2019版高考英語一輪基礎習選題 Unit 5 First Aid（含解析）新人教版必修5

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1、 Unit 5 First Aid 李仕才 一、閱讀理解。 According to a team of researchers，an animal's ability to perceive(感知)time is linked to their pace of life. “Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference betwe

2、en life and death for fast moving creatures，”commented the lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin. The study was done with a variety of animals using a phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant.Dogs，for e

3、xample，have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans. One example of this phenomenon at work，the authors say，is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit.The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve，which allows them to avoid being hit. Professor

4、 Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland，who worked jointly on the research project，said in a statement，“Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly.Thus, this wor

5、k highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains.Flies might not be deep thinkers，but they can make good decisions very quickly.” In comparison, the tiger beetle(虎甲蟲)runs faster than its eyes can keep up，basically becoming blind，which requires it to stop periodically to re-e

6、valuate its prey's(獵物)position. Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension in which animals can specialize and there is a considerable range to study this system in more detail. 1．What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about? A．Pace of life of anim

7、als. B．Time perception of animals. C．Lifetime of small animals. D．Impressive abilities of animals. 2．What does Kevin Healy's comment mean in Para.2? A．The ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed. B．The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to pe

8、rceive time. C．Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time. D．Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life. 3．Why can houseflies avoid being hit? A．They can think very deeply before they act. B．They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up. C．The

9、y can process information as quickly as they receive it. D．They can send information to the brain more quickly than to their eyes. 【解題導語】本文是一篇科普說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，動物感知時間的能力和它們的生活節(jié)奏有關，對于快速移動的動物來說，在短時間內(nèi)感知時間的能力決定著它們的生死。文章列舉了家蠅、狗和虎甲蟲等動物，證明了動物感知時間的能力的重要性。 1．B　考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，“According to a team of researchers, a

10、n animal's ability to perceive(感知)time is linked to their pace of life”為本文的主題句；結合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：動物感知時間的能力和它們的生活節(jié)奏有關，故B項正確。 2．B　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段Kevin Healy所說的話“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be th

11、e difference between life and death for fast moving creatures”可知，Kevin Healy認為，對于快速移動的動物來說在短時間內(nèi)感知時間的能力決定著它們的生死；據(jù)此可知，該句是說快速移動的動物的生存依賴于它們對時間的感知能力，故B項正確。 3．C　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve，which allows them to avoid being hit”可知，家蠅

12、能比我們在更短的時間內(nèi)感知到物體的運動，這是它們得以避免被拍死的原因，故C項正確。 二、單句語法填空 1．It is vital that these forms ________ (send) back as early as possible. 答案：(should) be sent　It is vital that ... “……是十分重要的”。其中that從句謂語動詞應用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。 2．________ the aid of our professor, we finished the experiment successfully.

13、 答案：With　with the aid/help of ... “在……的幫助下”。 3．You'd better put things back ________ place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them. 答案：in　in place “在適當?shù)奈恢谩薄? 4．We ________ (watch) TV when there was a power failure. 答案：were watching　be doing ... when ... “正在做……這時……”，再由“there was ...”可知應用過去進

14、行時，故填were watching。 5．The new technology, if ________ (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output. 答案：applied　從句為狀語從句的省略形式。The new technology與apply之間為邏輯上的被動關系，故應填過去分詞作狀語。 6．Men and women should ________ (treat) equally in education and employment. 答案：be treated　treat和Men and wom

15、en在邏輯上存在動賓關系，應用被動語態(tài)。 7．His head had struck the wall and ________ (bleed)． 答案：was bleeding　此處表示頭部正在流血，前一分句用了過去完成時，故此處應用過去進行時，表示過去某時正在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。 8．Everyone arrived late at the party for ________ (variety) reasons. 答案：various　修飾名詞reasons應用形容詞，表示“各種各樣的”，故填various。 9．Television violence ________ (poison

16、) the minds of young people. 答案：is poisoning　表示現(xiàn)階段正在持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作，應用現(xiàn)在進行時。 10．Dozens of people got ________ (injury) and many vehicles were set on fire. 答案：injured　get injured “受傷”。 三、完形填空。 Two years ago, Dubuque, Iowa, started its first annual “Back-to-School Bash” program. It offered needy famili

17、es an opportunity to learn about free __1__ in the community. Holmes decided to __2__ by providing help to kids. He was __3__ two jobs at the time, one of which was working as a barber. Saturday was his __4__ day, but he chose to __5__ his time and gave free haircuts to lower-class kids on

18、 condition that the kids should __6__ their free haircuts by having to read a book to him. The idea was so __7__ that he continued it for the next two years. Many kids would __8__ a favorite book, settle into the barber chair, and read aloud __9__ Holmes was doing their hair. After the hair

19、cuts, they'd review the book, from the __10__ and vocabulary to the themes — just like in school, only more fun. Holmes, who is married __11__ two sons, recognizes that not every parent has the time to __12__ with their kids. So he hopes to offer some __13__ in this way. And he admits he, __

20、14__ , benefits from doing that. There was a seven-year-old kid who __15__ stuttered (結巴) over words while reading. He had the boy take the book home and __16__. When the child came back a few days later, he read it with no problems. That __17__ Holmes to do more. Holmes and his family have rece

21、ntly moved to a Chicago suburb. When they get __18__， he plans to restart his __19__ as the Storybook Barber. “Today's world is full of guns and violence，” he says. “The barbershop is a __20__ place for the kids to come and read books.” 【文章大意】　本文主要分享了Holmes做公益的故事。 1．A.materials B．resources

22、C．methods D．connections 答案與解析：B'根據(jù)上下文可知，社區(qū)給孩子們提供學習的免費資源。material“材料”；resource“資源”；method“方法”；connection“連接”。 2．A.participate B．perform C．develop D．withdraw 答案與解析：A'根據(jù)下文的“by providing help to kids”可推知，Holmes決定參與這項活動。 3．A.faced with B．caught in C．presented with D．enga

23、ged in 答案與解析：D'根據(jù)語境可知，Holmes同時從事了兩份工作。be faced with “面臨”；be caught in“處于困境”；present with“把……交給”；be engaged in“從事于”。 4．A.happiest B．worst C．busiest D．best 答案與解析：C'根據(jù)上文的“as a barber”和空前的“Saturday”可推知，Holmes周六最忙。 5．A.spend B．waste C．save D．donate 答案與解析：D'根據(jù)空后的“gave free

24、 haircuts”可知，Holmes把自己的時間捐獻出來，免費給貧窮人家的孩子理發(fā)。donate“捐獻”。 6．A.receive B．earn C．demand D．request 答案與解析：B'根據(jù)下文“their free haircuts”的提示可推知，孩子們要通過讀書才能掙得免費理發(fā)的權利，故選B，earn“掙得”。 7．A.popular B．ordinary C．complex D．rigid 答案與解析：A'根據(jù)下文的“he continued it for the next two years”可推知，這項活動很受歡迎，因此Ho

25、lmes在接下來的兩年也堅持了下來。popular“受歡迎的”；ordinary“普通的”；complex“復雜的”；rigid“死板的”。 8．A.put away B．take over C．pick up D．give out 答案與解析：C'根據(jù)語境可知，許多孩子會拿起書，坐在理發(fā)椅上，開始大聲朗讀。 9．A.before B．a(chǎn)fter C．while D．until 答案與解析：C'根據(jù)語境可知，孩子們讀書是在Holmes理發(fā)期間。while“在……期間”。 10．A.kids B．heroines C．barbe

26、rs D．characters 答案與解析：D'根據(jù)語境“they'd review the book”和“and vocabulary”可推知，孩子們回顧書中的角色和詞匯。character“角色”。 11．A.with B．to C．for D．a(chǎn)bout 答案與解析：A'根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示Holmes有兩個兒子。with表示“有”的含義。 12. A．stay B．read C．talk D．learn 答案與解析：B'根據(jù)上文的“read a book to him”及“read aloud”可知，此處表示并不是每個父母

27、都有時間陪孩子一起讀書的。 13．A.guidance B．judgment C．a(chǎn)ssistance D．insurance 答案與解析：C'根據(jù)上文的“Holmes decided to __2__ by providing help to kids”可知，Holmes希望通過這種方式來提供一些幫助。assistance“幫助”。 14．A.again B．still C．then D．too 答案與解析：D'根據(jù)語境可知，Holmes在幫助他人的過程中自己也受益匪淺。 15．A.usually B．hardly C

28、．merely D．necessarily 答案與解析：A'根據(jù)語境可知，有個七歲的孩子通常讀得不流暢，故選A項。 16．A.write B．practice C．remark D．reflect 答案與解析：B'根據(jù)下文的“When the child came back a few days later, he read it with no problems”可推知，這個七歲的孩子回家進行了練習，因此再讀起來沒有問題。 17．A.surprised B．excited C．inspired D．impressed 答

29、案與解析：C'根據(jù)語境“do more”可推知，Holmes受到了激勵，從而做得更多。 18．A.settled B．relaxed C．pleased D．refreshed 答案與解析：A'根據(jù)上文的“Holmes and his family have recently moved to a Chicago suburb”可推知，Holmes搬了家，然后安頓下來，與下文重新開始自己原有的項目計劃呼應。settle“定居”。 19．A.ownership B．hobby C．promise D．role 答案與解析：D'根據(jù)上文的“w

30、orking as a barber”及下文的“as the Storybook Barber”可推知，Holmes又重啟自己的邊讀書邊理發(fā)項目，扮演好自己的角色。 20．A.secret B．safe C．rough D．crowded 答案與解析：B'根據(jù)“Today's world is full of guns and violence”可知，在這個紛亂的世界里，理發(fā)店可以作為孩子們讀書的安全之地。 四、單句改錯 1．I don't know what to do, because the number of problems have arise

31、n. ______________________________________________________ 答案：the→a　此處表述“大量的問題出現(xiàn)了”。the number of ... “……的數(shù)量”；a number of “許多；大量的”，后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式。 2．Don't take anything away. Father likes everything to be in the place. ______________________________________________________ 答案：去掉the　in place “在適當?shù)奈恢谩薄?/p>

32、 3．We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make big difference to us. ______________________________________________________ 答案：make后加a　make a difference “有影響；起作用”。 4．He decided to apply for the boss for a job the next day. ______________________________________________________ 答案：第一個for→to　apply to sb. for ... “向某人申請……”。 5．There is no doubt whether global warming is a threat to us all. ______________________________________________________ 答案：whether→that　There is no doubt that ... “毫無疑問……”。 7