高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二講 數(shù)詞和主謂一致課件

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1、第二講數(shù)詞和主謂一致范圍特點(diǎn)實(shí)例112無(wú)規(guī)律one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten,eleven, twelve1319以-teen 為結(jié)尾thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen2090以-ty 結(jié)尾twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty,ninety2199十位與個(gè)位之間要加連字符“-”twenty-five, sixty-two, ninety-nine10

2、1999百位與十位之間通常用 andthree hundred and twenty-five(美語(yǔ)中常將 and 省略)千以上/6275six thousand two hundred and seventy-five ；1200twelve hundred數(shù)詞一、基數(shù)詞范圍特點(diǎn)實(shí)例119各基數(shù)詞尾加-thfourth, sixth, nineteenth(first,second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth,twelfth 例外)2090 把 y 變 i 后加-ethtwentieth, fortieth, ninetieth2199最 后 一 個(gè) 數(shù) 用 序

3、 數(shù)詞，其余用基數(shù)詞21sttwenty-first，110thone hundred and tenth二、序數(shù)詞時(shí)間表達(dá)漢語(yǔ)示例英語(yǔ)表示法2010 年 6 月 30 日J(rèn)une 30, 2010/30 June, 2010/30th June, 2010七點(diǎn)二十五分(7：25)seven twenty-five/twenty-five past seven十二點(diǎn)五十四分(12：54)twelve fifty four/six to one九點(diǎn)十五分(9：15)nine fifteen/a quarter past nine二點(diǎn)半(2：30)two thirty/half past two二

4、十一點(diǎn)五十分(21：50)twenty-one fifty/ten to twenty-two數(shù)字表達(dá)第二十一twenty-first第一百二十三one hundred and twenty-third三分之一a third二又五分之二two and two-fifths百分之二十20 percent三、數(shù)詞的用法1英語(yǔ)中年月日、鐘點(diǎn)、序數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)、編號(hào)、算式表示法列表2.hundred, thousand, million, billion 表示確切的數(shù)目時(shí)，不能加-s。如：two hundred students。如果表示不確切的數(shù)目，則在后加-s，并與 of 連用。如： hundreds

5、 of teachers, thousands offarmers, millions of stars。3scores of 與 dozens of 都表示概數(shù)，意為“數(shù)十；許多”。如：scores of eggs (許多個(gè)雞蛋), dozens of eggs (許多個(gè)/數(shù)打雞蛋)都是成立的；可以說(shuō) a score of eggs，但不能說(shuō) a dozen ofeggs。4年代的表示法有兩種。如：“在二十世紀(jì)八十年代”可寫(xiě)成 in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s。5“基數(shù)詞名詞”構(gòu)成的定語(yǔ)，其中的名詞用單數(shù)。如：a three-month baby, an 800-wor

6、d composition6序數(shù)詞前如有 the，表示順序。如：the Second World War 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)the first question 第一個(gè)問(wèn)題如果序數(shù)詞前有不定冠詞 a，則表示“再；又”。如：Ive failed six times, but I decided to have a seventh try.我已經(jīng)失敗了六次，但我決定再嘗試一次。原則概念例句語(yǔ)法一致原則指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式Steve Ember is a good player.Children like toys.意義一致原則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于

7、主語(yǔ)所表示的內(nèi)在涵義。主語(yǔ)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)表示單數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式My family are having lunch now.News is travelling fast nowadays.就近原則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語(yǔ)There is a knife and two forks onthe desk.He or you have taken her book.主謂一致主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)要保持人稱和數(shù)上的一致，主語(yǔ)的“人稱”和“數(shù)”決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。一、主謂一致原則一覽表二、概念歸納1表時(shí)間、距離、金額、重量、數(shù)字等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞

8、作“整體”看時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用單數(shù)。如：Two hours is quite enough.兩個(gè)小時(shí)足夠了。2以-s 結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)其意思來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。表學(xué)科的名詞(physics 等)、書(shū)報(bào)名(the Times 等)、國(guó)名(theUnited States 等)或組織名稱(the United Nations 等)及 news 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如 means, works 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)根據(jù)具體情況而定。如：Every means has been tried.每種方法都試過(guò)了。All means have been tried.所有的方

9、法都試過(guò)了。the Olympic Games 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。3集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。people, police, cattle, youth 等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。clothing, furniture, equipment 等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。family, class, government 等名詞表示整體概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，表單位成員時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。4 “a number of/a variety of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”、“the 形容詞”指一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“the number of/the variety of

10、復(fù)數(shù)名詞”、“the形容詞”作主語(yǔ)指抽象的事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The beautiful is loved by all.美的事物人人都愛(ài)。(表抽象概念)5以 and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但名詞前有 each, every, no 修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Walking and riding are good exercises.散步與騎車(chē)是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)。Each boy and each girl wants to have a holiday.每個(gè)男孩與女孩都想要假期。注意：當(dāng) and 連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞在意義上指的是同一人、物或概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單

11、數(shù)。如：The teacher and writer is popular with his students.那位是作家兼老師，很受學(xué)生歡迎。(指同一人)6動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。但what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句視后面的表語(yǔ)而定。如：What we need is time.我們需要的是時(shí)間。What we need are books.我們需要的是書(shū)籍。7 主語(yǔ)后接 with, together with, including, combined with,along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, rather

12、than, inaddition to 等構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.約翰，而不是他的室友，應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。8在“one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞who/that”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng) one 之前有 the only, very 等修飾時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：This is one of the girls who were late for school this morning.她是今天早上上課遲到的女孩之一。This is the only one of the

13、 girls who was late for school thismorning.她是唯一一個(gè)今天早上上課遲到的女孩。9 glasses, shoes, trousers 等復(fù)數(shù)名詞若其前有 pair, kind,type, box of 等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：A pair of shoes is under the bed.床下有一雙鞋。10由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/the rest of/most of名詞/代詞”或“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)of名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視其所接的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定單復(fù)數(shù)。如：Three-fif

14、ths of the books are intended for the poor students. 五分之三的書(shū)是為貧困學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的。The rest of the money belongs to you.剩下的錢(qián)是你的。11由 or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等連接的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)及 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：Not only we but also the teacher likes listening to MP4.不僅是我們，還有老師也喜歡聽(tīng) MP4。12不定代詞(all 指人除外)、“many a名詞單數(shù)”、“morethan one單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：All has been finished.所有的都完成了。All are late for the meeting.所有人開(kāi)會(huì)都遲到了。More than one person has made the suggestion.不只一個(gè)人提出了建議。