2020高考英語(yǔ)備考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)睛系列閱讀理解（教師版）

《2020高考英語(yǔ)備考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)睛系列閱讀理解（教師版）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2020高考英語(yǔ)備考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)睛系列閱讀理解（教師版）（14頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、2020;2020高考英語(yǔ)備考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)睛系列 7選5閱讀理解（教師版） 考前必讀 2020;2020年寧夏推出了閱讀理解新題型,2020;2020年遼寧省也選用了這一題型,"如果希望明確、深刻地理解一篇文章,必須對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解,把握住全篇的文脈,即句與句.段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系."是《普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（寧夏卷)說(shuō)明》中的要求.閱讀填空題就很好地體現(xiàn)了這一要求。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)睛 根據(jù)出題形式的不同,填空類題型可以分為句子填空題,段落摘要,帶選項(xiàng)的段落摘要等題型。.傳統(tǒng)的分題型講解的方法傾向于把這些題型拆開,這些題型的出題思路大同小異,一旦掌握了這些題目的共性,做題就會(huì)變得易如反

2、掌。 1．考查內(nèi)容均為細(xì)節(jié) 每一道填空題的題目基本上都是對(duì)原文的一句話或者幾句話進(jìn)行的同義改寫,不會(huì)出現(xiàn)對(duì)多句話或者是整段進(jìn)行的概括歸納. 2．所填答案基本唯一 雖然這種考試需要考生自己書寫答案,但是所有答案均來(lái)自于原文,不需要考生用自己的語(yǔ)言對(duì)原詞進(jìn)行改寫.極個(gè)別情況下會(huì)出現(xiàn)詞序顛倒,但是基本上不需要考生進(jìn)行詞性.時(shí)態(tài).單復(fù)數(shù)等曲折形式的轉(zhuǎn)換.這是由閱讀的目的所決定的,只考查考生的閱讀能力,而無(wú)意檢驗(yàn)考生的寫作能力. 3．凸顯構(gòu)成語(yǔ)段的方式 一是靠句際間意義的結(jié)合,二是靠句際間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,邏輯性插入語(yǔ)來(lái)連接,我們?cè)诜治稣Z(yǔ)段層次時(shí),可以借助句際間的連接詞語(yǔ)作出判斷,但最主要的還是要真

3、正體會(huì)句際間的意義關(guān)系,把握作者的思路,從語(yǔ)序上去發(fā)現(xiàn)斷續(xù)點(diǎn),理清層次,好文章的層次非矴邐?只有層層入手,才能真正理解文章. 通過(guò)對(duì)高考中“七選五”型閱讀理原題以及大量同類試題研究可知，此類試題雖然新穎，但是也有其特有的解題規(guī)律，主要注重解題的竅門和方法，成功闖關(guān)，選準(zhǔn)答案的難度并不大。 根據(jù)作者歸納的解題方法和竅門，為幫助同學(xué)們記憶和使用，特將此方法歸結(jié)為“通讀全文、詳讀段落、定位選項(xiàng)、通讀復(fù)檢、確定排除”五步解題法。以下就此方法進(jìn)行分析，希望此方法能為同學(xué)們的解題提供助力。 　　文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落。各段落會(huì)根據(jù)整體文章寫作主題展開，對(duì)文章主體進(jìn)行的不同方面的描述。找出各個(gè)小

4、段落中的關(guān)鍵詞，明確其描述內(nèi)容，為整體試題的解決做好鋪墊。 　　步驟三：定位選項(xiàng)，明確各備選選項(xiàng)的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容，將選項(xiàng)填入文中，填寫時(shí)尤為注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段及句中的銜接標(biāo)志詞。 　　在定位選項(xiàng)時(shí)，要特別注意空格上下段的寫作內(nèi)容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。將所選項(xiàng)放入空白處，看看是否與上下文構(gòu)成語(yǔ)義及邏輯上的直接關(guān)系，是否符合該處語(yǔ)境。能否承接前后的寫作線索。使文章無(wú)論內(nèi)容還是銜接上都能做到通順。 一篇文章作為一個(gè)整體，是有其寫作的線索與思路的，在選項(xiàng)定位中，要尤其注意文章的寫作線索，文章的寫作思路的連貫使文章的每個(gè)段落、每個(gè)句

5、子甚至每個(gè)短語(yǔ)均融為一體。如果帶入選項(xiàng)后，發(fā)現(xiàn)文章寫作線索中斷或是前后矛盾，應(yīng)更換其它選項(xiàng)。 　　步驟四：通讀復(fù)檢，將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)考查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。 　　在完成選項(xiàng)定位后，應(yīng)通讀全文，檢查文章內(nèi)容是否完整，語(yǔ)義是否連貫合理、各段落內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題，語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語(yǔ)是否恰當(dāng)貼切，從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確。同時(shí)，我們還應(yīng)注意對(duì)相近選項(xiàng)的對(duì)比分析，個(gè)別干擾項(xiàng)由于與某個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容相近具有很強(qiáng)的干擾性，這時(shí)就需要我們認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)甄別，排除干擾，從而得出正確選項(xiàng)。 步驟五：確定排除，研究多余選項(xiàng)，確定

6、排除理由，最終確定答案。 在檢查后，應(yīng)再次查看所排除選項(xiàng)，進(jìn)一步確定排除理由，以防造成易混選項(xiàng)誤選。 跟蹤練習(xí)： （2020;2020年鄭州市高中畢業(yè)年級(jí)第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè)英語(yǔ)） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Newspaper articles today are shorter and the headlines are bigger. Most people don’t have enough time to read the articles, so they only read the headlines. On T

7、V and the radio, newsreaders speak more quickly than ten years ago. In the USA, there is a book called One-Minute Bedtime Stories for children. These are shorter versions（版本）of traditional stories, specially written for “busy parents” who want to save time! Some answer phones now have “quick playbac

8、k” buttons so that we can replay people’s messages faster — we cant waste time listening to people speaking at the normal speed! 74 Ten years ago when people went to art galleries they spent seconds looking at each picture. Today they spend just three seconds! Nowadays, many people prefer faster

9、 and dynamic sports like basketball. 74．C 上文列舉了人們快節(jié)奏的生活方式，C項(xiàng)是對(duì)其作進(jìn)一步舉例說(shuō)明。而且根據(jù)該空線后三句的內(nèi)容也可知此處表示“即使在休閑娛樂(lè)時(shí)，人們也保持著快節(jié)奏的生活方式”。 75．F 下文提到，因交通狀況越來(lái)越差，我們開車慢了下來(lái)。只有F能起到承上啟下的作用。 北京市東城區(qū)2020;2020屆高三第一學(xué)期期末教學(xué)統(tǒng)一檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 The driver will use a telephone to dial ins

10、tructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the freeway. 75 It is guessed that an automated freeway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,00

11、0 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day freeway. A．Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. B．The computer will then monitor all of the car’s movements. C．One proposed solution to this problem is the automated freeway system. D．Experts have different views on what role

12、 autos will play in the near future. E．The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. F．Drivers in the freeway system can sit back and do nothing but control the direction. G．The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the sound speaker that will warn him of his

13、 coming exit. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】 有些專家認(rèn)為汽車將會(huì)逐漸消失，而有些專家認(rèn)為在不久的將來(lái)汽車仍然是處于主導(dǎo)地位的交通工具。不管怎樣，未來(lái)的汽車將更加環(huán)保，更加智能。 （北京市西城區(qū)2020;2020屆高三上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 The Pleasing Sound of a Rainstick A stick is a long tube that is hollow, with small sticks or other materials pushed inside so that

14、it has a somewhat smooth surface on the outside, but small barriers inside. These can be in a lined pattern, for a specific sound, or placed at random for a more varied effect. It is then filled with a variety of different things, like small stones, or beads（珠子）, or even rice, and the ends are cappe

15、d to provide a seal. 71 The origins of rainsticks are not really known and so the stories are quite varied. Some people say that the ancient people of Chile created rainsticks from dried cactus（仙人掌）, with the sharp points taken off, pushed back inside and then filled with small stones. 72 T

16、he Deaguita Indians survive even today, and they are still using them in many of their rain ceremonies. They also make them as musical instruments. 73 Turning the stick over quickly will produce a higher sound, while turning it slowly will produce a deeper effect. How long the effect lasts depend

17、s on how long the instrument is. The tube also affects the quality of the rain sound as well. If you make them from some kind of absorbent material, like cactus or bamboo, you will hear it better than if you were to make it from cardboard tubes. A rainstick can be made from almost any kind of m

18、aterial and the types of things that you can use as fillings can be even more varied. 74 Usually, these school projects are made using a cardboard tube, like the center from a roll of toilet paper or a paper towel tube. Toothpicks are then inserted, with the exposed ends cut off and glued in pla

19、ce. 75 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】 本文介紹了一種叫雨棒的樂(lè)器，它能發(fā)出雨聲。 71．B 第一段介紹雨棒的構(gòu)造及發(fā)音原理，B項(xiàng)中的 “these materials” 指的是上文的 “small stones, or beads（珠子）, or even rice”，由此可知選B。 72．C 根據(jù)下文的 “they are still using them in many of their rain ceremonies.” 提示可知應(yīng)選C。注意關(guān)鍵詞 ceremonies。 73．E 根據(jù)下一句 “Turning the stick over quickly will produ

20、ce a higher sound, while turning it slowly will produce a deeper effect.” 可知應(yīng)選E，翻轉(zhuǎn)雨棒的速度決定著雨聲的大小。 74．A 根據(jù)下文的 “these school projects” 可知應(yīng)選A。 75．D 此處介紹常見的雨棒的制作方法，結(jié)合第一段的內(nèi)容可知，接下來(lái)應(yīng)是堵上一端，里面裝上大米或豆之類的東西，然后密封上另一端，因此選D。 （河北省普通高中2020;2020屆高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 ·shows

21、 signs of having a severe allergic reaction ·has been stung by several insects at the same time ·has been stung in the mouth or throat, where the swelling can interfere with breathing Medicines 74 A cream or ointment containing hydrocortisone（氫化可的松）can help reduce swelling and inflammation. Yo

22、u can buy low-dose hydrocortisone cream over the counter but don’t use it on children under 10, or on your face or on broken or infected skin. Over-the-counter painkillers such as paracetamol（醋氨酚）can relieve some of the discomfort. Always ask your doctor for advice and read the patient information

23、that comes with your medicine. Prevention of bites and stings You can reduce your risk of insect bites and stings by: ·Wearing insect repellent · 75 ·Wearing long sleeves and trousers if out in the evening ·Keeping picnic foods covered up as much as possible — sweet foods and drinks attract i

24、nsects. A．Treatment for bites and stings B．Don’t apply any medicine to the infected area. C．You may wish to use a local anaesthetic（麻醉劑）spray to reduce pain. D．These don’t usually need any treatment and clear up within a day or so. E．Sleeping under a suitable net if mosquitoes are a problem at

25、night F．In the UK, the threat to health from animal bites and stings is relatively low. G．However, in some people they can cause severe reactions, so it’s important to know what to do if this happens. （河南省洛陽(yáng)市2020;2020屆高中三年級(jí)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Most people would

26、agree teens today have more choices than ever before. To avoid burnout, teens should pick and choose carefully. 71 Joining a local community（社區(qū)）club is an easy way to get involved and have some fun without a lot of stress. 4．Places of Worship（崇拜） Many worship places like churches have specific

27、 clubs and groups associated with their community, 75 For example, church groups aimed at teens usually seek to provide fun, safe activities such as movie nights or day trips. A．Community Centres B．Children’s Palace C．But these groups don’t necessarily take religion as the main focus. D．Howe

28、ver, there’re often a number of clubs available for teens as well. E．Joining a local club may seem scary to teens who are unsure of what’s available. F．Gone are the days of absolute silence and only “improving” books on the shelves. G．Only choose those activities in which they are truly intereste

29、d and for which they have the time. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】 如今的青少年既然有了更多的選擇自由，為何不加入當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐓^(qū)俱樂(lè)部呢？這樣既可以融入團(tuán)體，又能夠擺脫煩憂。 （山西省2020;2020屆高三年級(jí)四校聯(lián)考試題英語(yǔ)） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop

30、 their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in traditional classrooms. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. 71 They will not have to worry

31、 about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom. 72 For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education, which is very different from traditional ed

32、ucation. These students may have a problem of getting used to making so many choices. 73 They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of students. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. 74 Teacher

33、s who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their school. You now know what open education is, whose good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. I think that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. 75 I believ

34、e that most students, but of course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want and need to have rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if the

35、y did not have to. A．Many teachers do not believe in open education. B．Open education. is better than traditional education. C．But many students will not do well in an open classroom D．Some students will be happier in an open education school. E．The teachers’ feeling and attitudes are important to the students. F．In fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. G．For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom.