2021年高考英語 經(jīng)典實用 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions要點梳理+重點突破 新人教版選修8

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1、優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔 優(yōu)質(zhì)人生 選修8　Unit 3　Inventors and inventions 要 點 梳 理 高效梳理·知識備考 ●重點單詞 1．distinguish vi. & vt.顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別 2．merciful adj.寬大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→mercy n．寬大；仁慈 3．product n．產(chǎn)品 4．a(chǎn)brupt adj.突然的；意外的→abruptly adv.突然地，唐突地 5．convenient adj.便利的，方便的，就近的→convenience n．方便，便利→conveniently

2、adv.便利地，方便地 6．caution n．小心，謹慎→cautious adj.小心的，謹慎的→cautiously adv.小心地，謹慎地 7．passive adj.被動的；消極的；被動語態(tài)的 8．seize vt.抓??；捉??；奪 9．file n．文件；檔案；文件夾 vt.提交；將……歸檔 10．freezing adj.冰凍的；嚴寒的→freeze v．冰凍 11．innocent adj.清白的；無罪的；天真的→innocence n．天真，清白 12．bear vt.忍受；忍耐；負擔 13．tap vt.輕打；輕拍；輕敲 n．輕輕地敲擊(聲)；(水)龍

3、頭 14．current n．(水或氣)流；電流 adj.現(xiàn)在的；當前的 15．stable adj.穩(wěn)固的；穩(wěn)定的；安定的 16．a(chǎn)ssociate vt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系 n．同伴，伙伴 17．practical adj.實際的；實踐的；實用的 18．competence n．能力；勝任；本領(lǐng) ●重點短語 1．call up　　　　　給……打電話 2．now and then 偶爾；有時 3．set about 開始；著手 4．dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 5．set out(to do) 開始(做) 6．hang on 不掛斷；稍

4、等；緊緊握住 7．out of order 次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障 8．get through 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)； (設(shè)法)做完；通過 9．ring back 回復電話 10．ring off 掛斷電話 ●重點句型 1．The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot. 第二天早上趁天還不太熱，我就早早地起來了。 2．But once picked up, they tried to bite me. 但是它們一被撿起來，就試圖咬我。 3．Only after you ha

5、ve had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.只有在你獲得了那種認證后，你才能說是一個真正的發(fā)明家。 4．The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.(評定)專利標準是很嚴格的，除非新的想法真是新穎的，否則很難被接受。 5．Remember to include one change to your invention in case i

6、t doesn‘t work the first time.記住對你的發(fā)明要有變化的余地，以防它第一次不起作用。 ●高考范文 (2020·海南，寧夏，全國Ⅰ) 假定你是李華，希望通過外籍教師 Peter找一位英國筆友。請寫一封短信，描述一下你理想中筆友的條件，并說明為什么選這樣的筆友。具體條件包括： 1．年齡；　2.性別；　3.愛好(旅游、運動、養(yǎng)寵物等)。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好。 Dear Peter， I am writing to ask whether you are able to

7、 do me a favor. ________________________________________________________________________ Best regards， Li Hua [范文] Dear_Peter， I_am_writing_to_ask_whether_you_are_able_to_do_me_a_favor. I want to have a penfriend, hopefully a girl in her early twenties, and with interests similar t

8、o mine. In my mind, she is someone who is interested in traveling, swimming, and playing table tennis. Besides, it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. With such a penfriend, I hope I can share with her our experiences in traveling, taking care of

9、 pets, or whatever we have in common. And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Best_regards， Li_Hua 考 點 探 究 互動探究·能力備考 Ⅰ.詞匯短語過關(guān) 1．distinguish vi.&vt. 辨別；顯示……的差別 distinguished adj. 卓越的，著名的，杰出的

10、 distinguishable adj. 易分辨的，能區(qū)分的 distinguish between...and...區(qū)分/辨別……和…… distinguish...from... 使……有別于……，使…… 具有區(qū)別于……的特征 distinguish oneself (as...) (作為……)表現(xiàn)突出 be distinguished by/for 以……為特征/著名 [即學即練1](1)He‘s ____________________ himself ______ a teacher. 作為老師，他早已負有盛名。 (2)We should _____

11、_ ____________ major ______ minor work and not put the trivial above the important. 我們的工作要分主次，不能輕重倒置。 distinguished as distinguish between and (3)What was it that _____________ her ______ her classmates? 是什么使得她有別于班上其他同學呢？ distinguished from 2．convenient adj. 方便的；便利的；附近的 convenienc

12、e n. 方便，便利 It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 做某事對某人來說 是方便的。 Sth. be convenient to/for sb. 對某人來說……是方便的。 at sb‘s convenience 在某人方便的時候 convenience food 方便食品 convenience store 便利店 [即學即練2](1)We must ____________ a convenient time and place ______ the meeting. 我們必須安排一個合適的時間和地點開會。 (2)When wo

13、uld ________________________ you to go? 你什么時候去方便？ (3)The hotel has a restaurant for the guests' _________. 這家旅館為方便旅客設(shè)有餐廳。 arrange for it be convenient for convenience 3．seize vt.抓住，捉??；把握(機會等)；奪取某物，占領(lǐng)某地 seize sth.突然抓住 seize an opportunity抓住機會 seize power奪取政權(quán) be seized with被……侵擾；患/得(病)

14、 seize sb. by the arm抓住某人的手臂 [即學即練3](1)He __________________ and shook it heartily. 他拉住她的手高興地握著。 (2)The enemy __________________ after a violent attack.敵人猛攻后占領(lǐng)了這個城鎮(zhèn)。 (3)He ________________________ going abroad. 他抓住了那次出國的機會。 seized her hand seized the town seized the chance of (4)He

15、 _________________ a slight attack of fever. 他有一點發(fā)燒。 was seized with 4．bear vt. (bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；負擔；生育 bear doing/ n．/to do忍受…… bear sb./sb.’s doing忍受某人做某事 bear sb./sth. out證實；為……作證 bear with sb./sth.耐心對待；容忍 bear sth. in mind牢記 [即學即練4](1)I couldn‘t __________________ any longer, s

16、o I left the room. 我實在聽不下去了，就離開了房間。 (2)I can’t _________________ waiting. 我不能忍受長時間的等待。 (3)I doubt if that chair will __________________. 我懷疑那把椅子能否承受得了你的體重。 bear to listen bear being kept bear your weight (4)You must ________________________ that your parents hope to depend on you to bec

17、ome a doctor. 你要記住你的父母指望你成為一名好醫(yī)生。 (5)She ____________ three children. 她生了三個孩子。 bear it in mind　 has borne (6)Who ____________ the responsibility/expense? 誰要負擔這責任/費用呢？ will bear 提示：(1)bear作“忍受”講時，其后接動名詞做賓語，表示習慣性的動作，也可接不定式做賓語，表示某一次具體的動作，且多與can, could及be able to等連用。 (2)borne和born是bear

18、的兩個過去分詞，表示“出生，出世”時用born，并且僅用于被動語態(tài)，表示“生育”時用borne。 5．a(chǎn)ssociate vt.聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系n.同伴，伙伴 accociation n．聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；交往；協(xié)會；團體 associate sb./sth. with sb./sth. 把……和……聯(lián)系在一起；由……聯(lián)想到…… be associated with...和……有關(guān) associate with sb.與某人交往或常打交道 associate oneself with sth.聲稱或表示自己贊同某事物 in association with...與……合伙/合作

19、 [即學即練5](1)I’ve never _____________ you ______ this place. 我從未把你和這個地方聯(lián)系在一起。 (2)I wouldn’t want to __________________ Mckey’s project. 我不想和麥基的計劃有任何瓜葛。 (3)I don’t like these layabouts you’re ____________. 我不喜歡你結(jié)交的這些游手好閑的人。 associated with be associated with associating with 6．call up

20、召喚；使人想起；提出；打電話 call at 訪問(某地) call on/upon 訪問(某人) call on sb. to do sth. 號召某人做某事 call back 召回，撤銷 call for 需要；要求 call out 大聲喊叫 call forth 喚起，引起 call in 召集；收回 call off 取消 [即學即練6](1)The trip _____________________________ of my youth. 旅行勾起了我對年輕時代的美好回憶。 (2)He ____________ all the informat

21、ion from the computer.他從計算機中調(diào)出了所有的信息。 called up happy memories called up (3)He ________________ just to tell me that he had bought a new DVD. 他打電話就是為了告訴我他買了一臺新的DVD。 called me up 拓展：與打電話有關(guān)的短語： ring/call up 打電話 ring/call back 回復電話 ring off 掛斷電話 give sb. a ring 給某人打電話 sb. be wanted

22、on the phone 有某人的電話 answer the phone 接電話 hang/hold on 不掛斷電話 7．set about (doing sth.) 開始；著手干某事 set aside 留出，撥出(時間、金錢等)，把……置于一旁 set out for＝set off for＝leave for 出發(fā)到某地去 set out to do 開始做…… set down 寫下；記下；規(guī)定 set off 動身；起程；激起；引起；使爆炸 set up 建立；設(shè)置；創(chuàng)建；開辦 [即學即練7](1)You must _______________

23、_________ at once.你必須立即開始工作。 (2)Do you know how to __________________ on this work？你知道怎樣著手進行這項工作嗎？ (3)Bell never ________________________ the telephone.(＝Bell never ______________________ the telephone.) 貝爾從來沒打算去發(fā)明電話。 set about your work　 set about going set out to invent set about inventing

24、 (4)When are we ____________ (＝___________) on our trip？我們什么時候動身去旅行？ setting out setting off 8．get through 打通(電話)，完成(工作)，通過(考試)；克服(困難) get across 被理解；使人了解 get down to 認真地靜下心(工作)(to為介詞) get on/along 相處 get out of 避免；擺脫 get over 克服 get in 收獲 get around/round 到處走動；傳播出去 get away/off 逃

25、脫，離開 [即學即練8]寫出下列句子中g(shù)et through的意思。 (1)I tried several times, but couldn't get through. ___________________ (2)You'll get through this problem. _________________________ 打通(電話) 克服(困難) (3)I'll get through this work by noon. ____________________ (4)We were very glad when we heard that

26、 you had got through your exam. ___________________ 完成(工作) 通過(考試) 拓展：go through 經(jīng)歷；翻閱；檢查 look through 瀏覽，仔細檢查 live through 活過一段時間；經(jīng)歷 put through 把電話接通 Ⅱ.重點句型詳解 1．But once_picked_up,_they tried to bite me. 但是它們一被撿起來，就試圖咬我。 (1)once作為連接詞引導時間狀語從句時，后面可接現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞。 ①Once opened, the

27、 museum will be very popular with the citizens. 博物館一旦開放，肯定會受到市民的歡迎。(表被動) ②Once talking with him, you'll find him an easygoing man. 一旦與他交談，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個隨和的人。(表主動) (2)once 引導的從句中，要用一般時代替將來時。 ①Once you have grasped English, you'll be easy to get a well－paid job. 一旦你掌握了英語，你就會很容易找到一份報酬很高的工作。(現(xiàn)在完成時代替

28、將來完成時) ②Once he arrives, we can start.他一到我們就可以開始。(一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時) [即境活用1]　(2020·福建) You will be successful in the interview ______ you have confidence. A．before　　　　　　　　 B．once C．until D．though 答案：B 解析：考查狀語從句。once “一旦”引導時間狀語從句。before“在……以前”；until “直到……”；though“雖然”。 2．Remember to inc

29、lude one change to your invention in_case it doesn’t work the first time.記住對你的發(fā)明要有變化的余地，以防它第一次不起作用。 in case(以防)萬一 in case 后可接從句，也可置于句末。 in case of 要是……；在……時候(后接名詞或代詞) in this case 如果這樣的話 in that case 如果那樣的話 in any case 無論如何 in no case 決不(位于句首，句子應使用倒裝語序) ①Take your umbrella in case it

30、 rains. 拿著你的雨傘以防下雨。 ②In case I forget, please remind me of my promise. 如果我忘記了我的諾言，請?zhí)嵝盐摇? ③In case of fire, open this safety door. 一旦發(fā)生火災，打開這扇安全門。 ④In no case may you leave the baby alone at home. 你決不能把孩子一個人留在家里。 [即境活用2]　(2020·北京)Leave your key with a neighbor ______ you lock yourself out

31、 one day. A．ever since B．even if C．soon after D．in case 答案：D 解析：A項意為“自從……以來”，B項意為“即使”，C項意為“不久之后”，D項意為“以防；以免”。句意為“留一把鑰匙給鄰居，以免有一天你把自己鎖在門外”。 易 錯 點 撥 自我完善·誤區(qū)備考 case構(gòu)成的短語的用法 [應用]　(1)It is reported that there will be a heavy rain tomorrow, ______ the hike would be put off. A．in a

32、ny case B．in which case C．in no case D．in case 答案：B 解析：該題考查case的相關(guān)短語及定語從句，根據(jù)前面說“據(jù)說明天有大雨”，可知hike在這種情況下要推遲，which引導定語從句，指代整個主句。 (2)－The first bus has just left and the next bus will come in twenty minutes. －______， we will have to wait. A．In this case B．In this way C．By this means

33、 D．In the end 答案：A (3)John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ______ he phones. A．a(chǎn)s long as B．in order that C．in case D．so that 答案：C 解析：as long as意為“只要”，in order that意為“為了”，in case意為“以防”，so that意為“以致；為了”。in case引導條件狀語從句。 (4)I don’t think I’ll need any money, but I’ll

34、 bring some ______. A．a(chǎn)t last B．in case C．once again D．in time 答案：B 解析：根據(jù)句子中所說自己目前不需要錢，可是要帶一點備用或者以防萬一。in case是“以防萬一”的意思，恰好符合此意。in time是“及時，恰好，遲早”的意思。 (5)You’d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor ______ you have to wait. A．even if B．a(chǎn)s if C．in case

35、 D．in order that 答案：C 高 效 作 業(yè) 自我測評·技能備考 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Success in money－making is not always a good c__________ of real success in life. 2．It’s f___________ outside. You’d better put on more clothes. 3．The packet of white p_________ the police found in his room turned out to be cocain

36、e. 4．What we need is a s__________ government. 5．Your invention is ingenious, but not very p__________. criterion　 freezing powder stable practical 6．He is __________(清白的，無罪的) of the charge. 7．He_____________ (使……揚名) himself by his courage at that time. 8．I keep my reference books near

37、 my desk for _________ (方便)． 9．He ate a light lunch in ____________ (期望) of a good dinner. 10．She likes inventions and she has applied for ________ (專利)． innocent　 distinguished convenience expectation patent Ⅱ .單項選擇 1．－Jack, you ______ on the phone. －______. A．a(chǎn)re wanted; Coming B．

38、are needed; I’m coming C．a(chǎn)re called; I’ll come D．a(chǎn)re rung up; Thanks 答案：A 解析：考查電話用語。叫人接電話時常用表達有：You are wanted on the phone. /There is a call for you./ For you.回答用：I’m coming.或Coming. 2．Whoever invented ______ wheel is believed to have made ______ most useful invention in ______ history

39、. A．a(chǎn); the; /　　　　　　 B．the; the; / C．the; /; / D．a(chǎn); a; the 答案：B 解析：發(fā)明物的前面必須用 the；第二空用 the表示最高級，故加定冠詞 the; in history 為固定搭配，意為“在歷史上”，不加任何冠詞。 3．Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a ______ environment. A．peaceful B．sensitive

40、C．common D．stable 答案：D 解析：A項“平靜的”；B項“敏感的”；C項“共同的”；D項“穩(wěn)定的”。句意為：水能吸收和放出許多熱量，這在溫度上沒有大的變化，因而就創(chuàng)造出了一個穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境。 4．Having decided to rent a flat, we ______ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city. A．set about B．set down C．set out D．set up 答案：A 解析：考查動詞短語。set about doing＝se

41、t out to do開始著手做某事；set down 寫下，記下；set up 建立。 5．Color blind people often find it difficult to ______between blue and green. A．separate B．distinguish C．compare D．contrast 答案：B 解析：句意為：色盲的人經(jīng)常感到很難區(qū)分藍色和綠色。separate “分離，分開”，但與 between 不能連用；distinguish between “分辨，辨別”；compare (to/with) 比較，

42、對照；contrast (with) 形成對比。 6．When we plan our vacation, Mother often offers ______ suggestions. A．careful B．practical C．effective D．a(chǎn)cceptable 答案：B 解析：本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。careful “仔細的，小心的”；practical “可行的，實用的”；effective “有效的，生效的”；acceptable “可接受的，受到歡迎的”。本句的意思是：當我們計劃假期的時候，媽媽經(jīng)常提出實用、可行的建議。因此B項最

43、佳。 7．—Are you ready to leave? —Almost. I'll be ready to go as soon as I ______ putting the clean dishes away. A．get through B．give up C．go on D．set about 答案：A 解析：get through (doing) sth. 完成某事。give up (doing) sth. 放棄；go on doing 繼續(xù)；set about doing 開始做。 8．I am sure that Laura's

44、 latest play, ______ staged, will prove a great success. A．since B．unless C．once D．until 答案：C 解析：考查“once＋過去分詞”。其中為省略句 once the latest play is staged。 9．(2020·安徽皖南八校二聯(lián))Without the help of my English teacher, I ______ the first prize in the English speaking competition. A．would win

45、 B．would have won C．would not win D．would not have won 答案：D 解析：考查虛擬語氣。這是一個隱含的虛擬條件句，含有if my English teacher hadn‘t helped me with my spoken English之意，表示與過去的事實相反，故用與過去相反的虛擬語氣，因此D項符合題意。 10．Would it be ______ for you to pick me up at four o'clock and take me to the airport? A．free

46、B．vacant C．handy D．convenient 答案：D 解析：句意：你四點鐘接我并把我送到機場方便嗎？It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便。 11．Does this meal cost $50? I ______ something far better than this! A．prefer B．expect C．suggest D．suppose 答案：B 解析：考查動詞辨析。expect期望；期盼；prefer更喜歡；suggest建議；suppose猜想；認為。

47、 12．He can't bear ______ in public. A．to laugh at B．to be laughed at C．laughing at D．laugh at 答案：B 解析：本題中 bear為“承受”的意思。也可表示為 bear being laughed at。 13．As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village ______ scenes of my childhood. A．called up B．c

48、alled for C．called on D．called in 答案：A 解析：A.“喚起”，B.“需要”，C.“號召”，D.“召集”。本題題意為“……本次參觀使我想起了童年的情景”。因此選A。 14．(2020·北京東城期末)－Hello, everyone! Have you heard the meeting will be put off till next Tuesday? －That's what we ______ about when you came in. A．a(chǎn)re talking B．were talking C．talk

49、 D．talked 答案：B 解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)?！澳蔷褪悄氵M來時我們正在討論的事情”。此處“討論”的動作發(fā)生在“你進來時”，所以用進行時態(tài)，同時從came in可以看出用“過去進行時態(tài)”。答案應該選B項。 15．(2020·唐山摸底考試)He was so deep in thought, thinking of the problem ______ he knocked into the tree without noticing it. A．when B．while C．because D．that 答案：D 解析：考查狀語從句的引導詞。s

50、o...that表示“如此，以致”。他思考問題太投入了，以致一不留神兒撞到了樹上。 Ⅲ .閱讀理解 A China will plan to make new rules to give more controls over the growing number of blogs and webcasts (網(wǎng)上直播)． Nowadays, advanced network technologies, such as Hogging and webca

51、sting, are being improved to challenge the government's ability to watch over the Internet. Chinese government was in the middle of making new rules over Internet publishing, and blogs and websites that publishing webcasts would fall under these rules. Government officials hope the new rules

52、 would ensure a more healthy and active Internet environment and would fully respect and protect Chinese citizens' freedom of speech. Specific details on what kind of rules would be carried out are still unknown to the public. Despite the growing popularity, bloggers and webcasters have been u

53、npopular with publication institutions. In 2020, a series of cases involving bloggers who had dived into other people's privacy and written materials ruining others' fame urged the government to consider whether to require bloggers to use their real names when they log in. Webcasting without

54、 copyright and illegally “copying” products from copyrighted materials have also led government officials to consider starting a nationwide check of online video broadcasting, and allow only qualified websites to continue offering webcasts. 1．What can be the best title of the passage? A．The I

55、ncreases of Blogs and Webcasts B．New Rules to Control Internet Publishing C．Technologies Challenge the Government D．The Popularity of Online Video Broadcasting 答案及解析： 1．B。主旨大意題。第一段就概括了本文的大意。 2. Chinese government thinks the current Internet environment is ______. A．quite healthy B．l

56、ess active C．rather hopeful D．less piloted 答案及解析： 2．D。由第四段可知。 3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.Publication institutions are unhappy with bloggers and webcasters. B.All bloggers and webcasters like to dig out other people's privacy. C.Webcasters are

57、 quite aware of the copyright issues while online. D.Copyrighted materials can only be offered to qualified websites. 答案及解析： 3．A。由第五段可知A項正確。 B The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years a

58、bout the need to address a looming(逼近) hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years. And oil prices have increased more th

59、an three times since the stavt of 2020. These food prices increases, combined with soaring energy costs, will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine(破壞) political stability, as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Banglad

60、esh and Burkina Faso. Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist, but we'll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally. So, what should be done？Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert(防止， 避免) the potential for a global disaster. The first is to scaleup(按

61、比例增加，擴大) the dramatic success of Malawi, a famineprone(遭遇饑荒) country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and highyield seeds. Malawi‘s harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model woul

62、d cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or $10 billion in all. Second, the US and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing(給補助金) the conversion of food into biofuels(生物燃料)． Third, we urgently need to weatherproof(使防風雨) the world's crops as soon and

63、as effectively as possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond—which collects rainwater to be used for emergency irrigation in a dry spell—can make the difference between a bountiful crop and a famine. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adapt

64、ation Fund to help poor regions, climateproof vital economic activities such as food production and health care, but has not yet acted upon the promise. The food crisis provides not only a warning but also an opportunity. We need to invest vastly more in sustainable development in order to ach

65、ieve true global security and economic growth. 4. Which of the following is the best title? A. How to End the Global Food Shortage. B. How to End the Global Disaster. C. How to Help the Farmers in the Poor Countries. D. How to Subsidize the Farmers to Increase Food Products. 答案及解析： 4．A。主旨大

66、意題。文章主要講如何結(jié)束全球食物短缺，A能概括文章中的主要內(nèi)容。B、C、D都是文章中的一部分。 5. The word “woes” in paragraph one is most likely to mean ______. A. hunger B. things C. matters D. disasters 答案及解析： 5．D。詞義猜測題。從下文中Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert(防止， 避免) the potential for a global disaster.可以猜出詞義。 6. What does the author think of the global food shortage? A. People in the world can do nothing. B. The global food crisis will continue. C. The food crisis provides not only