（江蘇專用）2019高考英語二輪培優(yōu)復習 專題一 單項填空習題

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1、 專題一 單項填空 考試大綱 要求 考綱解讀 《普通高中英語課程標準(實驗)》明確指出：高中學生應該學習和掌握的英語語言基礎知識包括語音、詞匯、語法、功能和話題等五個方面的內容(教育部)。 考查考生對語法、詞匯和語用知識的掌握情況。 單項填空強調在語境中理解詞匯的意思。側重對詞匯和詞組的考查，考點為名詞性從句、動詞、動詞詞組、形容詞、副詞、非謂語動詞、情景交際等，貼近生活。 江蘇高考單項填空近五年考查分布明細統(tǒng)計 考點 年份　　 冠詞 名詞 代詞 形容詞和副詞 數(shù)詞和主謂一致 介詞和介詞短語 動詞 從句 特殊句式 虛擬語氣

2、情景交際 動詞和動詞短語 情態(tài)動詞 時態(tài)和語態(tài) 非謂語動詞 定語從句 名詞性從句 狀語從句 2018 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 2017 0 0 0 2 1 1 2 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 2016 0 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2015 0 2 0 1 0 1 3 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 2014 0 1 1 2 0 1 3 1

3、1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 從上面的考情統(tǒng)計可以看出，2018年江蘇高考單項填空的考點和往年類似，但涉及的語境更豐富，重點考查基礎語法運用、詞匯辨析、情景交際用語及習語。其中語法考查內容涵蓋了三大從句、非謂語動詞、時態(tài)和語態(tài)及虛擬語氣等。 21.By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived. A.where B.when C.why D.how 答案　D　[考查表語從句。 根據(jù)句中的By boat可知，此處應用how引導表語從句，表示到達這里的方式。] 22.K

4、ids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might ________ the things they see. A.indicate B.investigate C.imitate D.innovate 答案　C　[考查動詞。句意：孩子們不應該看暴力影片，因為他們可能會模仿他們看到的內容。imitate“模仿”符合句意。indicate“暗示”；investigate“調查”；innovate“創(chuàng)新”。] 23.Self-driving is an area ________ China and the res

5、t of the world are on the same starting line. A.that B.where C.which D.when 答案　B　[考查定語從句。空處引導定語從句，先行詞是area，關系詞在從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語，因此用where，相當于in which。] 24.It’s strange that he ________ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A.would B.should C.could D.might 答案　B　[考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：很奇怪，他竟然未經(jīng)主

6、人的許可就拿走了那些書。should“竟然”，符合句意。] 25.Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which ________ a clear road map and timetable. A.calls for B.calls on C.calls off D.calls up 答案　A　[考查短語動詞。 句意：開發(fā)長江經(jīng)濟帶是一個系統(tǒng)的工程，它需要一個清晰的陸路交通圖和時間表。call for“需要”符合句意。call on“號召，拜訪”；call off“取消”；

7、call up“使回憶起”。] 26.Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period，________ the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts. A.having exceeded B.to exceed C.exceeded D.exceeding 答案　D　[考查非謂語動詞。句意：這段時間大約13 500個新的工作崗位被創(chuàng)造了出來，超過了市場分析人士預計的12 000個。exceed與主語是邏輯上的主謂關系。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表示結果，故選D。]

8、 27.There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________ a second chance to become more involved. A.had B.will have C.would have had D.have had 答案　A　[考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)“There is a good social life in the village”可知，時間的著眼點是現(xiàn)在，因此wish后的從句中的虛擬語氣是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，故選擇had。] 28.—You know what? I’ve got a

9、New Year concert ticket. —Oh，________ You’re kidding. A.so what? B.go ahead. C.come on. D.what for? 答案　C　[考查交際用語。從對話中的“You’re kidding”可知此處表示對上一句的內容感到難以置信，因此選擇come on，意思是“別逗了，算了吧”。so what“那又怎么樣”，go ahead“開始做吧”，what for“為何”。] 29.________ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus,

10、plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. A.Once B.Unless C.If D.When 答案　B　[考查條件狀語從句。句意：除非你睡眠好，否則你一兩個夜晚后就不能集中注意力，不能計劃，也不能保持積極性。unless“除非”符合句意。] 30.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ________ in the past two years. A.had been carried out B.would be car

11、ried out C.is being carried out D.has been carried out 答案　A　[考查時態(tài)。本句中主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，因此從句中應該使用過去時態(tài)中的某種時態(tài)；根據(jù)句中的時間狀語in the past two years可知，應該使用完成時態(tài)。因此空處應用過去完成時。] 31.Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we ________ more convenient electronic communication tools by then. A.

12、have developed B.had developed C.will have developed D.developed 答案　C　[考查將來完成時。句意：在2025年我們有望不再互相發(fā)郵件，因為到那時候我們將已經(jīng)開發(fā)了更加便利的電子溝通工具了。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語2025與by then可知，空處應用將來完成時。] 32.Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ________ you’ve made. A.assignment B.association C.acqu

13、isition D.assumption 答案　D　[考查名詞。根據(jù)句中的actually可知選擇assumption，表示“要努力弄懂事實上正在發(fā)生的事情而不是把你的行為建立在假設之上”。assignment“任務，作業(yè)”；association“協(xié)會，團體，聯(lián)系，聯(lián)想”；acquisition“獲得，習得”。] 33.China’s soft power grows ________ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally. A.in line with B.in reply to

14、C.in return for D.in honour of 答案　A　[考查介詞短語。句意：我國的軟實力的增長與我國在全球各地不斷受到的欣賞和理解是緊密相連的。in line with“與……緊密相連”符合句意。in reply to“答復……”；in return for“作為對……的回報”；in honour of“為了紀念……，為向……表示敬意”。] 34.Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is ________ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.

15、A.keen B.reluctant C.anxious D.ready 答案　B　[考查形容詞。句意：盡管這家旅館服務差，但是經(jīng)理卻不愿投資對員工進行足夠的培訓。reluctant“不情愿的，勉強的”符合句意。] 35.—What happened? Your boss seems to ________. —Didn’t you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press? A.be over the moon B.laugh his head off C.be all ears D.

16、fly off the handle 答案　D　[考查習語。根據(jù)對話內容可知秘書向新聞界泄露了機密的報告，因此老板很生氣，故選擇fly off the handle“大發(fā)雷霆”。be over the moon“欣喜若狂”；laugh his head off“大笑不止”；be all ears“全神貫注地聽”。] 21.Many Chinese brands，________their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market. A.having developed B.

17、being developed C.developed D.developing 答案　A　[brands是邏輯主語，和develop是主謂關系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示伴隨狀況；再根據(jù)“over centuries”可知，應該使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，故選A。] 22.________not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty. A.It were B.Were it C.It was D.Was it 答案　B　[虛擬語氣中，be動詞統(tǒng)一用were；虛擬語氣的省

18、略形式主要是把if省略，同時把were/should/had提前，即Were/Should/Had I...，故選B。] 23.Located________the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. A.why B.when C.which D.where 答案　D　[be located in＋地點名詞，位于……，where引導的地點狀語從句在此相當于in some place，故選D。] 24.The publication of Grea

19、t Expectations，which________both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案　C　[本句是包含定語從句的復合句，先行詞是Great Expectations是書名，看作單數(shù)，所以定語從句的謂語也要使用單數(shù)形式；根據(jù)“strengthened”可知，“被廣泛閱讀和得到高度評價”發(fā)生在過去，故選C。] 25.Working with the medical team i

20、n Africa has________the best in her as a doctor. A.held out B.brought out C.picked out D.given out 答案　B　[hold out堅持；提供機會；伸出手；bring out使顯現(xiàn)，闡明，出版；pick out使容易看見，找出精心挑選，認出來；give out用完，停止運行，分發(fā)，發(fā)出，公布。句意：在非洲同醫(yī)療隊一起工作已經(jīng)使她表現(xiàn)出了作為一名醫(yī)生最好的一面。這里取“使顯現(xiàn)”之意，故選B。] 26.We choose this hotel because the price for a n

21、ight here is down to $20，half of________it used to charge. A.that B.which C.what D.how 答案　C　[“half of ________ it used to charge”是$20的同位語，即原來價格的一半是現(xiàn)在的$20；另外，of后跟名詞或名詞短語構成介賓短語，所以，這里是賓語從句；賓語從句中的charge后面缺少賓語，所以用what來引導賓語從句，并在賓語從句中作賓語，故選C。] 27.He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he

22、________. A.was being followed B.was following C.had been followed D.followed 答案　A　[分析句子成分可知，he和follow是被動關系，即他被別人跟蹤，排除B、D；根據(jù)句意“在匆忙趕回家的路上，他從未回頭看是否正被跟蹤”，故用過去進行時最合適，故選A。] 28.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A.which B.its

23、 C.whose D.whom 答案　C　[先行詞是“the World Food Programme”，“世界糧食項目”的目的之一是……，whose在定語從句中作定語，限定purposes，故選C。] 29.Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death，smart-phones defeated________PCs in sales. A.controversial B.contradictory C.confidential D.conventional 答案　D　[A.controversial有爭議的；B.contradictory

24、對立的，相互矛盾的；C.confidential機密的，秘密的；D.conventional傳統(tǒng)的。智能手機在銷量上打敗了傳統(tǒng)的個人電腦，故選D。] 30.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help________your year ahead. A.shape B.switch C.stretch D.sharpen 答案　A　[A.shape塑造，決定……的形成，影響……的發(fā)展；B.switch轉變，交換，調班；C.stretch拉長，拉緊，伸展，伸長，延伸消耗；D.sharpe

25、n提高，使尖銳，變得清晰。句意：快速回顧一年的成敗將會決定來年的發(fā)展。故選A。] 31.He’s been informed that he________for the scholarship because of his academic background. A.hasn’t qualified B.hadn’t qualified C.doesn’t qualify D.wasn’t qualifying 答案　C　[句意：他已經(jīng)被告知由于教育背景的原因而沒有資格獲得獎學金。qualify for sth達標，獲得參賽資格；由于條件不滿足而沒有資格做某事，是客觀事實，用一

26、般現(xiàn)在時。故選C。] 32.Determining where we are________our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. A.in contrast to B.in defense of C.in face of D.in relation to 答案　D　[A.in contrast to對比，截然不同；B.in defense of為……辯護；C.in face of面對；D.in relation to與……有關。句意：根據(jù)周圍的環(huán)境辨別方位仍然是我們生存的一項極其重要的技能。故選D

27、。] 33.—What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean? —It’s nothing.Just something________. A.as clear as day B.off the top of my head C.under my nose D.beyond my wildest dreams 答案　B　[A.as clear as day顯而易見，容易理解；B.off the top of my head沒有考慮；C.under my nose就在我眼皮底下(都沒有察覺)；D.beyond my wildest dreams遠遠

28、出乎意料，做夢都沒有想到。由句意可知選B。] 34.The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But________explanations are hard to find. A.alternative B.aggressive C.ambiguous D.apparent 答案　A　[A.alternative可供替代的；B.aggressive好斗的，有進取心的；C.ambiguous 有野心的，耗時的；D.apparent顯而易見的。句意：恐龍的消失未

29、必是由天文事件引起的，但是難以找到其他解釋。故選A。] 35.—Going to watch the Women’s Volleyball Match on Wednesday? —________！Will you go with me? A.You there B.You bet C.You got me D.You know better 答案　B　[A.You there說你呢(用于引起注意)；B.You bet的確；當然；C.You got me你把我問住了；D.You know better不至于糊涂到……由“Will you go with me？”可知，“我”會去

30、看女子排球，答語應該是肯定的，故選B。] 21.It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. A.why B.what C.as D.that 答案　D　[句意：通常對于那些心存希望的人來說一切皆有可能。此句中It為形式主語，that從句為真正的主語。故D項正確。] 22.More efforts，as reported，________ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural

31、 reform. A.are made B.will be made C.are being made D.have been made 答案　B　[本句的時間狀語in the years ahead “在將來的幾年”和一般將來時連用，且efforts與動詞make構成被動關系，所以要使用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)形式，故B項正確。] 23.Many young people，most ________ were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A.of which B.of them C

32、.of whom D.of those 答案　C　[定語從句的先行詞是Many young people，關系代詞whom指代先行詞，在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語。故C項正確。] 24.—Can you tell us your ________ for happiness and a long life? —Living every day to the full，definitely. A.recipe B.record C.range D.receipt 答案　A　[recipe秘訣，食譜，藥方；record記錄；range范圍；receipt收據(jù)，收條。根據(jù)句意可

33、知A項“秘訣”符合題意。] 25.He did not ________ easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause. A.approach B.wrestle C.compromise D.communicate 答案　C　[approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗爭，努力解決；compromise妥協(xié)；和解；讓步；communicate交流，溝通。根據(jù)句意可知C項正確。] 26.________ some people are motivated by a n

34、eed for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure. A.Because B.If C.Unless D.While 答案　D　[because因為；if如果；unless除非；while盡管；然而；當……時；根據(jù)句意可知此處表轉折，所以使用while “盡管”。故D項正確。] 27.If it ________ for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now. A.had not been B.should not be C.were not

35、to be D.should not have been 答案　A　[句意：如果不是因為前幾天他的邀請，我現(xiàn)在就不會在這里了。本句是虛擬語氣。故A項正確。] 28.In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work. A.to hide B.hidden C.hiding D.being hidden 答案　B　[a secret message與動詞hide為被動關系，所以填過去分詞hidden，分詞短語相當于定語從句that is hidden w

36、ithin the work。A、C項表示主動含義，D項表示正在進行，與語境不符。故B項正確。] 29.Dashan，who ________ crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. A.will be learning B.is learning C.had been learning D.has been learning 答案　D　[本句強調這幾十年來大山一直努力把中國傳統(tǒng)的相聲和西方的脫口秀結合。所以

37、使用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，強調動作的延續(xù)性和反復性。故D項正確。] 30.Many businesses started up by college students have ________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. A.fallen off B.taken off C.turned off D.left off 答案　B　[fall off跌落，下降；take off起飛，成功，受歡迎；turn off關閉；leave off停止，中斷；根據(jù)句意可知B項正確。] 31.His comprehe

38、nsive surveys have provided the most ________ statements of how，and on what basis，data are collected. A.explicit B.ambiguous C.original D.arbitrary 答案　A　[explicit明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous模棱兩可的，含糊不清的；original原始的，最初的；arbitrary任意的，專制的。故A項正確。] 32.—Only those who have a lot in common can get along well. —

39、________.Opposites sometimes do attract. A.I hope not B.I think so C.I appreciate that D.I beg to differ 答案　D　[I hope not我可不希望這樣；I think so我認為如此；I appreciate that我很感激；I beg to differ恕我不能同意。由答語后句Opposites sometimes do attract.(意見相反的人有時會相互吸引。)可知不同意對方所說的話。故D項符合語境。] 33.Parents should actively urge

40、 their children to ________ the opportunity to join sports teams. A.gain admission to B.keep track of C.take advantage of D.give rise to 答案　C　[gain admission to 獲準進入；keep track of記錄；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；根據(jù)句意可知C項正確。] 34.Not until recently ________ the development of tourist-relate

41、d activities in the rural areas. A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged C.did they encourage D.they encouraged 答案　C　[句意：直到最近他們才鼓勵在農(nóng)村地區(qū)開展與旅游業(yè)有關的活動。當not until所引導的時間狀語放在句首時，主句要使用部分倒裝。故C項正確。] 35.—Jack still can’t help being anxious about his job interview. —Lack of self-confidence is his ________，I am afraid. A.Achilles’ heel B.child’s play C.green fingers D.last straw 答案　A　[Achilles’ heel唯一的致命的弱點；child’s play容易做的事情，輕而易舉的事情；green fingers搞園藝的才能；last straw最后一根稻草。句意：“杰克仍然情不自禁地擔心他的工作面試?！薄翱峙氯狈ψ孕攀撬ㄒ坏娜觞c?！备鶕?jù)句意可知A項正確。] 12