. Retraction shall be conducted in reverse order.? ( 3 ) remote controlled retarder The remote control car car nail is generally composed of the remote control, the car car nail box two parts, its various types, relatively convenient to use. Automatic control of automatic layout, withdrawal and car nails is realized. Its principle is also the use of acupuncture exhaust method. The car arrester ( roadblock potaiqi ) introduced above is consistent in principle, that is, the acupuncture exhaust method: when the vehicle passes through the car stop, the car stops quickly into the tire under the action of gravity of the vehicle, and the high pressure gas inside the tire is discharged through the gas chute. At the same time, with the movement inertia of the vehicle and the elastic pressure of the rubber tire itself, the car arrester was pulled out from the base of the car arrester and took off with the tire, and continue to play the exhaust role until the end, so as to force the vehicle to stop driving. The above approach to the tire has inherent defects, such as in use, it is found that the vehicle can still taxi about 50 meters to stop, and easy to cause rollover accidents, adverse to the implementation of the task.? ( 4 ) car retarder network The hang about network, including the cord pull woven by special materials, is fixed to the ci on the net body. The intersection of a pull rope constitutes a node, and the ci nail is fixed to the network at least one node. According to this arrangement, the plurality of ci pins can be arranged on the same net body, when the tyre of the motor vehicle is in contact with the hang about network, the efficiency of the puncture nail punctured the motor vehicle tyre greatly increases; The hang about can also follow the wheel of the wheel to the axle of the motor vehicle, causing the wheel of the motor vehicle to not turn, forcing the vehicle to stop.? Similar to the principle of hang about, x - net ( x - net ) is a strong viscous blocking network, winding the vehicle system, forcing the vehicle to stop. The product is light weight, easy to use, but the disadvantage is that it cannot be used repeatedly, so the use cost is very high. ( 5 ) rigid interception system ( rigid interception barriers ) these types of rigid interception systems are mostly driven by hydraulic rams to lift the rigid interceptor, and the control mode has manual, remote control and so on. This type of interception can effectively intercept illegal traffic vehicles. Companies such as secure Inc., Inc., Inc., Inc., Inc., Inc., Inc., Inc., Inc., Inc., Inc., Inc., Inc., Inc., Israel, Inc., are the most famous. Although the rigid interceptor can effectively intercept vehicles, but the rigid interception system has shortcomings, mainly: ( 1 ) there is a possibility of lethal injury to the vehicle and crew, and there is no guarantee for the safety of life and property;? ② the interception system is basically not reusable, and the use of high cost;? ③ because of the structural restriction, the two-way interception can not be carried out, the reverse vehicle can be passed through the slope;? ④ it is very high requirement for the defending terrain, because the intercepting device is rigid, the installation of the ground is very flat when the defense is deployed, otherwise it will cause the structural deformation of the intercepting system and affect the normal work. When using the box-type underground installation method, the construction is very difficult;? ⑤ the maintenance width adjustment difficulty, using rigid interception device, its interception width can hardly be adjusted, so the whole interception system is difficult to standardize, increase the cost of manufacturing and deployment.? 3. new research on the stopping technology of car stopping In recent years, the new car stopping technology mainly has the following several.? ( 1 ) the United States army of the United States army proposed the concept of microwave disabled vehicle electronic system in 1997, and carried out the test, but did not solve the problem of miniaturization. With the technological progress, the United States eureka aviation The technology company studied a small car microwave remote vehicle interception system. The system is composed of power supply, oscillator and antenna, weighing 100 kg, microwave frequency is 350 MHz to 1350 MHz, stop The cut-off distance can be up to 50 m. The system uses the DC as the output power of the automobile generator as the power supply, the peak output power is 2gw, and the energy output can reach 100j, the energy output can be up to 640, and these pulses can be amplified to 640 kv, and then converted to microwave by an oscillator composed of a pair of coupling transmission lines and some spark gap switches. finally, a specially designed antenna will point microwave energy beam to the fleeing vehicle, microwave energy will disturb or destroy the electronic system of escape vehicle, especially for the vehicle point fire control The electronic control unit ( ECU ) of the important engine function such as system, fuel injector, fuel pump control, let it short circuit, so that the engine will not shut off.? Because the automobile engine produced in recent 10 years is controlled by integrated circuit, this kind of wireless remote control device plays an important role in most cars. Currently, the United States police are considering outfitting all police cars. The system operates around the clock, completely unaffected by the weather conditions and has no side effects on the human body. Eureka airlines is working to improve the interception system and make it more compact so that it can be placed in police cars, coastal patrol boats or helicopters.? ( 2 ) chemical retarder At present, the chemical car arrester mainly is engine flameout agent, super, super corrosive, super agent several. Engine remove from heat agent. Enter the engine and gasoline ( diesel fuel ) through the air inlet to solidify, reduce the burning rate or not burn, and stop the power of the motor vehicle. The weapons made from remove from heat are mainly flame retardant and deflagration bombs. Flame retardant projectile. The flame retardant projectile contains some kind of choking gas, or a chemical that can rapidly expand into foam in the air. After hitting the target, either produce a gas that causes the engine to " choke" or generate a lot of foam near the engine, impede the cylinder piston movement, cause the engine " surge ", cause the engine to stall, and the life of the personnel is not dangerous, but can not be executed again Combat mission. Explosive projectile. It is a Fei ammunition that can cause the vehicle engine " heart failure" and cannot do work. The typical deflagration bomb developed and developed is the typical acetylene bomb. The elastic body of acetylene projectile is divided into two parts. Another part of the Assemble. The projectile explodes into the rear of the vehicle, and the water and calcium carbide react quickly to produce a large amount of acetylene and mix with the air to form an explosive mixture. After the mixture is sucked into the cylinder by the vehicle engine, a mass of deflagration or detonation is formed under high pressure to destroy and extinguish the engine Fire, the vehicle broke down.? Super lubricant. Some substances, such as PTFE and its derivatives, spray asphalt, concrete, grass and other roads to make the road surface almost without friction coefficient, as in the ice. Militarily, aircraft, missiles, artillery shells, bombs, and other vehicles can be cast to the airport, railway, highway, to make the enemy planes, trains, cars Because the runway, the track and the road is too slippery to take off and move, people are difficult to act, so as to effectively prevent the enemy actions, to win time for their actions, to master the battlefield initiative. This principle can be used, the police can be used to blockade roads, bridges, so that cars on the road can not travel, to achieve the purpose of the car. Super corrosive. For rubber products, corrosion is stronger than hydrofluoric acid, resulting in tyre and sole deterioration, can make car tires quickly scrap, so that the vehicle can not run. The super agent mainly depends on the adhesion and blocking of its adhesive agent ( or foam ) to limit the purpose of the vehicle movement. The super aggregation can be cast by aircraft and aircraft bombs, and it can clog aircraft engines, power plant cooling systems, communications equipment and facilities, as well as fog Used against personnel to stick to any item touched.? ( 3 ) jamming line of sight blocking When the driver is driving the vehicle, the clear vision is the assurance of the road and the outside conditions, the driver's vision is largely limited by the size of the windshield, after the windshield is obscured, the driver's vision is extremely narrowed, and the judgment of the road condition can no longer continue. Thus, some of the chemical substances have viscosity and can quickly diffuse the characteristics of the glass, send it to the terrorists to drive the front of the windshield of the windshield, block their road of vision, using shielding sight to achieve the purpose of blocking the vehicle. The principle of this method is novel, but some difficulties still need to be overcome. It can also consider the use of the current equipment of the non - lethal weapons to interfere with the driver's sight to achieve the car stop, such as the use of laser glare device can make it dizzy, unable to drive, has a better effect.