2018-2019學年高中三維設計一輪復習英語人教版：高考話題六歷史與地理

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1、 ■子話題(一)　中國歷史 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背話題詞匯 1．dynasty n．　　　　　　　朝代 2．emperor n. 皇帝 3．slavery n. 奴隸制度 4．ancestor n. 祖先 5．origin n. 起源；由來 6．weapon n. 武器 7．aggression n. 侵略 8．revolution n. 革命 9．incident n. 事變 10．invade vt. 侵略 11．occupy vt. 攻占；忙于 12．sacrifice vt. 犧牲 13．betray vt.

2、 背叛；泄露(機密) 14．escape vi. 逃跑；逃走 15．feudal adj. 封建的 16．ancient adj. 古代的 17．primitive adj. 原始的；遠古的 18．historic adj. 歷史上著名(或重要)的 19．historical adj. 與歷史有關的；歷史學的 20．in peace 和平 21．at war 交戰(zhàn) 22．turn against 背叛 23．defend ...against ... 防御…… 24．date back to 追溯到 25．date from 起源于；始于 2

3、6．break out 爆發(fā) 27．in memory of 為了紀念…… 1．domestic adj.　　　　　本國的；國內的；家用的；家庭的 2．interfere vi. 干涉；干擾；妨礙 3．internal adj. 內部的；國內的 4．capture vt. 俘虜；捕獲 5．boundary n. 分界線；邊界 二、必背話題佳句 1．This building which has a long history can date back to the Ming Dynasty. 這座有著悠久歷史的建筑可以追溯到明朝。 2．In ancient

4、times, the fast way to travel was to ride a horse or carriage. 在古代，最快的旅行方式是騎馬或坐馬車。 3．At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty in the seventh century, the lantern displays would last three days. 在七世紀的唐初，彩燈的展示會一直持續(xù)3天。 4．Standing on the top of the hill is a monument, dating back to hundreds of years ag

5、o. 矗立在山頂上的是一座紀念碑，它可以追溯到幾百年前。 5．Only when the system has been abolished will it be possible to abolish poverty, unemployment and war. 只有廢除了這種制度才有可能消除貧困、失業(yè)和戰(zhàn)爭。 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫/用所給詞的適當形式填空 1．As teenagers, we should protect the ancient (古代的) places of interest. 2．Originated from the Han Dynasty (朝代), sha

6、dow puppet play (皮影戲) enjoys a long history in China. 3．Yangzhou was so attractive and important that many Chinese emperors (皇帝) in history had come especially to visit or check the city. 4．It is universally acknowledged that nuclear weapons (武器) are dangerous to human beings. 5．Yesterday afterno

7、on, our school had a practice of escaping (逃跑) from an earthquake. 6．It would help China shift its economy to consumption without sacrificing (犧牲) growth. 7．Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery (slave) in the United States in 1863. 8．What a pity that you can't stay longer, otherwise, you could visit

8、 many other historic (history) places and beautiful scenes. 9．Credit cards have brought about a revolution (revolutionary) in people's daily spending. 10．He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied (occupy) himself with a very important experiment. Ⅱ.選詞填空 1．The female hormones a

9、lso help the body defend itself against some kinds of infection. 2．My grandfather was born in the year when the Second World War broke_out. 3．Most Chinese people like the fairy tale of Cowboy and Weaving girl, which dates_back_to Han Dynasty. 4．Even those who were once for him began to turn_again

10、st him. 5．The monument was built in_memory_of the dead in Wenchuan massive earthquake in 2008. 6．We want to build up a harmonious society, in which everyone lives in_peace and in harmony with each other. Ⅲ.補全句子/句型轉換 1．任何情況下，我們都不能背叛我們的祖國和我們的黨。 Under no circumstances should_we_betray our motherla

11、nd and our Party. 2．Near my home there is a famous temple dating back to the late Ming Dynasty. →Near my home there is a famous temple, which_dates_back_to the late Ming Dynasty. 3．It's well-known that China is a country with a long history. →It's well-known that China is a country which/that_ha

12、s_a_long_history. ■子話題(二)　外國歷史 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背話題詞匯 1．president n．　　　　　　　　　總統(tǒng) 2．parliament n. 議會 3．democracy n. 民主 4．capitalism n. 資本主義 5．constitution n. 憲法；章程 6．conference n. 大會 7．conservative n. 保守派；守舊者 8．religion n. 宗教 9．religious adj. 宗教的 10．racial adj. 種族的 11．prehist

13、oric adj. 史前的 12．attack vt.& n. 進攻；攻擊；侵害 13．explode vi. 爆炸 14．abolish vt. 廢除；取消 15．representative n. 代表 16．immigrant n. 移民 17．prime minister n. 首相 18．independence n. 獨立 19．monument n. 紀念碑 20．independent adj. 獨立的；自食其力的 21．vote for/against 投票支持/反對 22．on behalf of 代表 23．come to

14、 power 上臺執(zhí)政 24．in the long run 從長遠來看 25．declare war on 對……宣戰(zhàn) 26．racial discrimination 種族歧視 1．victim n．　　　　　　　　　　犧牲品；受害者 2．strategic adj. 戰(zhàn)略(上)的；關鍵的 3．triumph n. 勝利；成功 4．mission n. 使命；代表團 5．reinforce vt. 增強；加強 二、必背話題佳句 1．Argentina, whose official language is Spanish, gained its i

15、ndependence from Spain in 1810. 1810年阿根廷從西班牙統(tǒng)治下獲得獨立，其官方語言是西班牙語。 2．Highly respected by his people, he was elected the first black president of South Africa. 由于受到人們的極大尊敬，他當選為南非第一位黑人總統(tǒng)。 3．Mandela, who played an important role in the anti-racial discrimination struggle in South Africa, made great co

16、ntributions to the development of South Africa. 曼德拉對南非的發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻，他在南非的反種族歧視斗爭中扮演著重要的角色。 4．As the United States of America is an immigrant country, people often call it a “Melting Pot”． 由于美國是一個移民國家，人們常把它稱為“大熔爐”。 5．Scotland voted against independence; more than half people chose to remain part of

17、the United Kingdom. 蘇格蘭公投反對獨立，過半數人選擇繼續(xù)留在英國。 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫/用所給詞的適當形式填空 1．The monument (紀念碑), which was built in 1894, stands in the centre of the square. 2．The eastern part of Guangdong Province is usually attacked (侵害) by typhoons every year. 3．When it comes to the president (總統(tǒng)), most of his person

18、al business is already known by the public. 4．Professor Li delivered a speech at the conference (大會), encouraging university graduates to start their own business. 5．Not only should the chemical companies along the river be abolished (取消), but people's awareness of water protection should also be

19、promoted. 6．Vegetarian food is often associated with religious (religion) beliefs; most Buddhists are vegans (素食主義者)． 7．A remote-controlled bomb exploded (explosion) outside a hotel near the town square, injuring at least 12 people. 8．Different racial (race) and religious groups develop their own

20、 religious food preferences. 9．Robert aimed to be independent (independence) of his parents by the time he was twenty. 10．He was elected as the additional representative (represent) and attended the conference. Ⅱ.選詞填空 1．Fearing that most of the citizens voted_against him, he wore a smile. 2．W

21、hen the new emperor came_to_power,_he made peace with all his former enemies. 3．I'm doing a project on_behalf_of my school about global warming. 4．Angary residents have declared_war_on the owners of the factory. 5．Protecting our environment is very costly, but in_the_long_run,_it will benefit th

22、e whole society. Ⅲ.補全句子 1．他作為把世界放進你的手掌心的人將被人們記住。 He will_be_remembered_as the man who puts the world into the palm of your hand. 2．1964年，馬丁·路德·金成為獲得諾貝爾和平獎的最年輕的人，他的目標是結束種族歧視。 In 1964, Martin Luther King, whose_aim_was_to_end_racial_discrimination,_became the youngest person to receive the Nobel

23、 Peace Prize. 3．伽利略是一位在科技革命中起著重要作用的意大利天文學家和哲學家。 Galileo was an Italian astronomer and philosopher, who_played_a_major_role_in the Scientific Revolution. ■子話題(三)　天氣與氣候 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背話題詞匯 1．weather n．　　　　　　　天氣 2．climate n. 氣候 3．haze n. 霧霾 4．mist n. 薄霧 5．fog n. 霧 6．frost n. 霜 7．dr

24、izzle n. 小雨；毛毛雨 8．breeze n. 微風 9．rainbow n. 虹；彩虹 10．rainfall n. 一場雨；降雨量 11．shower n. 陣雨；淋浴 12．storm n. 風暴；暴風雨 13．blow vi. 吹 n. 擊；打擊；吹 14．freeze vi. 結冰；使凍住 15．pour vi. 傾瀉；不斷流出 16．mild adj. 溫和的；暖和的 17．damp adj.& n. 潮濕(的) 18．foggy adj. 有霧的 19．cloudy adj. 多云的；陰天的 20．freezing

25、adj. 凍結的；極冷的 21．snowy adj. 雪(白)的；下雪的；多(積)雪的 22．chilly adj. 寒冷的 23．low-pressure adj. 低壓的 24．freezing point 冰點 25．sub-tropical climate 亞熱帶氣候 26．under the weather 不舒服 27．rain or sunshine 風雨無阻 28．weather forecast 天氣預報 29．average temperature 平均氣溫 1．acid n．　　　　　　　　酸；酸性物質 adj. 酸的；尖刻

26、的 2．haste n. 急速；急忙 3．obscure adj. 陰暗；模糊 4．moisture n. 潮濕 5．vitally adv. 極度；非常；致命地 二、必背話題佳句 1．According to the weather forecast, the temperature is expected to reach 40 degrees centigrade. 根據天氣預報，氣溫可達40攝氏度。 2．It's pleasant to visit my hometown in July and August because it's not too hot i

27、n summer. 七八月份來我的家鄉(xiāng)參觀非常舒適，因為這里夏天不太熱。 3．Some ancient people believed that lightning and thunder were the weapons of the gods. 一些古代人相信閃電和雷聲是神的武器。 4．Now the most important thing for us to do is to take measures to protect us from the haze. 現在，對我們來說要做的最重要的事情就是采取措施保護我們免受霧霾的危害。 5．It was so cold outs

28、ide the room that he had to run and jump to keep warm. 屋子外面太冷了，他不得不又跑又跳來保暖。 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫/用所給詞的適當形式填空 1．Because of the haze weather (天氣), students have fewer outdoor activities than before. 2．The climate (氣候) there is very mild and can make you feel very relaxed and comfortable. 3．It's reported that

29、 the heavy rainfall (降雨量) caused rivers to break their banks, washing away bridges. 4．John was traveling by ship to Europe when a terrible storm (暴風雨) came. 5．I believe that I will finally see a wonderful rainbow (彩虹) after the rainy days! 6．Some measures should be taken to purify the water befor

30、e it is poured (傾瀉) into the rivers. 7．In order to stop the wind from blowing (blow) the earth away, we have planted a lot of trees. 8．The freezing (freeze) Northeast hasn't been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter. 9．There are more sunny days in Beijing while more cloudy (cloud) days

31、in London. 10．Since January 2017, many cities in China have seen a lot of foggy (fog) days. Ⅱ.選詞填空 freezing point，weather forecast，average temperature，under the weather，rain or sunshine 1.The football match will be held, rain_or_sunshine. 2．Weather_forecasts are of great help to farmers. 3．The

32、 freezing_point is the temperature at which water changes into ice. 4．You've been under_the_weather for some days now; why don't you see a doctor? 5．It is reported that the average_temperature within the Arctic Circle has risen by 2—3 degrees centigrade in the past ten years. Ⅲ.補全句子/句型轉換 1．很多人在秋

33、天來看望我們，因為他們喜歡秋天的天氣。 Many people visit us in autumn because_they_like_the_weather. 2．人們正采取有效措施來減少霧霾天氣。 Effective measures are_being_taken_to_reduce the smog weather. 3．Kunming's climate is warm throughout the year with a lot of sunshine, and it is famous as “Spring City”． →Kunming's climate is s

34、o_warm throughout the year with a lot of sunshine that it is famous as “Spring City”． ■子話題(四)　水文和地貌 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背話題詞匯 1．geography n．　　　　　地理 2．capital n. 首都；省會 3．continent n. 陸地；大陸；大洲 4．stream n. 小河；溪流 5．range n. 山脈 6．desert n. 沙漠 7．basin n. 盆地 8．jungle n. 叢林；密林 9．landmark n.

35、 地標性建筑 10．mineral n. 礦物質 11．urban adj. 城市的；郊區(qū)的 12．local adj. 當地的 13．native adj. 本地的；本國的 14．remote adj. 偏遠的；偏僻的 15．mountainous adj. 多山的 16．steep adj. 險峻的；陡峭的 17．be rich in 富含；盛產 18．be separated from 與……分離 19．be located in/lie in 坐落于；位于 20．be surrounded by 被……包圍/環(huán)繞著 21．cover an

36、 area of ... 占地面積為…… 22．take on 呈現 23．off the coast of 在……海岸附近 24．to/on/in the south of 在……的南面(相望/接壤/在內) 1．peak n．　　　　　　　山峰；頂點 2．substantial adj. 可觀的；牢固的；實質的 3．odd adj. 奇特的；古怪的；奇數的 4．navigation n. 航行 5．tide n. 潮汐；潮流 二、必背話題佳句 1．Canada, which is the second largest country in

37、the world, covers an area of 9.98 million square kilometers. 加拿大，世界第二大國，占地面積為998萬平方千米。 2．Located in the south of China, Guangzhou is considered as one of the most modern cities in our country. 廣州位于中國南方，被認為是我國最具現代化的城市之一。 3．My hometown lies at the foot of the mountain, with a big river running in

38、front of it. 我的家鄉(xiāng)就在山腳下，有一條大河從它的前面流過。 4．Besides, there is a beach called Carribean Beach with clear water, where we can swim like a fish. 此外，這里有加勒比海灘，海水清澈，在這里我們可以像魚一樣游泳。 5．As we can enjoy, the scenery is beautiful and the air is fresh, attracting a number of tourists from all over the world. 正如我

39、們所喜歡的，這里風景優(yōu)美，空氣新鮮，吸引著一些來自世界各地的游客。 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Antarctica, which is the coldest continent (大洲) in the world, lies in the extreme south of the earth. 2．Sichuan Province is made up of a basin and some mountainous (多山的) areas. 3．Scientists are trying to make the deserts (沙漠) into good land again. 4．

40、What's more, we should take good care of the jungles (叢林) and plant more trees instead of cutting them down so as to improve our living conditions. 5．In our geography (地理) class, we are learning about rivers. 6．Beijing is the capital (首都) of China, with a long history and lots of famous places. 7

41、．Jack has been to a remote (偏遠的) village to do some voluntary work for two months. 8．As student volunteers, we helped clean the streets in the holidays, and planted trees in local (當地的) parks last year. 9．This country is abundant in natural resources, especially in minerals (礦物質)． 10．The steps so

42、metimes were flat, but sometimes steep (陡峭的)． Ⅱ.選詞填空 be rich in，be separated from，be located in，be surrounded by，take on 1．To some people, happiness is being_surrounded_by family and friends. 2．Taiwan Island, which is_separated_from the mainland by the Taiwan Strait, is part of China. 3．China i

43、s_located_in the east of the Asian mainland and faces the Pacific Ocean on the east. 4．With the approaching of the Spring Festival, the community began to take_on a cheerful atmosphere. 5．Malaysia is_rich_in mineral resources and its mining industry takes an important position in the national econ

44、omy. Ⅲ.補全句子/句型轉換 1．我們的村莊位于山東省的南部，四周環(huán)山。 Our village is located in the south of Shandong Province, with mountains_surrounding_it. 2．Kunming is located in the southwest of China and it is the capital of Yunnan province. →Located_in_the_southwest_of_China,_Kunming is the capital of Yunnan province.

45、 3．The Great Wall is one of the most attractive places of interest, which attracts tens of thousands of visitors from home and abroad every year. →The Great Wall is one of the most attractive places of interest, attracting tens of thousands of visitors from home and abroad every year. Topic 1　C

46、ultural relics (Book 2·Unit 1) [主課文晨讀] IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM Frederick William Ⅰ， the King of Prussia, ?could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, ?which was given this name because several tons of

47、 amber were used to make it.The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country's best artists about ten years to make. In fact

48、, the room was not made to be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William Ⅰ，?to whom the amber room belonged，decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So t

49、he Amber Room became part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg. About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors. Later, Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add m

50、ore details to it. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing. In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St

51、 Petersburg. ?This was a time when the two countries were at war.Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. However, some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself. In less than two days 100,000 pieces

52、 were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for K?nigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, ?what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. Recently, the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber R

53、oom at the summer palace. By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one. In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg ?when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city. ?“情態(tài)動詞＋have done”表示對過去的推測 ?which引導非限制性定語從句，其中又包含because引導的原因狀語

54、從句 ?to whom引導的非限制性定語從句 ?when引導的定語從句 ?what引導主語從句并在從句中作主語 ?when引導的時間狀語從句 [單詞“分類記”] (一)閱讀障礙詞匯(識其形·知其義) 1．ivory n．　　　　　　　　　　象牙 2．amber n. 琥珀；琥珀色 3．trial n. 審判；審訊；試驗 4．relic n. 遺物；遺跡；紀念物 5．mystery n. 神秘；神秘的事物 (二)高考高頻詞匯(知其義·寫其形) 1．local adj. 本地的；當地的 2．former adj. 以前的；從前的 3．entrance

55、 n. 入口 4．style n. 風格；風度；類型 5．select vt. 挑選；選擇 6．remove vt. 移動；搬開 7．sink vi. 下沉；沉下 8．debate n. 爭論；辯論 vi. 爭論；辯論 9．design n. 設計；圖案；構思 vt. 設計；計劃；構思 10．fancy adj. 奇特的；異樣的 vt. 想象；設想；愛好 (三)活學活用詞匯(記得清·用得活) Ⅰ.根據詞性和詞義寫出下列單詞 1．explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸 2．evidence n．根據；證據→evident adj

56、.明顯的；明白的 3．decorate v．裝飾；裝修→decoration n．裝飾；裝修；裝飾物 4．doubt n．懷疑；疑惑vt.懷疑；不信→doubtful adj.懷疑的 5．valuable adj.貴重的；有價值的→value n．價值；價格；重要性 6．survive vi.幸免；幸存；生還→survival n．生存；幸存→survivor n．幸存者 7．worth n．價值；作用adj.[古]值錢的prep.值得的；相當于……的價值→worthy adj.值得的；有價值的→worthwhile adj.值得做的 8．amaze vt.使吃驚；驚訝→amazi

57、ng adj.令人吃驚的→amazed adj.吃驚的；驚訝的→amazement n．驚訝 Ⅱ.用所給詞的適當形式填空 1．It was evident that all the evidence we collected proved him to be guilty.(evident) 2．What amazed me was the magician's amazing performance which made all the people present look at him in amazement. (amaze) 3．It is worthwhile to tra

58、vel to Beijing which is worth visiting, that is, which is worthy of being visited.(worth) 4．Luckily, I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor of the accident. (survive) 5．There is no doubt that Catherine is doubtful of her future, for she doubts whether she can conti

59、nue to work.(doubt) [短語“語境記”] (一)根據漢語寫出下列短語 1．belong_to　　　　　　　　　屬于 2．less_than 少于 3．take_apart 拆開 4．look_into 調查 5．in_search_of 尋找 6．think_highly_of 看重；器重 7．in_return 作為報答；回報 8．at_war 處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài) 9．serve_as 充當；起作用 10．rather_than 而不是；與其；不愿 (二)選用上述短語填空 1．I raised my hat to her and sh

60、e bowed in_return. 2．The police are busy looking_into the cause of the traffic accident. 3．He took_apart the radio and hoped to see what was wrong with it. 4．As is known to us, China is a country belonging_to the third world. 5．Tired as they are, the rescuers are still in_search_of the missing p

61、eople in the flash floods. 6．We all think_highly_of our English teacher.His humor always makes our class lively and interesting. 7．To live a low-carbon life, some people prefer to take the bus rather_than drive a car to work. 8．The country has been at_war with its neighbors for more than two year

62、s. Everyone in the country is really anxious for peace. [句式“仿寫通”] 1．There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for K?nigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. 毫無疑問，這些箱子后來被裝上火車運往哥尼斯堡，當時德國在波羅的海邊的一個城市。 [解讀]　There is no doubt that ... 是固定句式，意為“毫無疑問……”。 [仿寫]　毫無

63、疑問，這是一個罕見的木制花瓶，也是一件珍貴的文物。 There_is_no_doubt_that this is a rare wooden vase as well as a valuable cultural relic. 2．In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. 在審判中，法官必須斷定哪些證人可以相信，哪些證人不能相信。 [解讀]　“疑問詞＋(名詞＋)不定式”在句中作賓語。 [仿寫]　有如此多的琥珀裝飾物，我無法決定選擇哪一件。 There

64、 are so many amber decorations that I could not decide which_one_to_choose. 3．Nor do I think they should give it to any government. 我也認為他們不應該把它交給任何一個政府。 [解讀]　“nor/neither＋系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語”，表示前句中的否定情況也適用于另一人或物。 [仿寫]　父母們不能容忍他們的孩子在聚會上表現得沒禮貌，也不允許他們不服從自己的命令。 The parents didn't tolerate their kids' ru

65、deness at the party, nor did_they_allow themselves to be disobeyed. [第一板塊　重點單詞突破] 1．survive vt.比……活得長；(經過……)活下來，保存下來vi.幸免；幸存；生還 [經典例句]　Human life is regarded as part of nature, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature. 人類生活被認為是自然界的一部分，我們活下來的唯一方法是和大自然和諧相處。 (1)survive st

66、h.　　　　　 幸免于；(經過……)活下來 survive on 依靠……生存下來 A survive B (by ...) A比B活得長(……) (2)survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U]生存；幸存；[C]殘存物 ①Having_survived (survive) that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right. 熬過那個晚上，我們相信其他一切都會好的。 ②As far as I know, the old woman survived her husband by ten years. 據我所知，這位老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。 ③If he couldn't find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival (survive)． 如果他找不到走出森林的路，他生存的可能性很小。 [名師指津]　survive 表示“幸免于”時，是及物動